کی یرکگور

by Shelley O'Hara, نادیا بدری زاده (translator)

سورن کی یر کگور در نقطه ای تعیین کننده در تاریخ فلسفه به نگاشتن مشغول شد .دانشجویان فلسفه او را نویسنده ای ضد روشنگری میدانستند،به این معنی که او به مشکلات ناشی از جهان بینی روشنگری واکنش نشان میداد. جنبش روشنگری در قرن های هفدهم و هجدهم در صدد آمیختن مفاهیم غالب از خدا، طبیعت،معرفت، و انسان با یک جهان بینی یکپارچه بود،متفکران روشنگری بر عقل و استفاده از آن برای فهم و زندگی بهتر تاکید داشتند.
کی یر کگور به جای تاکید بر معرفت بشری حاصل از عقل یا فلسفه عقلانی نظام مند،گفت انسان ها از اساس موجوداتی منطقی یا عقل گرا نیستند،بلکه موجوداتی دارای دغدغه،میل و احساسند که بر پایه طبیعتشان عمل می کنند و تصمیم می گیرند. این سخن را می توان عصاره اگزیستانسیالیسم انگاشت.با این که او عبارت اگزیستانسیالیسم را در نوشته هایش بسیار کم به کار برده است و در زمان او این عبارت معنای امروزی را نداشت،پدر اگزیستانسیالیسم نام گرفته است.

Genres: Philosophy, Nonfiction

118 pages, Paperback

Reviews

[Hossein]

روزگاری بشر درک اندکی داشت، ولی همان درک اندک نیز او را به حرکتی شگرف وا میداشت. اما امروز که درک او بیشتر شده است، این درک زیاد او را به حرکت وا نمی دارد، یا اگر هم وا دارد، تنها حرکتی سطحی ایجاد می کند: چیزی شبیه دهن کجی.

کتاب، خلاصه ای از آرای کی یرکگور بود. برای آشنایی با کیرکگور توصیه میشه..

[Bryan Heck]

I continue to be reminded that sometimes it is better to just read a book “about” a writer, at least first, before reading the work from the writer. And this one was small but substantive to explain whether I wanted to tackle each individual work or not.

It focuses on 5 of Kierkegaard’s writing while covering a little over his life and influences and counterparts.

Overall I’d put this at about a 4.5 when it comes to an introduction in as small of a package that this book is.

[Irene]

After reading this book, I am existentialy confused. Perhaps I have my subjective thought and objective thought mixed up, but my family life is right on target!

[Adam]

Hegel just talks abstractly?



p 2 his journals, trying to find, 'the idea I will live and die for.'

p 3 'I could become happier in my unhappiness without her than with her.'
"Fear and Trembling" theme: suffering

p 5 he wrote and published under various pseudonyms
It wasn't anonymity that drove his decisions, but instead a unique literary strategy that he used to further his messages.

p 11 Existentialism life-view - the individual creates their own system of ethics through their choices (i.e., you are responsible for your actions). Before God, then to God; or before none, then not based on a judging deity
> the universe has no rational direction or scheme; it is meaningless & absurd

p 31 Kierkegaard presents individuals that are confronted with a choice...actions and choices define a person.

"Either/Or" two lifestyles: aesthetic or ethical
- Don Juan
- immersed in physical (sensuous) experiences
- values possibility over actuality
- avoiding boredom is their main role
or
> Judge
> feels a duty to God/humankind
> thinks about how to respond; applies moral codes/rules

p 19 "Either/Or" - aesthetic person is concerned with sensory pleasure & lives for the moment, while the ethical person bases his life on moral codes & is concerned about the eternal

p 13 Kierkegaard believed people should enjoy the finer things in life. Although, pleasure should not be the motivating factor.

p 15 He explored the idea of sacrifice of worldly happiness for a higher (religious) purpose.

p 15 how to become a Christian in Christendom?

p 30 "Either/Or" including letter "The Aesthetic Validity of Marriage" - romantic love is 'built upon an illusion,' and how conjugal love is preferred.

p 45 Kierkegaard believes that reason is useless for many things...Faith isn't based on reason but just because it isn't doesn't mean it's not true?

p 49 God is beyond understanding--reasoning can only happen by understanding. Kierkegaard argues that you cannot conceive of something that surpasses your intellectual capabilities. You couldn't because if you did, you'd disprove the original premise.
["Philosophical Fragments" theme: paradox]

p 51 ...a leap from the known to the unknown

p 51 Knowledge is not within man, waiting to be discovered, as Socrates proposed. Kierkegaard says it is outside of man and to find real truth [ =/= knowledge ] requires a teacher. That can only be left to God.

p 57 'what one fears attracts one.'

p 63 Although Kierkegaard did write from a Christian point of view, his work is not relevant only to Christians.

[Jonathan Karmel]

Seems like a good summary of Kierkegaard, but I've never read the original. Kierkegaard ended up with the belief that he had to have Christian faith. But what about people who aren't Christian? Should they convert? Should they have faith in something else? Also, he interpreted Christianity in a way that was different from most of his contemporaries, so it seems like even if you accept religious faith, you still need to interpret for yourself what you actually believe in.

[Dan]

Concise and clear, and really sheds light on Kierkegaard's work. Serves as a great introduction to his life and work. I wish I had read this first, before reading his works! Is good as an intro to any major work of his - but be careful not to look for objective meaning in the father of existentialism... the truth of his works can only be grasped through subjective wrestling in thought ;)