شعرهای هشدار

by Erich Fried, سعید رضوانی (Translator)

اریش فرید در شعرهای هشدار به عنوان شاعرِ جهانی که تجربۀ جنگ جهانی دوم را پشت سر دارد، به دور از هرگونه خوش خیالی با مخاطبی که او نیز در همین جهان زندگی می‌کند، سخن می‌گوید، از فراموش کردن بر حذر می‌دارد و پنهان کردنِ عمقِ فاجعه را محکوم می‌کند. او در این مجموعه خود و مخاطب ِ خود را از خطرهایی که کماکان در کمین بشریت است، آگاه می‌سازد. این خطرها تنها به جنگ و عواقبِ آن محدود نمی‌شود؛ فرید بر هر آن چه انسانِ مدرن و جهانِ او را تهدید می‌کند، انگشت می‌گذارد. این است که هشدار دادن نسبت به از خود بیگانگی از محوری‌ترین تلاش‌های او در شعرهای هشدار است.

اریش فرید را از شاعران بزرگ آلمانی زبان در قرن بیستم می‌دانند. وی سال ۱۹۲۱ میلادی در وین به دنیا آمد و سال ۱۹۸۸ در بادِن-بادِن (آلمان) درگذشت. فرید، اگرچه نخستین بار با شعرهای عاشقانه مورد توجّه عامّۀ علاقمندان به شعر آلمانی قرار گرفت، چه در شعر و چه در زندگی همواره سیاسی بود و با جریان‌ها و وقایع سیاسی-اجتماعی مخرّبِ دورانِ حیاتش، از جمله نازیسم و جنگِ ویتنام، مخالفت کرد. موضع گیریِ سر سختانۀ فرید در دفاع از عزّت و آزادیِ انسان، بدون توجّه به مرزهای سیاسی، ملّی و جغرافیایی، او را در معرض حملات تند قرار داد و سال‌ها از توجّهی که در خورِ وی بود، محروم کرد، تا این که سرانجام در اواخر عمرش ارزش کار ادبی او دانسته شد و جوایز بزرگی چون «جایزۀ ادبی برِمِن»، «جایزۀ دولتِ اتریش» و «جایزۀ گِئورگ بوشنِر» به او اهدا گردید.

Genres: Poetry

279 pages, Paperback

Published January 1, 2013

About the author

Erich Fried was an Austrian-born poet, writer and translator of Jewish descent. He initially became known to a broader public in both Germany and Austria for his political poetry, and later for his love poems. As a writer he mostly wrote plays and short novels. He also translated works by different English writers from English into German, most notably works by William Shakespeare.

He was born in Vienna, Austria but fled to England after the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany in 1938. He settled in London and adopted British Nationality in 1949. His first official visit back to Vienna was in 1962.

During the war, he did casual work as a librarian and a factory hand. He arranged also for his mother to leave Nazi occupied Austria, as well as helping many other Jews to come to the UK. He joined Young Austria, a left-wing emigrant youth movement, but left in 1943 in protest at its growing Stalinist tendencies.

From 1952 to 1968 he worked as a political commentator for the BBC German Service. He translated works by Shakespeare, T. S. Eliot and Dylan Thomas, and Sylvia Plath.

He published several volumes of poetry as well as radio plays and a novel. His work was sometimes controversial, including attacks on the Zionist movement and support for left-wing causes. His work was mainly published in the West, but in 1969, a selection of his poetry was published in the GDR poetry series Poesiealbum, and his Dylan Thomas translations were published in that same series in 1974. The composer Hans Werner Henze set two of Fried's poems for his song-cycle Voices (1973).

In 1982 he regained his Austrian nationality, though he also retained the British nationality he had adopted in 1949. He died of intestinal cancer in Baden-Baden, West Germany, in 1988 and is buried in Kensal Green cemetery, London.

An Austrian literary prize is named after him - the Erich Fried Prize.

Source: wikipedia.com

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