Dr Pnina Arad is passionately concerned about the lives of women whose partner has an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). She warmly invites the reader on an ambitious journey, to inform partners of diagnosed, underdiagnosed or suspected ASD men, and to enlighten professionals who work with such couples. Her own case material and quoted testimonies from her research enrich the text.
The book opens with a glossary of psychological concepts relevant to the study. While assessing ASD in children has grown easier, adult assessment remains less common, often occurring only when a child in the family is diagnosed. And yet evidently ASD is just as likely in both children and adults, and four times more prevalent in males. [Elsewhere it has also been suggested that testing methodologies may have skewed gender results.] Furthermore the stigma associated with any kind of psychological disorder means that diagnosing Asperger’s syndrome and high functioning autism in adults remains silent in many parts of the world.
Given one feature of ASD is significant communication deficits, it is no wonder neuro diverse couples – where one partner, most commonly the woman, is neuro-typical (NT) – experience relationship difficulties. Research is rare on the effects of autistic traits on intimate relationships, Dr Arad suggesting that researchers dismiss the voices and experience of female partners as bitter and complaining.
Adult ASD may include mindblindness, addiction elements, OCD, and a range of other behaviours negatively affecting a marital relationship. The NT partner commonly finds herself burdened alone with the emotional and practical caregiving for her family to the point of feeling like a single parent. Dr Arad’s examination of the sinister evolution of violence in a neuro diverse relationship of this kind will ring alarm bells for too many women who have been persuaded they simply aren’t trying hard enough.
“The well-known cycle (of violence) does not usually characterize the abusive behavior of an [ASD man], [who] will rarely exhibit remorse or a genuine apology…. Moreover, the abusive behaviors can last for long periods with no relief. … apologies mainly reflecting his having learned that his partner expects [it] …, and that it is socially customary … [and occur] only when he fears the possibility of separation, to prevent his partner leaving.”
Chapter 2, When Fantasy Meets Reality, opens with case material which eloquently illustrates how women have been blamed for what’s different, as if that is wrong, and are expected to get over themselves, as though they are imagining it all. Experiences of new motherhood and new parenthood highlight cracks which a couple may have managed to avoid. Vast differences in demands and expectations with regard to sex also become apparent at this time, leading to deep distress. From the case material it is clear there is no one size fits all, at some men can be sexually insatiable while others lose interest altogether, or seek enjoyment elsewhere. A common feature is that ASD severely impairs the capacity for warmth, affection and intimacy in a marriage.
When Your Man is on the Spectrum
To Know, Understand & Transform Your Relationship
Dr Pnina Arad, an Israeli relationship coach and counsellor, is passionately concerned about the lives of women whose partner has an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Writing this book, after the labour of researching and writing her doctoral thesis on the topic, has not dimmed her passion. There is no doubt that the author understands her topic from the inside of the counselling room as well as through her research, giving the impression of being a skilled and compassionate therapist.
Dr Arad warmly invites the reader on a journey of discovery. Her stated goals are twofold: to inform neurotypical (NT) partners of ASD men who are diagnosed, partially diagnosed, or undiagnosed, and to enlighten professionals who work with such couples. Concepts in this book are illustrated with case material and quotations from women’s responses either to qualitative questions in her thesis or to Arad’s Facebook blog. Much of this powerful first-person material leaps off the page, and is often deeply affecting. The doctoral research clearly covered a great deal of new ground, using both quantitative and qualitative research methods. If she knew her subject before starting this thesis, my impression is that Dr Arad’s comprehension and capacity have deepened considerably as a result of completing it.
Dr Arad undertakes to decipher for readers the general, then more detailed shape of relationships between men with ASD and neurotypical (NT) women, and how they evolve. Starting with the often apparently romantic beginnings of such a relationship, she goes on to look more closely at the behaviour and experience of each partner and how their relationships can evolve to create a toxic home life for couples and their children. The book explains how women can gradually become trapped, exhibiting behaviours characteristic of people suffering deep trauma, as they feel desperately lonely, unsafe, even terrified. Their male partner, meanwhile, is often comfortably oblivious to the impact of his behaviour on his wife, and uninterested in what life with him is like. Nor does he have the emotional tools to make sense of her experience.
Towards the end of the book, Dr Arad offers tips for managing difficulties NT women suffer in neurodiverse relationships, and shares her thinking about the decision stay or leave. The book concludes with recommendations for improved communication to enable a safe and ideally amicable transition, either into a better relationship, or to separation and divorce.
This book has much to recommend it, to the women to whom it is addressed in its title, as well as to counselling professionals. Although much of the thesis form persists, the book has potential appeal to a wide readership. And yet how do I respond as a reviewer: is this a book intended to help and advise women? a handbook for professionals? or a thesis? Frequent bracketed thesis references interrupt the flow of reading. I wished for a simpler summary of research findings, and for statistics to be in a graph or pie chart.
The bulk of the book addresses knowing and understanding. When it comes to the transformative or helpful tips, I found the brief 2-page list of seven disappointing, heavy with don’ts, rather than phrased in an affirming way. Surprising from a professional coach.
The section entitled “Maintaining boundaries and self-care” contains this powerful statement:
The most important and urgent point is to stop any form of abuse if it occurs at home. No woman must agree to be a victim of meltdowns, humiliation, and insults, to accept a disrespectful attitude, or to have her children exposed to abuse. It doesn’t matter if the hurtful behavior originates from a communication disorder or anything else. The demand for respect is elementary. It’s the basic right of human beings and should be insisted upon whenever someone tramples on it.
Dr Arad goes on to recommend three clear, linked strategies to strengthen women struggling in their neurodiverse relationship:
- setting boundaries using a broken record technique to assert refusal to tolerate abuse,
- unilateral self-care to set boundaries around what she is willing to do for others, and to discover things to do for herself, and
- the daily practice of 10 minutes of mindful breathing to build a personal sense of calm and focus.
Despite its imperfections, I would recommend this book to women and practitioners, especially as it fills a gap in the material available. Hopefully a more accessible version will become available in the future. If it does, I imagine it will fly off the shelves!