The Family Tree

by Steph Mullin, Nicole Mabry

The DNA results are back. And there’s a serial killer in her family tree… Liz Catalano is shocked when an ancestry kit reveals she’s adopted. But she could never have imagined connecting with her unknown family would plunge her into an FBI investigation of a notorious serial killer… The Tri-State Killer has been abducting pairs of women for forty years, leaving no clues behind – only bodies. Can Liz figure out who the killer in her new family is? And can she save his newest victims before it’s too late? A gripping, original thriller for fans of My Lovely Wife, Netflix’s Making a Murderer, and anyone who’s ever wondered what their family tree might be hiding…

Genres: Thriller, Mystery, Fiction, Mystery Thriller, Suspense, Crime, Audiobook

400 pages, Paperback

First published June 10, 2021

Reviews

[Mandy White (mandylovestoread) · Rating 5 out of 5]

When I read the blurb for The Family Tree I knew that I had to read it. I love a good serial killer story and the twist in this one was brilliant. It was everything that I had hoped it would be and more - highly recommend it.

When Liz receives a DNA testing kits for her birthday from her cousin and roommate, the last thing she expects is to learn that she is adopted. As devastated as she is, she knows she needs to find her birth family. Who is she really? She finds a Grand Uncle not too far away from where she lives in New York and is thrilled. But it is not long before the FBI come knocking with more information on her family - her DNA matches that of a serial killer who has been abducting and killing women for 40 years and they need her help.

Tell me that does have you excited to read this.! It is as good as it sounds and you need to get your hands on it ASAP. Released June 10th, this is a must read for all you crime book lovers

Thanks to Avon Books UK and Netgalley for my advanced copy of this book to read.

[Michelle · Rating 2 out of 5]

Liz receives a 23 And Me DNA test kit from her best friend and cousin Addie. When her results come in they are both shocked when they realize Liz has been adopted. Liz then goes full throttle into finding out anything about her biological family when she is contacted by the FBI - She is related to the Tri-State Killer.

While the Tri-State killer has lain dormant for the last few years two college girls have recently disappeared making them wonder if he's back in action. His Modus Operandi has always been to kidnap two young women at the same time, usually roommates, and with a quick plunge of the needle in their necks their worlds turn black only to wake up in an actual nightmare.

Chapters go back and forth between Liz and the victims of the Tri-State Killer.

While I did find this premise unique, I especially liked hearing from the victims, this was kind of dull. There was no sitting on the edge of my seat in suspense. I found Liz to be a little too whiney and I hated the way she treated her loving adoptive parents. Honestly, she acted like a spoiled brat. The ending though is where this one really went off the rails. It felt like a cheat. (Rant spoiler below explaining why) The epilogue leads me to believe there will be a sequel. A sequel I will skip. 2 stars!

This is now the 2nd book I've read this month where the perpetrator is someone that has been dead during the entirety of the novel so of course you aren't going to assume them. And what happened to Adam? The creepy grand uncle? He just disappeared to never be heard from again. And now this Jack guy and his grandson Tyler are taking over where Frank left off after dying? These two only appear in the epilogue and are complete strangers to us readers. I got to be honest and say that's a whole lot of bullshit to swallow.

Thank you to NetGalley and Avon Books UK for my copy.

[Megan Collins · Rating 5 out of 5]

Chilling from page one, THE FAMILY TREE is a nail-biting exploration of a serial killer who’s terrorized a region for decades, and the woman whose identity is upended when she discovers she’s related to him. This twisted and twisty thriller is sure to keep you up at night—either because you can’t stop reading, or because you’re too afraid to sleep.

[MDenn · Rating 5 out of 5]

I got an ARC of this book and I'm so happy I did. (although I may pick up a hard copy once it's out, the colour and intensity of that cover, wow!) What a darkly twisted book with bouts of fun and humour. I loved Liz and Andie. I'm adopted myself which is why I gravitated towards this plot. But my parents were always up front about it. I can't imagine what it must feel like to be lied to your entire life. A betrayal that deep hits hard. In fact, I felt she may have even let her parents off a little easy, but understanding since they seemed such lovely people. The suspense around TSK within the victim's chapters was SOOOO creepy! I also found hints of feminism in the victims chapters which was not expected in their situation. I cheered for them quite a few times despite the punishments that inevitably came. I got up not once, but three times last night to make sure my windows were locked! Can't wait to see what these two come up with next.

[Tonya · Rating 3 out of 5]

This is a fast paced thriller that centers around a DNA link to a serial killer and the main character’s desire to have a connection to her biological family. Although I was entertained, some of it seemed a bit far fetched. I questioned many of the main character’s actions and felt they were implausible. I didn’t really care for the ending, but was engaged as most of the mystery unfolded. Overall this story was entertaining and a quick read. Thank you Avon Paperbacks and NetGalley for my copy.

[Sarah · Rating 5 out of 5]

This book was such a fun ride I had a hard time putting it down! I was immediately interested in it because it focuses on using DNA results in a public database to find a serial killer. This is a story that I had just started hearing about in the news/true crime genre (Golden State Killer - Gone in the Dark) but thought would be an interesting premise in fiction. Turns out it was a page turner for me which is exactly what I needed after being in a year long reading slump.

I loved how the chapters went between the serial killer’s POV and Liz in the present. Typically I hate dual timelines but the way it unraveled felt very clear and easy to follow chronologically. It also added to the story by helping me to piece it together from two perspectives in a unique way that felt unlike other dual timeline stories I’ve read before.
This book also features a normal girl who gets thrown into a criminal investigation as it happens. Since she came from such an ordinary world it helped to ground the shocking things going on around her. I also thought she and her cousin were well developed and had great banter between them that felt realistic. Especially for later scenes in the book as Liz begins to research and interact with her blood family.

As thrilling as this book was my favorite part had to be the cultural representation - Liz being raised in an Italian family then learning about her Mexican roots. A main protagonist is rarely ever a Hispanic woman so it was refreshing for me to read since I am Hispanic and hardly ever see representation in a lead character from this genre.

Overall, I think it’s great if you enjoy thrillers and if you are interested in a fast-paced read about how a DNA database could be crucial in a decades long ongoing case.

*I received an advance reader’s copy of this book*

[Emily Rachael · Rating 4 out of 5]

I was fortunate enough to access this copy pre-release from NetGalley and boyyyyy, am I glad I did!
I was truly hooked from chapter 1.
This is more psychological than true thriller I would say, which suited me perfect.
I loved the style of writing and the short, succinct chapters from the victims, it really left you wanting to know and hear MORE. I will say the main character is super frustrating and you find yourself saying “what the hell are you playing at?!” and I guessed SOME aspects of the ending but definitely not to the point where I would call it ‘predictable’
LOVED IT.

[Jeneva Rose · Rating 5 out of 5]

The Family Tree is a fresh, inventive take on the thriller genre. Brilliant and deliciously dark, it'll keep you enthralled until the very last page.

[M · Rating 4 out of 5]

Very creative premise! It feels like more and more people are taking these DNA tests every day, so while the idea of a serial killer being tracked through your family tree sounds far-fetched - could this advancement in technology make these situations uniquely possible?

I especially liked the investigation focus of this novel, which was surprising because that's usually my least favorite part. The forensics and few science bits we got were really interesting and worked for an investigation that was focused years in the past.

One thing that I wish would be more of a line-up of suspects, I think a few more characters added into the mix could add even MORE suspense. So for the whodunit aspect this lacked a little bit more for me, but still didn't take away my full enjoyment.

Thank you Avon Books and Netgalley!

[Helen Frost · Rating 5 out of 5]

Utterly captivating, dark and twisted an excellent read that I couldn’t bear to put down. The idea behind it is stunning, current and ingenious, that a killer is tracked down due to a genealogical DNA testing result. We follow the highs and lows of the main character, discovering all is not what it seemed with her current family, the excitement of discovering her real roots and ‘new’ family members to bond with and then the horror of the family secrets she might really discover. The narrative is believable, terrifying and edgy and there are red herrings along the way. I loved the ending, if indeed it is the ending, much as it was chilling.

[Shannon · Rating 5 out of 5]

Thank you to Netgalley and Avon Books Uk for the arc of The Family Tree by Steph Mullin And Nicole Mabry.

5 star read- This has a very interesting premise and plot to it and something in which I haven't seen in a book before. This follows and goes on about DNA databases and ancestry, to find a serial killer, it circulates between Liz's POV and the serial killers POV. This was such a page turning, gripping book had me on edge of my seat.

Highly Recommend
5 stars⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

[Annalisa · Rating 5 out of 5]

This book is very creepy. When Liz went searching for her birth family, she never thought it would rock her world. I was quite terrified by the circumstances in this book. It disturbs me on so many levels. That being said, I was also strangely fascinated by how smart the serial killer really is and how he avoided capture. I could not put this book down. I was drawn to the story. I finished this book in a weekend. If you like disturbing crime than this is the book for you.

[Adele Langhorne · Rating 5 out of 5]

Oh wow, what a cool, unique concept! I am now a fan of alternating chapters. As a true crime lover, I was on the edge of my seat when the golden state killer was captured. This book encapsulated every feeling I had at that time. The characters were well developed. Twists and turns galore. Hope these two are working on another book soon!

[Caroline 'relaxing with my rescue dogs' · Rating 5 out of 5]

When I got this book I just had to drop everything and read it. It was really really good and did not disappoint. The premise is really interesting - I remember a podcast re something like this recently. I loved the narrative device used it was very different.

These authors are definitely on my list now to watch out for.

It was so gripping that I read it all in one session.

I was given an advance copy by Avon and netgalley but the review is entirely my own.

[Lauren Totten · Rating 5 out of 5]

I thoroughly enjoyed this fascinating adventure! The ending is just WOW. I don’t want to give too much away but it was absolutely enthralling from start to finish - I honestly couldn’t put it down. The main character was easy to connect with and the chapters from the killers point of view are chilling. Really enjoyed the attention to detail that paints the picture of the time and culture of when these crimes occur. The authors paint such a colorful picture that it almost feels like watching a movie in my mind while reading. It really puts the reader right into the action which is what creates such beautiful suspense.

[Juliana · Rating 5 out of 5]

I’m not sure wtf that other reviewer is talking about. But the family tree had me hooked from the very first line. The characters were relatable and not some Mary-sue. The victims chapters had me turning on the lights in my own hallway. They were intense, but I couldn’t stop reading. I’m usually extremely picky about what I read and I’ll usually drop books early on if there bad. This was not one of them! I couldn’t put it down!
( I got this as an advanced readers copy for an honest review)

[Louise Wilson · Rating 4 out of 5]

Liz Catalano is shocked when an ancestry DNA kit reveals she is adopted. But she could never have imagined connecting with her unknown family would plunge her into an FBI investigation of a notorious serial killer. The Tri-State killer has been abducting pairs of women for forty years leaving no clues behind - only bodies. Can Liz figure out who the new killer in her new family is?

Liz Catalano gets an ancestry DNA kit from her cousin. When the results come back, Liz discovers that she was adopted as a baby. She wants to find out all about her biological family, but she won't like what she finds out. Then the FBI turn up at her door to tell her someone in her DNA family is linked to a serial killer.

This is why I wouldn't do a DNA test in case I didn't like what I found out. This turns out to be quite a dark read. The pace is steady and the plotline is gripping. The story is told from Liz and the serial killers points of view. This is an interesting read that held my attention throughout.

I would like to thank #NetGalley #AvonBooksUk and the author #StephMullin for my ARC of #TheFamilyTree in exchange for an honest review.

[8stitches 9lives · Rating 4 out of 5]

The Family Tree is a contemporary serial killer thriller about the shock of discovering you have a serial killer in your immediate family. 27-year-old Liz Catalano is in shock when a DNA test she purchased for her birthday from 23andMe reveals that she had been adopted. Along with her cousin and best friend Andie Catalano, she decides to look for relatives of her biological parents. But then FBI agents show up at her door. Her DNA shows similarities with that of a serial killer who has not been caught to this day. The Tri-State Killer is elusive: for forty years he's gotten away with kidnapping and murdering young women. He leaves no trace at the crime scenes, leaving the police completely in the dark. Liz decides to investigate on her own, revealing not only a family secret but also arousing the attention of the Tri-State Killer himself. Is it a dangerous quest with a gruesome ending or does Liz catch an unfathomable serial killer where the police couldn't?

This is both a suspenseful “ripped-from-the-headlines” story as well as a moving and sometimes humorous, picture of the intricacies of family and self-identity. It touches upon the popularity of genealogy testing and the effect that its evolution has had on crime investigations. It's compulsive and absorbing with a perilous mystery and enigmatic killer at its heart and Liz had no idea how much her life would change after carrying out a simple DNA test. It features a unique format where chapters alternate between present day with our protagonist, Liz Catalano, and short chapters diving into the mysterious active serial killer’s routine with his victims over a 40-year period. In the end, both timelines converge to reveal the killer’s identity, motives, and his relationship to Liz. This is fast-paced, exciting and thoroughly twisty entertainment. Highly recommended.

[Deborah Kriger · Rating 5 out of 5]

This book is terrific!!
I was drawn to the concept and I especially like the tag line. My intention was to read a few pages to just get the gist and flavor of the book. I usually prefer warming up to a book. However, this book was so intriguing I read the entire thing in one sitting!!!
It is fast-paced, as well as disturbing. The premise and delivery are totally believable, which adds to the discomfort. The details provided support the action and believability. The characters are well developed, making me feel as if I know them and can sense their terror. The main character, who is trying to solve the mystery, is intelligent and passionate.

While the structure of the book is unusual, it is written in a way that allows for a very interesting, comfortable rhythm. It is truly gripping and brilliant.
I highly recommend this book.

I can’t imagine that the reviewer who only gave it one star read the same book I did.

[SonnyJack · Rating 5 out of 5]

My girlfriend got an advanced copy of this and suggested I read it too because she liked it so much. She was right, (again)! This book is so cleverly formatted with alternating chapters done in a unique way I haven't seen before. The tension and suspense kept ramping up, punctuated with intense emotion and sometimes humor. The plot was exceptional, I didn't figure out who the killer was. I followed the Golden State Killer case closely so this one intrigued me from the get go. If I could give it more stars I would.

[Jasmine from How Useful It Is · Rating 5 out of 5]

This book was an excellent read! Loved the prologue and the first chapter. I was hooked as soon as I saw the second chapter because I’m always curious to know how the killer chose its victims. Those cliffhangers between the chapters were killing me! I liked a glimpse into different victims and their feelings. It was great that the story continued forward at each set of victims instead of a repeat of how the killer abducted them each time. The ways the women were being abducted were simple but people often were too trusting and they fall prey to it. The chapters with the victims were an intense and a thrilling read. I loved the epilogue chapter. It sounded like there will be a sequel.


This book started with a prologue showcasing a news article announcing the tri-state killer’s kill. Two college women’s bodies were discovered in an alley by the garbage bin. It’s the killer’s 22nd and 23rd total victims because the killer likes to kill young women in pairs. The view of the killer appeared briefly letting readers know that he was angry when police called his first single kill sloppy. Then the story began, told in the first person point of view following Liz. Liz, 27, roomie with her cousin Andie who’s only one year older than her. Andie gifted Liz a DNA ancestry test as a birthday present. The results ultimately was not what she was expecting. The next chapter dug into the details of the first victim. Chapter 3 went back to Liz where police visited her and informed her that among her new biological family there may be a serial killer that they have been hunting for and chapter 4 dug into victims 2 & 3 and so on. While Liz was excited to get to know her biological family, she was nervous whether the family she found could have been the serial killer the police was looking for. Liz who loved to dig for information also did her own research for the serial killer. There’s an epilogue at the end of the book.


The Family Tree was well written. I liked the idea of DNA testing. The organization of this story was great. Liz’s view was good but I get bored with her sometimes because she repeats a lot. I understand the need for women to discuss the same thing over and over again with multiple people like in her case with her roommate, the journalist, her mom, the FBI, the bartender, and herself about what she’s dealing with. The suspense was good as well as the reveal of the killer. The reading pace for the most part was fast. I just felt it dragged a bit where Liz was concerned repeating to readers multiple times about how she loved to dig for information. To be honest, Liz’s way of digging for information was risky when multiple people warned her to stop putting herself near the prime suspect. Then she showed up at the crime scene instead of reporting to the police was irresponsible. Besides Liz, other supporting characters were likable. Other than that, it was a good thriller and I recommend everyone to read it.

4.5 stars!

xoxo, Jasmine at www.Howusefulitis.com for more details

Many thanks to HarperCollins 360 for the opportunity to read and review. Please be assured that my opinions are honest.

[MicheleReader · Rating 4 out of 5]

Liz Catalano is given a DNA kit by her cousin and housemate. When the results arrive, they reveal more than expected. Her loving parents have to finally confess that Liz was adopted at birth. But when the FBI come calling, she is in for another shock. Her DNA connects her to the cold case of a serial killer who first appeared on the scene 40 years ago. While the Tri-State Killer has not struck in a while, the killer could still be on the loose.

In their debut novel, authors Steph Mullin and Nicole Mabry combine the fascination of DNA testing with the gruesomeness of a cold and calculating killer who captures and ultimately kills two women at a time. Liz is overjoyed to discover her maternal great-uncle, who provides valuable information on maternal birth side. Hoping to be a journalist one day, Liz is too curious for own good, rejecting the FBI’s advise to be careful and let them do their job.

Being someone who has taken a DNA test and has become ensconced in the world of genealogy, The Family Tree was a good match for me. (No killers discovered in my family tree.) The story is a good, original one. The crimes of the killer are detailed and chilling. While I liked Liz, I often felt frustrated by some of her actions. The story didn’t have as much heart-pounding tenseness that I seek in thrillers but it was a satisfying read overall. I’m looking forward to seeing what the authors come up with next. If you too are a budding genealogist, check this one out.

Many thanks to Avon / Harper 360 / HarperCollins and NetGalley for the opportunity to read this inventive book in advance of its October 5, 2021 publication.

Review posted on MicheleReader.com.

[Stacey · Rating 4 out of 5]

Liz Catalano recently discovered she was adopted. Her DNA submitted through an ancestry kit however, has also linked her to an ongoing investigation of a serial killer.

The Tri-State Killer has been abducting and killing women for over forty years, leaving behind minimal evidence.

Liz has been asked to assist in the FBI's investigation to discover the truth within her newly connected family. Will she be able to find which member of her family is a serial killer, or will she be the next victim?

**Great crime mystery! I did not work out who the killer was. The authors do a wonderful job leading the readers down a different rabbit hole.**

[Dawn · Rating 5 out of 5]

When Liz takes a dna test, the results shock her and her cousin, Andie. Liz learns there is a family link to a serial killer which leads her to an ongoing fbi investigation. Is Liz putting her own life on the line.

This was such a great read. I enjoyed having the two chapter points of view which really gripped without going into anything too horrific.

Thank you to netgalley and the publishers for this arc in exchange for my honest review.

[Reva B. · Rating 5 out of 5]

Got this on Netgalley for an honest review. Not sure what book the other reviewer was reading but this was written beautifully and paced well. The suspense ramps up at the end and I could not put this down! Unputdownable!

[Julie (JuJu) · Rating 5 out of 5]

Have you taken a DNA test? I just did and, so far, no skeletons have popped out of my family tree. Although none of my relatives (that I know of) have taken it. I was born before DNA was around, so I might eventually find some type of scandal, lol.

BOOK BLURB:
The DNA results are back. And there’s a serial killer in her family tree…

Liz Catalano is shocked when an ancestry kit reveals she’s adopted. But she could never have imagined connecting with her unknown family would plunge her into an FBI investigation of a notorious serial killer…

The Tri-State Killer has been abducting pairs of women for forty years, leaving no clues behind – only bodies.

Can Liz figure out who the killer in her new family is? And can she save his newest victims before it’s too late?

A gripping, original thriller for fans of My Lovely Wife, Netflix’s Making a Murderer, and anyone who’s ever wondered what their family tree might be hiding…

MY THOUGHTS:
Liz and Andie are cousins and roommates, living a great life. They both have good jobs, they get along great, and share a cozy apartment. Andie gives Liz a DNA kit as a Christmas gift. As you know from the blurb, this leads to her finding out she’s adopted and connected to a serial killer. WOW!

There were times I wanted to slap Liz because her desire for answers made her do stupid things! But this was a fantastic read and I loved it. These authors do an outstanding job and I would have loved to read it in one sitting. It alternated between two POV’s…Liz’s and each set of victims. The victims were so fascinating, I couldn’t wait to get to their next chapter. This killer was a monster!

And that twisted ending was the BEST!! This would make a great Netflix series. Can’t wait to get my hands on her next book.

Thank you to NetGalley and Harper 360/Avon. I received an ARC for free, and I am leaving this review voluntarily.

After publication, my reviews can be found on Amazon, Twitter, Instagram, GoodReads, Barnes and Noble, BookBub, NetGalley, and Edelweiss.

#thefamilytree #stephmullin #nicolemabry #netflix #bookstagrammer #juliereadzintherockies #harper360

[Kate · Rating 4 out of 5]

Thank you to Netgalley and Avon Books UK for an ARC of this book in exchange for an honest review.

I was so intrigued by the premise of this book, and this book did not disappoint! .  Imagine finding out you're adopted by doing a 23andMe test, and then having that test lead to finding out you're related to one of the most notorious and unidentified Serial Killers in your area.  This is what happens to Liz Catalano, when she is gifted a test by her cousin Andie.  Liz deals with a number of startling revelations and betrayals by deciding to face them all head on, and help identify the killer. 

I really enjoyed this story for so many reasons.  The plot was twisty and unusual with a satisfying ending.  Liz, her cousin Andie and her family were thoughtful and respectful people who worked together to heal when family secrets lead Liz to feel betrayed.  Most importantly, I really appreciated how the victims of the killer, are humanized and thoughtfully portrayed.  So often in books with serial killer villains, the killer is glamorized and the victims largely forgotten, and I like how the authors took their story in a different direction.

[Stace · Rating 4 out of 5]

Book Reviewed on www.whisperingstories.com

As a birthday present from her cousin and housemate Andie, Liz receives a 23AndMe DNA kit. When checking her results she discovers that her genetics seem to be different from her cousin’s and that there is no mention of her Italian heritage. Confused she rings her mum who tells her that she and her father need to explain something they have kept from her. Liz was adopted as a baby.

Deciding that she wants to find out more about her adoptive family she shares her results to see if there are any DNA matches without much success. She then is advised to upload her DNA details onto a site called GEDMatch where she can check for any matches across all genetic DNA sites. There was a tick box on the joining form which allows law enforcement to access the DNA. Liz knows that her mother was in prison at the time of her birth so she ticks it.

Not long after Liz receives a message from an agent working for the FBI who wants to talk to her about her DNA results and a familial link to a multiple homicide case they have been working on.

The Family Tree is an absorbing and gripping tale of one woman who by checking her DNA for her heritage not only discovers devastating information about her life but also frightening information that someone she is related to is a serial killer.

The serial killer has been killing for over forty years, choosing two women at a time and killing every two years. I loved that the book had chapters from each of the double murders and shows you exactly how the killer abducted his victims and the victim’s thoughts and feelings. This was something I hadn’t come across in a novel before.

Whilst I rushed through the book, reading it in a couple of days, and thoroughly enjoyed the exciting plot, I can’t say I liked Liz much. Her attitude towards her parents that had raised her since being a baby was atrocious. I understand she was hurt for not being told she was adopted but she went over the top and was quite whinny too which made her feel a lot younger than she was.

The story is quite intense and dark at times. I loved the uniqueness of it and the twisty thrill of trying to fathom out who the ‘Tri-State Killer’ could be. If you are looking for a thriller that stands out from the norm, this would be the one to read.

[Pamela Crane · Rating 5 out of 5]

The Family Tree offers a delightfully fresh concept as Liz discovers she's adopted and decides to dig into her ancestry. But when it leads back to a serial killer in her familial line, she's faced with a dire choice after she reaches out to her new family. Are they the infamous killer? Is it safe to keep searching for answers?

Packed with a fresh plot and page-turning pacing, you’ll have a chilling new perspective of DNA matching after reading The Family Tree. From the first page I was hooked as it ventures into the worst-case scenario of an ancestry search…right into the arms of a serial killer. One word captures it all: unputdownable.

[Staceywh_17 · Rating 5 out of 5]

This was brilliant! I couldn't put it down, it was a fast paced, page turner. First book I've read by these authors, but most definitely not my last. I love books that have several POV set in past & present as you can get a clearer picture of what's happening & why.

I haven't unearthed anything like this in my family tree yet, but can you imagine finding out you were an adopted child & you now had to work closely with the FBI as it seems one of your new found relatives is the Tri-state Killer 😱

Many thanks to Netgalley for my ARC in return for my honest review

𝗜 𝗴𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗯𝗼𝗼𝗸 𝗮 5 ⭐ 𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴