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Redemptive History & Biblical Interpretation: The Shorter Writings of Geerhardus Vos

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Emphasizing the historical character of biblical revelation, Vos was able to clarify the pervasive meaning of Scripture by bringing into view its basic structure. Far from an array of isolated proof texts, the Bible was, for Vos, an organism--its rich diversity giving unanimous expression of its redemptive message.

In Redemptive History and Biblical Interpretation , the shorter writings of this famed theologian have been gathered under one cover. The reader will discover here numerous major biblical and theological studies, selected addresses, and book reviews, as well as a 13-page bibliography of Vos's writings.

596 pages, Hardcover

First published May 1, 2001

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About the author

Geerhardus Vos

102 books86 followers
Geerhardus Johannes Vos was an American Calvinist theologian and one of the most distinguished representatives of the Princeton Theology. He is sometimes called the father of Reformed Biblical Theology.

Vos was born to a Dutch Reformed pastor in Heerenveen in Friesland in the Netherlands. In 1881, when Geerhardus was 19 years old, his father accepted a call to be the pastor of the Christian Reformed Church congregation in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Geerhardus Vos began his education at the Christian Reformed Church's Calvin Theological Seminary in Grand Rapids, before moving to Princeton Theological Seminary. He completed his studies in Germany, receiving his doctorate in Arabic Studies from the Philosophy Faculty of Strassburg University in 1888.

Herman Bavinck and Abraham Kuyper tried to convince Vos to become professor of Old Testament Theology at the Free University in Amsterdam, but Vos chose to return to America. Thus, in the Fall of 1888, Vos took up a position on the Calvin Theological Seminary faculty. In 1892, Vos moved and joined the faculty of the Princeton Theological Seminary, where he became its first Professor of Biblical Theology.

In 1894 he was ordained as a minister in the Presbyterian Church in the USA.

At Princeton, he taught alongside J. Gresham Machen and Benjamin Breckinridge Warfield and authored his most famous works, including: Pauline Eschatology (1930) and Biblical Theology: Old and New Testaments (1948). Despite his opposition to the growing modernist influence at Princeton in the late 1920s, he decided to remain at Princeton Seminary after the formation of Westminster Theological Seminary by Machen, as he was close to retirement. Vos did indeed retire to California in 1932, three years after the formation of Westminster.

Vos's wife, Catherine, authored the well-known Child's Story Bible. She died in 1937, after 43 years of marriage. They had three sons and one daughter, and their son J. G. Vos studied at Princeton Theological Seminary and also became a minister.

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Displaying 1 - 8 of 8 reviews
Profile Image for Timothy Bertolet.
72 reviews9 followers
August 2, 2011
This book is a must read for those interested in Biblical theology. There are some great chapters on 'Eschatology in the New Testament' and the 'Eschatological Aspect of the Pauline Conception of the Spirit.' The chapters on Hebrews are excellent, along with the chapter on Reformed Covenant theology. This collection of essays is outstanding along with Dr. Richard Gaffin's superb introduction.
Profile Image for Hobart.
2,734 reviews87 followers
December 17, 2024
This originally appeared at The Irresponsible Reader.
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“Jehovah appeared of old unto me saying, Yea, I have loved thee with ap everlasting love, therefore have I drawn out long lovingkindness unto thee” (31:3), in order to do justice to their sweetness and beauty. This is like coming out of the waste of the wilderness into a land of paradise. Even quite objectively regarded, the piece has its ineffable charm. It is like a landscape bathed in the glow of the harvest-season. In the farther distance winds the caravan of returning captives, coming homeward with weeping and supplication along rivers of water. The people are seen flowing unto the goodness of Jehovah, to the grain, the new wine, and the oil. In the foreground rises Judah with her cities, a mountain resplendent in holiness. And the whole is made musical by the sound of tabrets in the dances of them that make merry. Still, while a delight in itself, the scene, in order to be fully enjoyed, should be seen through the eyes of the prophet. It sounds like the notes of a bird finding its cage unexpectedly open, and with delirious joy exploring the new-gained freedom. For once the vision and the seer’s deepest desire are perfectly blended. The lyre thrills in unison with something that sings itself within and needs no composing. The words move in absolute harmony with the graceful movements of the dancing virgins in the feast. Surely this prophet bore within himself a great poet. One cannot help feeling this even in his litanies with their forecast of doom on the sin of Israel. But most effectively, it shows itself in the larger and freer rhythms of the ascriptions of glory to Jehovah. It is in part a poet’s satisfaction, that at the receding of the tide of vision, finds voice in the spontaneous words, “Upon this I awaked and beheld, and my sleep was sweet unto me” (31:26). For the prophets are the only true interpreters of the sleeping or waking moments in which God communicated His word unto them.


WHAT'S REDEMPTIVE HISTORY & BIBLICAL INTERPRETATION ABOUT?
Paraphrasing the Preface, the plan for this work was to include almost all of Vos's work that wasn't included in his "major works." But there was just too much of it—so Gaffin limited this to his shorter works that weren't sermons or that weren't dated. We get seven "Major Biblical and Theological Studies," sixteen "Shorter Biblical Studies," two addresses, and nine book reviews.

Those reviews "either deal with books of continuing influence or provide a valuable statement of Vos's own views."

MAJOR STUDIES
The book starts out with the heavy-weights of the collection20+ page articles on things like "The Eschatology of the New Testament," "The Range of the Logos Title in the Prologue to the Fourth Gospel," two (dynamite) pieces on the book of Hebrews, the Doctrine of the Covenant, and so on.

Most of these were worth the purchase price of the book as a whole—I've read entire volumes on some of these topics that didn't give me as much to chew on as these did. Most of what he said in his article on Biblical Theology has been echoed by Vos's students and readers for decades, so I didn't get as much from that one as I'd hoped—but it was nice hearing it from his own pen.

Basically, just an outstanding way to start this book, and a great way to spend 270 or so pages.

THE SHORTER STUDIES AND ADDRESSES
These were a mixed bag of focused and impactful articles and some that had to settle for being interesting and thoughtful. There was one article here that went largely over my head—and probably relied too much on linguistic scholarship that has probably shifted a great deal in the century +/- since it was written. Sometimes—especially in these shorter pieces—you can see that Vos also dabbled in poetry, because some of the phrasing is so lyrical.

The addresses make me wish we had video—or at least audio—recordings of him. I bet those were fascinating to hear—they're fascinating to read, but probably would give an extra punch when delivered. The first of the addresses, "The Scriptural Doctrine of the Love of God" is something I should read annually—at least.

BOOK REVIEWS
Dr. Denney’s latest book puts us under the strange necessity of heartily praising its contents and at the same time deploring most deeply the main purpose for which it was written. We confess to having seldom read a book productive of such a sudden and painful revulsion of feeling, from a sympathetic and enthusiastically admiring state of mind to one of sharp protest and radical dissent, as the work before us. Dr. Denney’s style and manner of presentation are so brilliant and yet so warm and genial, he carries us along so easily, so absolutely compels our belief in the irrefutableness of his argument, that, when he proceeds to make the disagreeable application, we find it more than ordinarily difficult to arrest the momentum of conviction acquired and turn our minds all at once in the opposite direction. The sense of disillusionment at the close is so poignant that it inevitably gives rise to the question, whether perhaps the profound agreement in which we imagined ourselves to be with the writer was not after all a delusion, arising from a misinterpretation on our part of the real drift of the discussion, so that, if we had only read more carefully and between the lines, we would have disagreed from the beginning. Whether the case lies actually as just stated or whether it is a simple instance of non sequitur between approved premises and a false conclusion, we find it extremely difficult to decide.

I really figured that the home stretch of this book contained in these reviews would be easy reading, and really something I could skim because who'd ever heard of most of these books? Wow, I could not have been more wrong (and, it had been months since I read the Preface, so I'd forgotten that "valuable statement of Vos's own views" part).

To start with, we get reviews of the first two volumes of Bavinck's Gereformeerde Dogmatiek (known in English as Reformed Dogmatics)—I wish we'd gotten reviews of all four volumes. What I found interesting here was how much what Vos said about these volumes matched what my friends, others in my Church, and I have said about Bavinck's writing.

Then we move to the books he wasn't quite so positive about—there are two books by Albert Schweitzer here, and I at least know a little about him, but the other names were new to me. I'm not positive, but I think that all but Bavinck fall under the "statement of Vos's own views." These all share a similar outline: a pretty glowing introductory paragraph, a quick synopsis of the work or its premise, and a very nice one-paragraph conclusion. He's largely complimentary in these parts, recognizing the labor, the experience, and the intelligence of the author. It's all the stuff in-between where Vos will talk about the many, many flaws of these works and will challenge the thinking, conclusions, and some of the basic assumptions involved. He is capable of appreciating the work and its strengths—and has no problem talking about them—but still talking about the faults, in a serious but not in an offensive or mean-spirited way. He really gives an example for his readers in that way.

He also does a bang-up job of working in those principles and types of argument that can be profitable, even if the works he's talking about have faded from almost everyone's memory.

SO, WHAT DID I THINK ABOUT REDEMPTIVE HISTORY & BIBLICAL INTERPRETATION?
Let us not forget, however, that as of all theology, so of Biblical Theology, the highest aim cannot lie in man, or in anything that serves the crea. ture. Its most excellent practical use is surely this, that it grants us a new vision of the glory of Him who has made all things to the praise of His own wonderful name. As the Uncreated, the Unchangeable, Eternal God, He lives above the sphere of history. He is the Being and never the Becoming One. And, no doubt, when once this veil of time shall be drawn aside, when we shall see face to face, then also the necessity for viewing His knowledge in the glass of history will cease. But since on our behalf and for our salvation He has condescended to work and speak in the form of time, and thus to make His works and His speech partake of that peculiar glory that attaches to all organic growth, let us also seek to know Him as the One that is, that was, and that is to come, in order that no note may be lacking in that psalm of praise to be sung by the Church into which all our Theology must issue.

This is not going to come as a shock to anyone who's read any of the things I've said about Vos in the previous four posts about his work, but this collection just knocked my socks off. I read an article a week and it was one of the highlights of the week for me to do so.

I learned a lot. Not just about Vos and his brand of theology, but about the Scriptures and the Lord who gave them to His Church so she would see Him and His glory in them.

The writing is fantastic. The thinking is even better. I had to think about a lot of this, to ponder and wrestle with it, and got to revel in it, too.

I can't think of a reason to not read this book—it'll reward careful reading (and casual reading, too—just not as richly). It's just great stuff.
96 reviews10 followers
May 19, 2012
Dr. Richard Gaffin compiled the most significant articles and reviews by Geerhardus Vos in 1980. This book provides the shortest path to the profound theological world of Vos.
67 reviews3 followers
January 28, 2018
Redemptive History and Biblical Interpretation: The Shorter Writings of Geerhardus Vos edited by Richard B. Gaffin Jr. is a masterful collection of biblical-theological essays and book reviews by one of the greatest Reformed thinkers of all time. Vos is widely known for his keen exegetical awareness and biblical-theological insight. This reputation is observable in his major works, such as The Pauline Eschatology and Biblical Theology, as well as Vos' shorter writings found in Redemptive History and Biblical Interpretation.

Redemptive History and Biblical Interpretation opens with a fascinating introduction by Richard B. Gaffin Jr. As Gaffin orients readers towards the content of the essays included in this volume, he provides essential context for the life and legacy of Geerhardus Vos. The volume is comprised of four major parts: (1) Major Biblical and Theological Studies, (2) Shorter Biblical Studies, (3) Addresses, and (4) Book Reviews. In part one, Gaffin has included seven significant essays that stand alone in terms of value. Readers familiar with Vos' work will find these essays insightful in relation to his larger literary output. In part two, Gaffin has brought together fourteen shorter essays on various issues related to biblical studies. A number of important essays are included here, such as "Modern Dislike of the Messianic Consciousness in Jesus" and essays on Paul's concept of redemption and reconciliation. In part three, Gaffin has included two of Vos' public addresses at Princeton Theological Seminary. Lastly, in part four, Gaffin has brought together a few relevant book reviews, including Vos' review of Schweitzer's The Quest of the Historical Jesus and Paul and His Interpreters. The volume concludes with a 13-page bibliography of Vos' works compiled by James T. Dennison Jr.

Redemptive History and Biblical Interpretation is an essential collection of essays for anyone influenced by or interested in the lifework of Geerhardus Vos and Reformed biblical theology. The range of these essays represents a long and productive career by one of the foremost Reformed thinkers of the past two hundred years. Each essay overflows with rich exegetical insight and biblical awareness. That said, most of the standout essays come from the initial 270 pages and include "The Idea of Biblical Theology as a Science and as a Theological Discipline" and "The Eschatological Aspect of the Pauline Concept of the Spirit." The primary shortcoming of the volume comes by way of the typeset, specifically the size and font of the Greek text. It's small and difficult to read but used somewhat sparingly and shouldn't hinder the overall usefulness of Vos' work therein.

Redemptive History and Biblical Interpretation: The Shorter Writings of Geerhardus Vos edited by Richard B. Gaffin Jr. is a collection of essays that the Reformed reader, especially the student of biblical theology cannot afford to be without. Vos is a theological giant and his work, even the shorter writings, remains influential and useful. It comes highly recommended and should be on the shelf of every theological library.
Profile Image for Jacob Aitken.
1,687 reviews419 followers
July 21, 2017
While a collection of individual essays, in many ways this is a coherent whole of Vos’s larger theology. We can review the material around several themes: biblical theology, covenant, and eschatology. While the prose is dense, and Vos does spend quite a bit of time dealing with dead Germans, there are numerous insights of biblical wisdom.

Biblical theology

The first feature of supernatural revelation is its historical progress (7). God doesn’t communicate the calm light of eternity all at once. God’s self-revelation proceeds in a sequence of words and acts. “By imparting elements of knowledge in a divinely arranged sequence God has pointed out to us the way in which we might gradually grasp and know Him” (7). Revelation is interwoven and conditioned at every point by the redeeming activity of

Eschatology

The two ages are increasingly recognized as answering to two spheres of being which coexist from of old, so that the coming of the new age assumes the character of a revelation and extension of the supernal order of things (28). Contrary to Platonism, where there is an ideal first and a physical (and probably inferior) copy later, Paul’s resurrection thought places the pneumatikon last, not first.

Covenant

His essay on the Covenant in Reformed Theology is worth the price of the book. The covenant idea dominates the work of redemption. Is this the equivalent of positing a central dogma? Maybe, but so what if it is? The question is whether it is correct or not. The work of salvation corresponds to the unfolding of the covenant and proceeds in a covenantal way. The CoR is the pattern for the CoG. Covenantal relation unfolds as the essence of the riches of the ordo. Image of God in man: for the Reformed image is not identified with the moral qualities of the soul.


Nota Bene

Perhaps the most interesting aspect is Vos’s exegesis of Romans 1:3-4, which overturns older manuals. Vos argues this can’t refer to two existing states in the constitution of the Messiah, but rather to two eschatological modes (104). The two prepositional phrases have adverbial force: they describe the mode of the process. The resurrection is a new status of Sonship.

Problem with the older view: it has to restrict σαρξ to the body, because Spirit is already psychologically conceived and thus takes the place of the immaterial element. Yet, this is the Apollinarian heresy. Secondly, it is compelled to take the κατα clauses in two different senses.

Conclusion:

Like all of Vos’s work, this is difficult, but it repays careful reading.
Profile Image for David Goetz.
277 reviews1 follower
October 8, 2018
This was somehow my first foray into Vos. He's the theological equivalent of the five-tool player. He did biblical studies well ("The Priesthood of Christ in the Epistle to the Hebrews"), biblical theology well ("The Idea of Biblical Theology as a Science and as a Theological Discipline," "Eschatology of the New Testament"), dogmatic/doctrinal theology well ("The Pauline Conception of Redemption"), historical theology well ("The Doctrine of the Covenant in Reformed Theology"), and polemical theology well ("The Alleged Legalism in Paul's Doctrine of Justification"). The two addresses and nine book reviews at the end were also worthwhile.

Hard to beat.
Profile Image for Alex.
296 reviews2 followers
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March 22, 2024
Only read "The Doctrine of the Covenant in Reformed Theology" sometime ago.
4 reviews13 followers
July 19, 2008
This is one of the most helpful theological works ever published. Its not an easy read, but it is well worth the mental effort.
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