Andrea Wang's The Many Meanings of Meilan is one of the best works of Asian-American fiction I've read in a long spell. Geared for middle-schoolers and up, this enjoyable coming-of-age novel tells the story of 12 year old Meilan Hua, a creative and intelligent storyteller. Due to family in-fighting and subsequent sibling alienation over finances and the status of the family-owned Chinese bakery, Feng Huang, Meilan moves with her parents and paternal grandfather, Gong Gong, from Boston, MA to the small, white-majority town of Redbud, Ohio.
Those knowledgeable about Chinese culture will doubtless notice the close parallel between Meilan's name and the legendary Chinese woman warrior famed for her filial piety and courage: Hua Mulan. In several metaphoric senses, Meilan too is a warrior. She is overcoming grief over the recent death of her beloved grandmother, Nainai, as well as being uprooted from family, friends, and her comfortable life in Boston. In Redbone, as the only Taiwanese-American student in an otherwise racially-homogenous school, she confronts racism--even on the first day, the principal, Mr. Reynard, strips Meilan's cultural identity and name from her, forcing Meilan to be called by an American name, "Melanie." From a Chinese cultural standpoint, the obliteration of Meilan's name is not simply an insensitive, racist move, but one that cruelly stabs the soul. Chinese ascribe deep significance to names, typically bestowed by family elders who carefully consider the meaning of the characters, which express familial good wishes and fortune for the child. Erasing one's name, in a sense, erases not only self, but the person's auspicious future. Meilan also encounters additional challenges: bullying, financial struggles, making new friends, and asserting herself, difficulties which are arguably exacerbated by her status as a bicultural, bilingual Asian-American.
While there's been a recent spathe of middle-school and YA books, written by BIPOC authors and featuring non-white protagonists, The Many Meanings of Meilan is by no means, just another book that superficially clicks off the "Diversity" checkbox. Instead, Wang deftly weaves in Chinese cultural traditions and values, as well as extensive use of Mandarin Chinese linguistic terms: food, the special names delineating maternal and paternal relatives and their birth order status, customs to honor the dead, and chengyu: Chinese proverbs. I thought the inclusion of Pinyin romanization and tones was a terrific authorial choice to provide cultural ambiance and specificity, and also help non-Chinese speakers to experience and learn some Mandarin Chinese. Since my review is based on a NetGalley ARC, I’m also hoping that the publisher will also include the Chinese characters, as well as the phonetization, in the final published version, to make the phrases easier to reference. Also, the publisher might consider, to avoid any potential confusion on the part of Chinese-speaking readers, that in Taiwan, the term for paternal and maternal grandfather is identical: Gong Gong [公公]. However, in other Chinese-speaking regions, one’s paternal grandfather is Ye Ye [爺爺], whereas one’s maternal grandfather is Wai Gong [外公]or, more casually, Gong Gong [公公].
The title of the book also draws upon a unique Chinese cultural interest: homophonic verbal punning. Characters in Chinese may sound the same, but their tones and meanings differ. For example, the second character "Lan" [蘭] in Meilan's name, means "orchid", a popular flower in Chinese culture which symbolizes female beauty, grace, and refinement. Wang cleverly uses two other homophones of "lan" to capture Meilan's other metatphoric states: 藍 “blue", symbolizing Meilan's grief and alienation; 籃 "basket/receptacle", which might indicate the protagonist's receiving life's burdens, or more positively, that she is the repository of her family's love and aspirations and the collector of friends.
恭喜恭喜 (Congratulations) to Andrea Wang for this superb, thoughful novel! I’m hoping that The Many Meanings of Meilan will take its rightful place in the canon of new American literature.
Thank you to #netgalley for kindly providing an ARC of this novel, in exchange for a candid review.