I read Martin Bailey’s book Van Gogh’s Finale and was eager to read Starry Night: Van Gogh at the Asylum. Bailey’s engaging book demonstrates how the asylum and its environs impacted Van Gogh’s mental and creative life. Bailey writes that Van Gogh’s year at the asylum “witnessed a remarkable development” in his art, with more muted colors and more energetic, swirling brush strokes. His isolation from other artists allowed him to develop his own style.
The artist created one of the most beloved paintings in the world while during this time–The Starry Night, with its whirling colors of star-filled sky above a village with candlelit windows and a sliver moon shedding its golden light over the hillsides and orchards. I learned that the light area above the horizon was likely the Milky Way. The story of an ink drawing Van Gogh made of the painting, how it was looted during WWII and survived and was discovered and transported to safety, is amazing. Bailey discovered that the artist did not represent the actual sky as it would have been on the day of his painting, but used his imagination and memory to “create a stunning, highly personal vision.”
After Van Gogh’s breakdown that resulted in his mutilating his ear, he needed a safe place to reside. Saint-Paul-de-Mousole, near the town of Saint-Remy-de-Provence, was a better option than most ‘mad houses,’ with beautiful gardens and private rooms. Van Gogh resided there from May 8, 1889 to May 16, 1890. Bailey’s photographs of the hospital today reflect Van Gogh’s portrayal of the building in his time, the long hallways, the arched entry door opening to a fountain.
Bailey researched the patients at the asylum during the artist’s stay, and even met people from the village who had known the artist. He found what was perhaps the almond tree portrayed in the artist’s beautiful painting created for the birth of his brother’s son, and his namesake, Vincent Willem. The work was displayed in the family home while Vincent Willem was growing up.
Vincent Willem believed that his uncle’s breakdowns coincided with his father becoming engaged and starting a family, causing a fear of abandonment in the artist. Theo Van Gogh’s engagement was announced at the time Vincent had his falling out with Gaugin and his breakdown that caused his self-mutilation. The announcement that Theo’s wife Jo was pregnant precipitated another breakdown. Vincent was depended on Theo for art supplies and financial as well as emotional support, and he feared that with a wife and family that support would end.
Van Gogh would have spells of lucidity and productivity punctured by breakdowns and recoveries lasting several weeks. He was given an empty room for painting. When he was well, the doctor allowed him to travel into the countryside to paint. When ill, he tried to kill himself by ingesting his paints and other substances. After a year without a complete cure, Van Gogh left the asylum.
I always appreciate how Bailey enrichens my viewing of Van Gogh’s art. He notes that red pigments have faded and I can imagine the irises with a more violet hue, a pink sky a vivid red.
Many of the paintings were views from his workroom window, which had bars. He could see a wheat field, which he painted many times. Wheatfield in the Rain with its rain depicted by slashes of diagonal paint was inspired by Japanese art. It is a dismal scene.
It is horrifying to learn how many of Van Gogh’s paintings are lost. Portraits he gifted were unappreciated.
Bailey looks at the paintings by theme: enclosed garden, life inside, alienists (fellow patients at the asylum), wheat fields, the stars, the villages and landscape outside of the asylum, olive groves, cypresses, fellow travelers, self portraits, memories of his homeland, the almond blossom.
This October the Detroit Art Institute celebrates being the first American museum to purchase a Van Gogh work with a special exhibit, Van Gogh in America. I have my tickets already! There will be 70 works on exhibit. I can’t wait! And I appreciate Bailey’s books for preparing me to better interpret what I will see.
I received a free egalley from the publisher through NetGalley. My review is fair and unbiased.