This exquisite novella from the maestro Shamsur Rahman Faruqi brings together his various distinctive strengths that set him apart from any other other writer and scholar who has ever endeavored to take up these themes.
There is first of all his deep and nuanced knowledge of Hindustani history and literature, especially of Mughal and earlier Islamic history, Delhi and it environs, and the cultural, literary and intellectual traditions and personages of these places. Equally, his encyclopedic familiarity with period objects, artifacts, wardrobe, manners and customs, architecture and indeed also the local flora and fauna. Add to that his knowledge of Urdu and Persian etymology and dialect and his command over Urdu, Hindi, Rekhta, Persian and various local dialects. Part speculative fiction and part historical fiction, what is also on display is the impact of the fantastical - from western literature but most notably from local and regional fantasies and epics. It was inevitable given his status as the foremost dastan scholar and an authority on Dastan-e-Amir Hamza and Tilism-e-Hoshruba. I marveled too at his ability to create a sense of awe and the macabre in his magnum opus Kai Chand the Sar e Asman - most particularly the spine-chilling episodes involving the thugs. It comes powerfully into play here as well. In Sawar Aur Dosray Afsanay we find his brilliant depictions of famous late Mughal era Urdu poets and a recreation of their lives and times - his critical work on Meer Taqi Meer is of course considered to be the most authoritative research on the poet and his poetry. This penchant and capacity also manifests itself in this novella and we find some memorable characterizations. Hence, Qabz-e-Zaman can be regarded as a brilliant amalgamation of Shamsur-Rahman Faruqi sahib's various geniuses.
Gul Mohammad - a soldier from the era of Ibrahim Lodi - finds himself transported in the year 1620, roughly two and a half centuries into the future via a strange and disconcerting route through an open grave that reveals a fantastical abode which appears in hindsight to be a corridor between two very different eras. His narration of this highly disorienting and unsettling experience as well as his descriptions of life under the reign of Sikander Lodi and Ibrahim Lodi and subsequently during the reign of Shah Alam II are what make this a memorable reading experience.
The strange time travel type phenomenon owes its conception to the Sufic concept of the shrinking and experiencing of a vast span of time into a very short one (Qabz-e-Zaman; and this is spent and experienced in a waking state). The converse is the elongation of a short period of time thereby experienced as a very long one or Bast-e-Zaman. The notion of Qabz-e-Zaman, however, is different from what we find in Washington Irving's Rip Van Winkle, the Story of the Companions of the Cave, and the Bhagvat Purana - all of them show an elapse of time in a sleeping state. As to Bast-e-Zaman, however, I found a similarity with what Borges explores in his story 'The Secret Miracle' where a convict facing the death squad finds his wish come true so that he experiences his final moments as an entire year, thereby allowing him to complete his final and pending creative work. Faruqi sahib credits an episode narrated by Maulana Hamid Hasan Qadri in his journal Kanz ul Karamat as the inspiration for this tale.
There is fascinating speculation on part of Gul Muhammad as to what he is experiencing and questions about the nature of being, reality, time, parallel existences, sleeping, dreaming and death. On the other hand, the historian Faruqi dwells on the nature, the order and administration, the public works, the effectiveness and the benevolence of the Lodi era and its various achievements. Thereafter, he depicts a society two and a half centuries subsequent that is facing political challenges and unraveling but remains at a civilizational pinnacle. His hallmark in all this being the depiction of literary figures and gatherings and through Gul Muhammad we get to meet Meer Muhammad Ali Hashmat, Abdul Hai Taban, Sukh Raj Sabqat and many of their famous and more obscure contemporaries, peers and colleagues. There are interesting period comparisons - how the language has evolved and the retreat of Persian in the wake of the coming of age and self-confidence of Rekhta; the changing topography, architecture, dress codes and mannerisms of the city; the introduction of tobacco and greater presence of the English, European wine, gunpowder and canons etc., - which are delightful for anyone interested in these fascinating periods as well as generally in the handiwork of passing time and the transience of human endeavors. Equally enjoyable of course is the recreated dialect and how it undergoes changes over the two and half centuries, interspersed as it also is with Persian dialogue as well as grand descriptive Urdu poetry.
We are tantalizingly left unsure of what all happened to Gul Muhammad - whether he could find his way back or whether he perished in a battle during the late 18th century or whether his appearance to another in a later age is his latest avatar or whether he is somewhere lost in the labyrinth of time. We are equally left melancholic with the thought that after Faruqi sahib who is there to provide these grand sweeps of history, such granular details to bring entire eras to life, and such deftness and clarity in terms of excavating and revealing what has been covered under the deep murk of orientalist, nationalist and obscurantist misrepresentations and the thick patina of bigotry - a civilization vibrant, complex, and thriving at so many levels and in such myriad ways.
In summation, Shamsur Rahman Faruqi sahib was the master of the historical narrative. Of grand sweeps as well as granular details. In this novella he combines it with speculative fiction - after all he was the foremost scholar of dastan literature. The result is an exquisite book that builds on a particular Sufic concept of time, takes us to a journey during the time of Sikander and Ibrahim Lodi and then Shah Alam II, makes profound observations on the nature of time and existence, has an Alif Laila feel to it at places and yet also reminds us of his other great works of fiction as well as non-fiction, celebrates the emergence of Rekhta and the grand culture of Urdu poetry and poets, and reiterates his thesis about the civilizational and cultural solidity of what was otherwise a polity facing political and governance challenges. This is many books in one - something which only a person of his vast and deep learning could
accomplish.