Ramón del Valle-Inclán was born into an impoverished aristocratic family in a rural village in Galicia, Spain. Obedient to his father’s wishes, he studied law in Compostela, but after his father’s death in 1889 he moved to Madrid to work as a journalist and critic. In 1892 Valle-Inclán traveled to Mexico, where he remained for more than a year. His first book of stories came out in Spain in 1895. A well-known figure in the cafés of Madrid, famous for his spindly frame, cutting wit, long hair, longer beard, black cape, and single arm (the other having been lost after a fight with a critic), Valle-Inclán was celebrated as the author of Sonatas: The Memoirs of the Marquis of Bradomín, which was published in 1904 and is considered the finest novel of Spanish modernismo, as well as for his extensive and important career in the theater, not only as a major twentieth-century playwright but also as a director and actor. He reported from the western front during World War I, and after the war he developed an unsettling new style that he dubbed esperpento—a Spanish word that means both a grotesque, frightening person and a piece of nonsense—and described as a search for “the comic side of the tragedy of life.” Partly inspired by his second visit to Mexico in 1920, when the country was in the throes of revolution, Tyrant Banderas is Valle-Inclán’s greatest novel and the essence of esperpento.
Un buen comienzo con trazas esperpénticas para las Comedias Bárbaras. El ambiente es único y característico: una Galicia medieval, tierra sin ley donde reinan los impulsos más bajos y lo grotesco. Los personajes se deforman, la ambientación se oscurece y todo se siente como un sueño macabro, un delirio sin fin que augura un trágico desenlace para los Montenegro y el pueblo.
A ello se suman acotaciones narrativas de una belleza impresionante, una fusión entre esperpento y modernismo salteada por un interminable vocabulario arcaico y literario que se retuerce hasta su máxima expresión. Si bien contribuye a entrar en ese mundo medieval y místico, en ocasiones uno se pierde entre términos tomados del gallego o modismos del norte y puede llegar a ralentizar la lectura.
Con todo, ir parando la lectura para aprender y familiarizarse con los arcaísmos supone una impertinencia menor y en absoluto eclipsa la calidad y carisma de la obra. Es una vuelta a las historias medievales clásicas de antaño en la que el hermoso héroe se dispone a salvar a la princesa de las garras del malvado, pero pasada por un filtro que pervierte y deforma la realidad; una reverencia al pasado con un toque único y un detalle al arte por el arte, sin querer perderse en un significado final y trascendente.