What do you think?
Rate this book
Deep Adaptation: Navigating the Realities of Climate Chaos
This is the first book to show how professionals across different sectors are beginning to incorporate the acceptance of likely or unfolding societal breakdown into their work and lives. Deep Adaptation refers to the personal and collective changes that might help us to prepare for - and live with - a climate-influenced breakdown or collapse of our societies. It is a framework for responding to the terrifying realisation of increasing and irrevocable disruption, by committing ourselves to reducing suffering while saving more of society and the natural world.
The contributors to this book come from diverse fields including philosophy, psychology, education, leadership, facilitation, community development and private enterprise. Unlike mainstream work on climate adaptation, these writers do not assume that our current economic, social, and political systems can be made resilient in the face of rapid and dangerous climate change. Instead, they demonstrate the caring and creative ways that people are responding to the most difficult realisation with which humanity may ever have to come to terms.
This book is the essential introduction to the concept, practice and emerging global movement of Deep Adaptation to climate chaos. Edited by the originator of the concept, Professor Jem Bendell, and a leading figure in climate activism, Professor Rupert Read, it brings together scholarship and practical measures for policy and action.
The contributors to this book come from diverse fields including philosophy, psychology, education, leadership, facilitation, community development and private enterprise. Unlike mainstream work on climate adaptation, these writers do not assume that our current economic, social, and political systems can be made resilient in the face of rapid and dangerous climate change. Instead, they demonstrate the caring and creative ways that people are responding to the most difficult realisation with which humanity may ever have to come to terms.
This book is the essential introduction to the concept, practice and emerging global movement of Deep Adaptation to climate chaos. Edited by the originator of the concept, Professor Jem Bendell, and a leading figure in climate activism, Professor Rupert Read, it brings together scholarship and practical measures for policy and action.
224 pages, Kindle Edition
First published July 27, 2018
67 people are currently reading
745 people want to read
About the author
Jem Bendell
18 books27 followersJem Bendell is a professor of sustainability leadership and founder of the Institute for Leadership and Sustainability at the University of Cumbria.
Ratings & Reviews
Friends & Following
Create a free account to discover what your friends think of this book!
Community Reviews
Displaying 1 - 27 of 27 reviews
November 15, 2020
Clear-eyed, honest, and well-referenced assessment of our ongoing failure to deal with climate change, amongst other human-caused planetary degradation, and how this will likely lead to near-term civilisation collapse. I can't find fault with the arguments, but I do think humans are very tenacious, and I suspect a few places on Earth will cling to technological civilisation. Mass death is going to be very difficult to avoid, however.
As an academic who also has attempted to raise the alarm within my own field about climate change, I really appreciate his reassurance that I'm not alone in feeling uncomfortable. It really is lose-lose: if you're right about collapse, then nothing you say really matters anyway; if you're wrong, you've probably just lost tenure. And yet it feels morally incorrect to say silent. I can't help hoping for a societal tipping point where we all come on board and start dealing with this. But even if I picture the West Antartic ice sheet collapsing into the ocean and everyone watching the world's major cities drown, I can't imagine it actually leading to a wholesale change in the way we live our lives. Just like COVID, we would treat it as a crisis and treat the symptoms, and totally fail to deal with the causes. It really is easier to picture the end of the world than the end of capitalism.
As an academic who also has attempted to raise the alarm within my own field about climate change, I really appreciate his reassurance that I'm not alone in feeling uncomfortable. It really is lose-lose: if you're right about collapse, then nothing you say really matters anyway; if you're wrong, you've probably just lost tenure. And yet it feels morally incorrect to say silent. I can't help hoping for a societal tipping point where we all come on board and start dealing with this. But even if I picture the West Antartic ice sheet collapsing into the ocean and everyone watching the world's major cities drown, I can't imagine it actually leading to a wholesale change in the way we live our lives. Just like COVID, we would treat it as a crisis and treat the symptoms, and totally fail to deal with the causes. It really is easier to picture the end of the world than the end of capitalism.
January 2, 2021
Starting off the year with some happy reading.
All joking aside, it is interesting to see an academic paper advocating for the acceptance of an inevitable climate disaster. It is a sobering read, but it helps one refocus their own energies and realize that a climate crisis will eventually go from threat to reality. It’s very possible that we will have to live through this, so giving time and energy to the concept is probably worthwhile
All joking aside, it is interesting to see an academic paper advocating for the acceptance of an inevitable climate disaster. It is a sobering read, but it helps one refocus their own energies and realize that a climate crisis will eventually go from threat to reality. It’s very possible that we will have to live through this, so giving time and energy to the concept is probably worthwhile
March 2, 2022
First there was mitigation. With some long-term planning, some investment in new technologies the world could have decoupled the economy from material consumption and transition away from fossil fuels. That didn’t really happen. Next there was adaptation. Given that we have committed our biosphere to some warming, we should continue to try to mitigate against higher levels of heating while planning to protect ourselves from more severe heatwaves, drought, extreme weather events, rising ocean levels, etc. It doesn’t appear that this is really happening, either. The next step is ‘deep adaptation’ and, according to the book by the same name, we should be preparing for societal collapse.
By ‘societal collapse’, the authors of Deep Adaptation mean “an uneven ending of industrial consumer modes of sustenance, shelter, health, security, pleasure, identity and meaning. […] The term ‘collapse’ does not necessarily mean that suddenness is likely but rather implies a form of breakdown in systems that is comprehensive and cannot be reversed to what it was before. […] People who engage in dialogue and initiative for deep adaptation believe that societal collapse in most or all countries of the world is likely, inevitable or already unfolding” (p.2). Deep adaptation is, therefore, a form of ‘post-sustainability’ thinking (p.7).
Though there is some material preparation implied in Deep Adaptation, much of the discussion relates to the impact of extreme scenarios on human psychology. With respect to communicating the threats of climate chaos, there is “some evidence from social psychology to suggest that by focusing on impacts now, it makes climate change more proximate, which increases support for mitigation” and, further, “that ‘hopelessness’ and its related emotions of dismay and despair are understandably feared but wrongly assumed to be entirely negative and to be avoided whatever the situation. […] ancient wisdom traditions see a significant place for hopelessness and despair […] as a trigger for a new way of perceiving self and world” (p.60). The authors quote Tommy Lynch: ‘In abandoning hope that the one way of life will continue, we open up a space for alternative hopes.’ In other words, Deep Adaptation considers ‘hopelessness’ as a stimulus for meaningful change and for psychic strength.
The authors provide a conceptual map for the Deep Adaptation movement that involves resilience, relinquishment, restoration, and reconciliation. Resilience of human societies is conceived to be the capacity to adapt to changing circumstances while maintaining valued norms and behaviours – presumably solidarity and civility. Relinquishment involves the letting-go of certain assets, behaviours and beliefs that will impede adaptation. Restoration involves people and communities rediscovering attitudes and approaches to organized life that have been eroded by hyper-individualist, market fundamentalist, incremental and atomistic behaviours in an acquisitive economy. Reconciliation, finally, is how we collectively suppress panic, how we work together and support each other, and how our efforts will make a positive difference despite the knowledge that our situation will become more stressful and disruptive going forward. (p.72).
But Deep Adaptation is mainly about communicating and how to approach societal collapse. In basic terms, this means “bringing the somatic, the affective and the relational – the wisdom of our bodies, hearts and communities – wholly to bear on how we face the unfolding predicament” (p.176). It also means, as Joanna Macy suggests, that “no longer hiding the facts, no longer holding back in the expression of our truths, and sharing within a benevolent collective all that we feel, provokes a revival of energy and a kind of release of enthusiasm leading to joy and action. […] Emotions are not enemies; denial is” (p.94).
The basis of denial is presented by the acronym e-s-c-a-p-e: Entitlement, Surety (or certainty), Control, Autonomy, Progress, and Exceptionalism. “The ‘ideology of e-s-c-a-p-e’ is a summary of mental habits that rise from, and maintain, restrictions on our affinity with all life – human and beyond. [They] give rise to attitudes like individualism, nationalism, fundamentalist religiosity and selfish spiritualities, as well as systems like colonialism, capitalism and neoliberalism” (p.124).
Deep Adaptation is an approachable book despite the worldview being presented, which may be jarring for many readers. The basic message is that our current ‘ideology of e-s-c-a-p-e’ will be a barrier to current approaches to mitigation and adaptation. And that societal collapse is ‘likely, inevitable or already unfolding.’ As such, we should begin to communicate authentically - like it really matters. In conclusion, the authors “affirm the ethical imperative to do what we can to ensure a softer landing, to minimize suffering, to save what can be saved to prepare the ground for the possibility, at least, of life-sustaining societies that might not only survive but flourish on the other side of collapse” (p.201). The Deep Adaptation movement is forming affinity groups to advance this process – like it really matters.
By ‘societal collapse’, the authors of Deep Adaptation mean “an uneven ending of industrial consumer modes of sustenance, shelter, health, security, pleasure, identity and meaning. […] The term ‘collapse’ does not necessarily mean that suddenness is likely but rather implies a form of breakdown in systems that is comprehensive and cannot be reversed to what it was before. […] People who engage in dialogue and initiative for deep adaptation believe that societal collapse in most or all countries of the world is likely, inevitable or already unfolding” (p.2). Deep adaptation is, therefore, a form of ‘post-sustainability’ thinking (p.7).
Though there is some material preparation implied in Deep Adaptation, much of the discussion relates to the impact of extreme scenarios on human psychology. With respect to communicating the threats of climate chaos, there is “some evidence from social psychology to suggest that by focusing on impacts now, it makes climate change more proximate, which increases support for mitigation” and, further, “that ‘hopelessness’ and its related emotions of dismay and despair are understandably feared but wrongly assumed to be entirely negative and to be avoided whatever the situation. […] ancient wisdom traditions see a significant place for hopelessness and despair […] as a trigger for a new way of perceiving self and world” (p.60). The authors quote Tommy Lynch: ‘In abandoning hope that the one way of life will continue, we open up a space for alternative hopes.’ In other words, Deep Adaptation considers ‘hopelessness’ as a stimulus for meaningful change and for psychic strength.
The authors provide a conceptual map for the Deep Adaptation movement that involves resilience, relinquishment, restoration, and reconciliation. Resilience of human societies is conceived to be the capacity to adapt to changing circumstances while maintaining valued norms and behaviours – presumably solidarity and civility. Relinquishment involves the letting-go of certain assets, behaviours and beliefs that will impede adaptation. Restoration involves people and communities rediscovering attitudes and approaches to organized life that have been eroded by hyper-individualist, market fundamentalist, incremental and atomistic behaviours in an acquisitive economy. Reconciliation, finally, is how we collectively suppress panic, how we work together and support each other, and how our efforts will make a positive difference despite the knowledge that our situation will become more stressful and disruptive going forward. (p.72).
But Deep Adaptation is mainly about communicating and how to approach societal collapse. In basic terms, this means “bringing the somatic, the affective and the relational – the wisdom of our bodies, hearts and communities – wholly to bear on how we face the unfolding predicament” (p.176). It also means, as Joanna Macy suggests, that “no longer hiding the facts, no longer holding back in the expression of our truths, and sharing within a benevolent collective all that we feel, provokes a revival of energy and a kind of release of enthusiasm leading to joy and action. […] Emotions are not enemies; denial is” (p.94).
The basis of denial is presented by the acronym e-s-c-a-p-e: Entitlement, Surety (or certainty), Control, Autonomy, Progress, and Exceptionalism. “The ‘ideology of e-s-c-a-p-e’ is a summary of mental habits that rise from, and maintain, restrictions on our affinity with all life – human and beyond. [They] give rise to attitudes like individualism, nationalism, fundamentalist religiosity and selfish spiritualities, as well as systems like colonialism, capitalism and neoliberalism” (p.124).
Deep Adaptation is an approachable book despite the worldview being presented, which may be jarring for many readers. The basic message is that our current ‘ideology of e-s-c-a-p-e’ will be a barrier to current approaches to mitigation and adaptation. And that societal collapse is ‘likely, inevitable or already unfolding.’ As such, we should begin to communicate authentically - like it really matters. In conclusion, the authors “affirm the ethical imperative to do what we can to ensure a softer landing, to minimize suffering, to save what can be saved to prepare the ground for the possibility, at least, of life-sustaining societies that might not only survive but flourish on the other side of collapse” (p.201). The Deep Adaptation movement is forming affinity groups to advance this process – like it really matters.
December 14, 2019
This paper gets a bad rap- I think most people must quit a few pages in. The first bit lays out the science to set the foundation for the second bit; and it's true that that can be hard to read, as he uses some of the more conservative, widely-accepted science and reasonably demonstrates that we're pretty much fucked when it comes to the climate. And even though I have suspected that for a while now, I don't usually address it head-on like that in my thoughts. So that was kind of hard, and I suspect many people quit there.
But I didn't. And I'm glad. Because then the paper opens up into a profound and moving discussion of where one can go from that place of despair. It turns out people have long had a familiarity with that darkest place right before the end, and the secret they don't talk about too much these days is that there is a place for that place. It is where we can let go of all expectations and attachments, which is hard and scary, but which also makes room for whatever else there may be. So we will lose pretty much everything, but once we've let it go, we will be able to see what is left, and where we want to go.
If you are still reading this now, then really you should just get your hands on that paper and read it, because he says it all much better than I am.
But I didn't. And I'm glad. Because then the paper opens up into a profound and moving discussion of where one can go from that place of despair. It turns out people have long had a familiarity with that darkest place right before the end, and the secret they don't talk about too much these days is that there is a place for that place. It is where we can let go of all expectations and attachments, which is hard and scary, but which also makes room for whatever else there may be. So we will lose pretty much everything, but once we've let it go, we will be able to see what is left, and where we want to go.
If you are still reading this now, then really you should just get your hands on that paper and read it, because he says it all much better than I am.
December 30, 2023
This book is really an expanded paper with a plethora of footnotes and, for the most part, little discussion beyond one-sentence summaries of the references. As a result, it's tough reading, especially for those trying to get a basic grip on the material. If you've already read numerous climate change books, however, these references may prove stimulating and suggest avenues for expanding your research.
The first section is a useful summary of very recent research on climate change. Spoiler alert. The sobering conclusion is that global cataclysmic disruption from climate change is foreseeable and inevitable. Prepare to be shocked as many have been by reading this book. Four stars for this section.
The remaining sections examine individual and societal reactions to the unprecedented challenges these climate changes will present. I found these sections to be, well, tortured in terms of writing, analysis, and arguments. Two stars for these sections.
The first section is a useful summary of very recent research on climate change. Spoiler alert. The sobering conclusion is that global cataclysmic disruption from climate change is foreseeable and inevitable. Prepare to be shocked as many have been by reading this book. Four stars for this section.
The remaining sections examine individual and societal reactions to the unprecedented challenges these climate changes will present. I found these sections to be, well, tortured in terms of writing, analysis, and arguments. Two stars for these sections.
September 17, 2020
Frightening and very convincing. We're fucked.
February 23, 2025
I expected far more from this book. I felt dissapointed as I thought it will discuss concrete actions and give advices about how to face the rapid change that is already happening. The authors keep focussing their attention on movements like DA and XR, which are likely to have and impact but are (sadly) quite marginal nowadays.
Also, some chapters are quite hard to follow… at some points the book is a repetitive loop over the same concepts.
From where I see it, authors lack the concreteness they accuse climate scientists of: not being clear enough about the change. While some writers face our extinction as unavoidable in the upcoming 10-15 years, others fail to recognize this. At the end, the whole concept blures over their doubts.
I like the sociologic-psycologic approach to the deep adaptation humans should do and I definitely agree about the “go local” argument.
The most important messages of this book are:
-Maybe it’s too late for us to avoid the catastrophe.
-Nonetheless, individual gestures and local organizations may and should help to reduce these changes.
-We all expect our lives to improve over the next years, but the reality is quite different: in a system of limited resources, indefinite growth does not exist.
It’s been 6 years since this book was writen and almost nothing has changed. These days, the president of the USA is trying to gain control over Greenland, as he and most world leaders take the melting of the Nort Atlantic for granted… that’s a good way to measure the advances since the publication of the book.
June 10, 2022
Eh. A bit too cerebral. Basically took a journal article and turned it into a book, references in place and all. Made for difficult reading. Footnotes would have been better. Not what I was looking for based on the title. I was hoping for a bit more of how things might unfold and how to deal with those scenarios rather than the soft, touchy feely treatment that the end is coming. We all know that already if we're reading this book, you're preaching to the choir.
April 25, 2025
I encourage everybody to read this article, you can find it online for free if you google ‘Deep Adaptation Paper’. This is not just one of many attempts to articulate the gravity of the climate change situation we find ourselves in. It introduces deep adaptation as a new priority in sustainability and climate, something our previous efforts haven’t focused on to the extents required.
On a lighter note, I’ll be looking into doomsday prep!!
On a lighter note, I’ll be looking into doomsday prep!!
May 24, 2025
That was depressing
January 23, 2022
This powerful grouping of essays by (primarily) Bendell and Rupert Read offer a high level view of the problems we face collectively adapting to a rapidly changing climate. National economies have the requirement of growth at their center, a growth that is made economically and politically necessary to the existential reality of those states. This volume is high on diagnosis, and also points the difficult way to adaptation, which must clear the hurdle of addiction to growth.
July 15, 2020
Najważniejszy tekst na najbliższe 10 lat
http://lifeworth.com/DeepAdaptation-p...
http://lifeworth.com/DeepAdaptation-p...
March 8, 2024
Short paper on climate change which reviews recent measures against targets finding we're not on the happy path with at least eight irreversible tipping points having already been triggered, and raising further concerns about some such as methane hydrate stores in the ocean bed, which would facilitate not linear changes, but step changes in warning as it's believed they did in the Permian extinction aka the Great Dying. Depressed yet? It gets darker...
The authors opinion is that widespread societal collapse is probable and he puts forward the deep adaptation approach as an alternative to the market focused, incremental and atomistic approach currently adopted by most governments. The deep adaptation approach focuses on Resilience: what do we most value that we want to keep, and how? Relinquishment: what do we need to let go of so as not to make matters worse? Restoration: what could we bring back to help us with these difficult times? Reconciliation: with what and whom shall we make peace as we awaken to our mutual mortality? The paper also spends time exploring the psychology of climate change to attempt to explain common climate change media narratives and their effects.
It's dark, well written, personal and quite terrifying if accurate...
The authors opinion is that widespread societal collapse is probable and he puts forward the deep adaptation approach as an alternative to the market focused, incremental and atomistic approach currently adopted by most governments. The deep adaptation approach focuses on Resilience: what do we most value that we want to keep, and how? Relinquishment: what do we need to let go of so as not to make matters worse? Restoration: what could we bring back to help us with these difficult times? Reconciliation: with what and whom shall we make peace as we awaken to our mutual mortality? The paper also spends time exploring the psychology of climate change to attempt to explain common climate change media narratives and their effects.
It's dark, well written, personal and quite terrifying if accurate...
May 6, 2024
The first part of the book is perfectly fine: the author explains his hypothesis on scientific grounds that our civilization may soon go down the drain due to climate change. My problem, however, is that the entire book is imbued with progressive left-wing elements. Because of this it seems like to me a "watermelon movement": green on the outside, red on the inside.
In the second half of the book, we can no longer read anything about environmental protection, but only about criticism of capitalism, patriarchy, the privileged position of white men, feminism, ideas that we have to totally dismantled our social, financial and ideological systems, etc.
The writer suggests breathing techniques, meditation, Buddhism, etc. and other fashionable Eastern practices in order to achieve enlightenment. After a while the leftist ideology is pushed so far that even the writer addresses the elephant in the room: "Some may respond that these philosophical ideas sound like an attempt to impose left-wing views on the climate agenda."
I think environmental protection is important and I appreciate that some people at least think about what we should do if the worst happens. In this regard, I acknowledge the writer's efforts, but I do not agree with his proposed solutions.
In the second half of the book, we can no longer read anything about environmental protection, but only about criticism of capitalism, patriarchy, the privileged position of white men, feminism, ideas that we have to totally dismantled our social, financial and ideological systems, etc.
The writer suggests breathing techniques, meditation, Buddhism, etc. and other fashionable Eastern practices in order to achieve enlightenment. After a while the leftist ideology is pushed so far that even the writer addresses the elephant in the room: "Some may respond that these philosophical ideas sound like an attempt to impose left-wing views on the climate agenda."
I think environmental protection is important and I appreciate that some people at least think about what we should do if the worst happens. In this regard, I acknowledge the writer's efforts, but I do not agree with his proposed solutions.
August 22, 2025
“If you are broadly on the same page as us, then the pain of anticipating collapse is likely to be with you for the rest of your life… Hopefully, the more people who have the courage of staying with the trouble, and not finding a simple way out, the more we will all generate ideas and initiatives for humanity to reduce harm and create possibilities for the future …. ‘Collapse now, and avoid the rush.’ Transformative and deep adaptation is an agenda for the whole world, and for the whole person. Who knows - perhaps we can turn eco-driven collapse from something terrifying into something tolerable or, possibly, even positive for some people. Or, as the collapsologists imply, perhaps collectively facing collapse as an inevitable reality might, paradoxically, be the one thing that can still slow or transform it. One thing we are united in certainty on is that willed ignorance is no longer an option. That facing up to collapse reality is a good and necessary step. [This is] a journey that the more shared it is, the more bearable and even brighter it becomes.”
Read
January 30, 2023I am struggling to give it a rating. To me, reading policy related books is very rare so this was hard to read, follow regardless of chapter. However, the point comes across as vividly as it needs to.
There are parts to the book that made me feel rather uncomfortable. I'm not talking about the multicrisis that's coming. I'm talking about some methods for stress reduction that included things that reminded me of hippy and new age activities. Perhaps I misunderstood the point, but many of the psychology related solutions and explanations like of "deep listening" evaded most of the best practices in the field. Why not propose active listening practices like mirroring etc - they're effective and proven.
So there was both new information and some confusion so I'm not grading it yet.
There are parts to the book that made me feel rather uncomfortable. I'm not talking about the multicrisis that's coming. I'm talking about some methods for stress reduction that included things that reminded me of hippy and new age activities. Perhaps I misunderstood the point, but many of the psychology related solutions and explanations like of "deep listening" evaded most of the best practices in the field. Why not propose active listening practices like mirroring etc - they're effective and proven.
So there was both new information and some confusion so I'm not grading it yet.
June 22, 2023
As someone who believes that our climate is changing, but also clinging to a belief that our leaders also believe and have a better understanding of the measures we need to take to take care of earth and each other, this was a sobering, yet important read.
Even if you don't know much about climate change or don't think it is something humans caused or should be responsible for, this book is a good exploration into being curious and expanding your perspective, which is what good books do.
I hope this book continues to find readers and sparks deep conversation and, maybe, establishing new hope in what we can do together.
It does read rather academic, but it isn't so scholarly that it loses you as a reader.
Even if you don't know much about climate change or don't think it is something humans caused or should be responsible for, this book is a good exploration into being curious and expanding your perspective, which is what good books do.
I hope this book continues to find readers and sparks deep conversation and, maybe, establishing new hope in what we can do together.
It does read rather academic, but it isn't so scholarly that it loses you as a reader.
December 31, 2023
I don't know how to rate this academic paper. As an academic paper should be, it is peppered with references. The first part is the evidence for calamitous climate change. I haven't been keeping up with the academic research, haha. This professor thinks it's convincing. He then writes about Deep Adaptation and how people can change the way they relate to others after the end of capitalism.
I'm afraid when I look beyond the collapse of supply chains and towards food shortages and mass starvation, I see theft and killing in large numbers. The idea that we are all going to become lovely people in the face of privations and panic is quite deluded. But very charming.
I'm afraid when I look beyond the collapse of supply chains and towards food shortages and mass starvation, I see theft and killing in large numbers. The idea that we are all going to become lovely people in the face of privations and panic is quite deluded. But very charming.
May 3, 2022
Some interesting thoughts (i.e., the chapter on education, the bits explaining the latest findings in climate science), but I did not find the “maplessness” concept of the book conducive to any interesting conclusions. Some chapters were outright not good (e.g., the one about e-s-c-a-p-e ideology read like a confusing waste of time to me).
November 17, 2023
Maybe it’s the benefit of reading it a few years (and lots of extreme weather) down the track but it all makes sense to me. We need to wallow in the horror of what lies ahead - and not look away - so we can have a more practical conversation about where to next rather than tinkering at the edges. Agree.
September 22, 2023
Me han interesado algunos capítulos pero se hace bastante repetitivo, además de que no se moja a la hora de augurar por qué cauces puede discurrir el colapso. Bien pero esperaba más. Eso sí, la edición, preciosa.
December 2, 2025
I read this a while back, probably when it was first published. Read it again today.
Pretty depressing.
Things have gotten worse, and we've had more evidence of everyone's lack of willingness to make even the smallest sacrifice to prevent disasters, so, yeah, hard to be optimistic.
Pretty depressing.
Things have gotten worse, and we've had more evidence of everyone's lack of willingness to make even the smallest sacrifice to prevent disasters, so, yeah, hard to be optimistic.
September 21, 2023
Vrij theoretisch en niet zo praktisch als ik had gehoopt.
August 28, 2024
Es un libro duro. A veces es complicado ser coherente con tus propios pensamientos.
February 26, 2025
sad face emoji
February 23, 2020
Powerful message, that we are past stopping climate change and we need to accept and adapt to society collapse. One star missing for lack of more background to what a collapse means in practical terms.
Displaying 1 - 27 of 27 reviews