How science fiction has been a tool for understanding and living through rapid technological change.
The world today seems to be slipping into a science fiction future. We have phones that speak to us, cars that drive themselves, and connected devices that communicate with each other in languages we don't understand. Depending the news of the day, we inhabit either a technological utopia or Brave New World nightmare. This volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge surveys the uses of science fiction. It focuses on what is at the core of all definitions of science fiction: a vision of the world made otherwise and what possibilities might flow from such otherness.
Sherryl Vint is Professor of Science Fiction Media Studies at University of California, Riverside. She is the author of Bodies of Tomorrow, Animal Alterity, and Science Fiction: A Guide for the Perplexed, coauthor of the Routledge Concise History of Science Fiction, and coeditor of The Routledge Companion to Science Fiction (2009).
Sherryl Vint is Professor of Media and Cultural Studies and of English at the University of California, Riverside. She is the author of Bodies of Tomorrow, Animal Alterity, and Science Fiction: A Guide for the Perplexed, coauthor of the Routledge Concise History of Science Fiction, and coeditor of The Routledge Companion to Science Fiction.
Many science fiction fans enjoy also reading books about science fiction (me included), so this addition to the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series is of interest - particularly as Sherryl Vint tells us that she isn't taking the usual route of a history or describing key works, but rather focussing on what 'science fiction can do, how it has been described by a variety of constituencies in distinct ways for multiple ends.'
Vint does recognise that science fiction is many things to many people - but rather than embrace this diversity, she seems determined to force it into a particular image (that you are only likely to appreciate if you can cope with somebody using ‘imaginary’ as a noun rather than an adjective). We are told SF is about change - but I'm not convinced that's accurate. It is about storytelling (which is hardly mentioned here) that asks 'What if?' - so it's not so much about change as things being different. The obsession with change produces an overemphasis on dystopias or reflecting particular groups’ challenges where these often make dull or worthy fiction. Vint just doesn't seem to get the point the reason many of us read SF is not to deeply consider important concepts - it's for enjoyment. To have fun. There's very little fun in this book.
This comes through, for example, in the description of the science journal Nature's decision to have a short SF story in each issue. Vint comments 'Acknowledging that imaginative speculations have their place in scientific histories and in discussions regarding policy making, the preeminent science journal Nature began to publish short original works of SF in 1999, initially as a project to reflect the turn of the millennium, but adopted as a regular feature, Nature’s “Futures” beginning in 2005...' I've contributed several stories to this series: when I asked someone at Nature about the reasoning, they found Vint's justification very amusing, saying that it was done because they could, and they wanted to have some fun.
Leaving aside the strange take on the nature of SF, there were one or two smaller issues. History of science (as opposed to science fiction) is clearly a problem, as we read about 'the widespread cultural interest provoked by Galileo's invention of the telescope.' We're also told that Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics 'have become a starting point for conversations about robotic design and the ethics of a world in which we increasingly interact with them.' Yet almost every book I've read about robot and AI ethics, if it mentions the three laws at all, it does so to quickly point out they are meaningless in practice and to move on.
It doesn't help that we sometimes get a heavy dose of indigestible academic English. So, for example, we read this remarkable single sentence: 'Design choices are the real-world equivalent of what the sf community call worldbuilding, that is, the coproduction of the social and its technology from existing cultural assumptions that create a set of constraints that shape future possibilities: how work and family structures intersect, what kinds of people are considered valuable and why, what is made easy and what is difficult to achieve and the like.'
In the end, this feels like a vegan telling you what a hamburger tastes like, based primarily on what a bunch of other people who don't eat hamburgers have guessed its chemical constituents to be. It's a curious, but ultimately unfulfilling experience.
I concur with most of the reviewers here that Sherryl Vint's 2021 contribution to the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series will become an essential tool for any SF syllabus or course that strives to be synthetic and still leave room for further elaboration. It has become simply impossible (and I say this by cheering this multiplicity) to try and squeeze all the new directions, compact all the heterogeneity and vivacity of contemporary SF into one book. When I think about other non-English, and quite ambitious attempts Niegeschichte: Science Fiction als Kunst- und Denkmaschine at approaching international, outernational and definitely planetary SF, no matter how thick, no matter how in-depth, they still feel incomplete and quite partial in what they provide in what they decide to include or to leave out.
All in all, I prefer S. Vint's take on it since she does not try to summarise the impossible but invokes everything of importance in today's world, clarifying why SF matters today even for those who care shit about SF for one thing. And secondly why we should look for it where one is not supposed to search for it or to find it.
Importantly she does not separate speculative fiction from - SF - in fact, she supports the inclusiveness and ambiguity of S.F. that is not just Science Fiction but is always -Speculative- at its core. In a small Glossary at the end of the book, "Speculative" is defined as "conjectural" or "extrapolative" and traced back to its use by Robert Heinlein in an essay from 1947. The use of speculative for Vint is important since it also points out to the way science as a concept has been complicit in the enslavement and extermination of non-Western others, as well as the dismissal and sidelining of non-Western perspectives and knowledges. One of the most interesting chapters is the one on "Genomics, the Microbiome and Posthumanism". Vint refers to bio-medicine several times in her book. My feeling is that our sociotechnical imaginary and theoretical appraisals are still quite undertheorized, still very much non-biotechnical and non- biological, and that COVID may have the possibility to change this. Medical SF and Intergalactic Hospitals (with the notable exception of James White Hospital Station) are still the odd ones out.
In the age of COVID, we need imaginative ways in which speculative fiction can question our negative biopolitcs as well as counter-actualize the commodification of life via biotechnolgies in order to insure the possibility of constructive biopolitics, one which might take into account the vernacular repurposing of tracking technologies (in China, Taiwan or Korea let's say), the 'health scare' aspect as well as the failing and ailing health care systems around the world that have been reducing costs and number of beds per capita. This I hope will get explored by Sherryl Vint in a future study Biopolitical Futures in Twenty-First-Century Speculative Fiction. We get a glimpse of that in here in the way cancer research and Henrietta Lacks immortal cell-line story is addressed, or the way historical abuses of African Americans, forced sterilizations as promoted by Social Darwinism or eugenics are mentioned or how Transhumanism has became institutionalized (largely via the work of Nick Bostrom) and how it now reflects the aspirations of multitudes everywhere that did not probably had the chance to open a book of SF (not to mention government policies).
First, I dare say that Sherryl Vint's small volume is the best way for anyone and everybody (nuub or just a passionate fan) to SF theory (and I consider myself the eternal nuub in this direction). Why is that has maybe to do with what could be blandly called the "can-do" spirit it (in tune with John Rieder) of much contemporary thinking (including thinking about 'agency' in the natural world of non human organisms). There is something actionistic, matter-of-fact and pragmatic in the best of ways (particularly in the way Isabelle Stengers defines pragmatism) in addressing ideas, situations and outcomes that seem to lie beyond the pale of established domains of knowledge and expertise. Almost automatically and without much ado, SF takes on what basically nobody dares touch upon, maybe because these are things both beyond the reach of philosophy as such or even beyond the current reach of science and technology (as Steven Shaviro Discognition likes to point out). Yes, her introductory volume cannot bring into its fold a lot of the recent SF (just thinking about all the new EN translations from Korean, Latinx, Indian, Arab, Iranian, Chinese, Indonesian etc works of a truly globalized SF - for #SFintranslation one needs to follow Rachel S Cordasco on X/TW). Nevertheless, Sheryl Vint pays due attention to AfroCyperPunk, or the stakes of how environmental activists draw upon the SF imaginary, or how it has become a vital mode of critique for writers of color, indigenous, Latinx or Asian diasporic.
But this small tome manages to do something else while tracing all these various improbable engagements of SF with our current reality. From the core of the US academia, it reflects on what still remains to be done, completely aware of its own limitations and all the various forces that have shaped SF as a tool "for understanding and living through rapid technological change" (as the quip on the back sleeve makes clear). It is not a science fiction studies book, but she does incredible work in summarising a lot of essential work done in SF studies, cyberfeminism and postcolonial SF studies (Jameson, Suvin, Luckhurst, Rieder, Csicsery-Ronay Jr etc) along with SF philosophical groundwork (Ernst Bloch, Baudrillard, Haraway), fan studies (Henry Jenkins) as well as any fallout from STS (science and technology studies) or say history or sociology of science that one can use. STS scholar Sheila Jasanoff defined "sociotechnical imaginary" as:
"collectively held, institutionally stabilized, and publicly performed visions of desirable futures, animated by shared understandings of forms of social life and social order attainable through, and supportive of, advances in science and technology".
this is taken by Vint only a starting point since there is more at stake. A SF tool kit is here to help out to discern and follow-up on such imaginative jumps and so critically hone and interrogate who is part of this "shared understanding". Especially now since there is so much uncritical intensification and push for 'relentless' (the ominous mantra of Amazon) "Innovation" and "Disruption" in all areas of 21st c life. With expanding collapse studies, more X-Risk assessments, and the current practice of doomscrolling, her book makes our world as already ongoing and unfinished SF. She follows various strains that do not immediately strike one as SF proper - but this is just important proof of how invisible, completely unspectacular or inherently SF everything has become in the 21st century. Not even 1985 Haraway's observation in the Cyborg Manifesto about the difference btw social reality and SF being an optical illusion does it justice anymore. What we have been witnessing in the first decade of the 21 century was how the everydayness of SF via multimedia almost instantaneous mainstreaming (TV, radio, movie, YT, 4chan, 8chan, streaming services etc) as well as what Dan Hassler-Forrest recent contribution to The New Routledge Companion to Science Fiction calls "Transmedia and Franchise SF" came to roost. The banality of media conglomerates churning prequels or supplementary expanded universe (MCU) series or political leaders/tech billionaires talking about AIs, Transhumanism or say youtubers weighing in on the impact of crypto currencies, the Economics of Financialization or NFTs (all ways of experiencing economy as a kind of sf) is ample proof of how we indulge our current "sociotechnical imaginary" and how such chitchat is to be heard at Davos meetings as well as finding its own vernacular street level usages.
Reading a discourse like this was helpful in putting names to themes within sci-fi that are attractive to me. Not surprising, the chapter on Genomics, the Microbiome, and Posthumanism describes a set of sci-fi questions that I find fascinating, be it Bujold’s exploration of clones in Mirror Dance or Martine’s postulation of fungi conferring humanity in A Desolation called Peace. The questions of what make us human, when do (or don’t) we see the other as human, and how can we come to value and respect the other are all questions that attract me to this genre.
I was a bit disappointed that there were such limited references to books written in the last ten year but I did like seeing the historical linkages within the thematic areas that Vint chose for the framing and also that she included movie references along with books.
我的kindle裡有一本書《Gaslight: Lantern Slides from the Nineteenth Century》,透過燈影迷離的幻燈片視角,檢視19世紀如何形塑20乃至21世紀的今日世界,這種文化語境的探索太過奧妙,三言兩語難以道盡,等我哪天讀完這本書有力氣再來寫寫讀後感~自己讀了那麼多書,已經理解何謂歷史是一種動態的延續,引領人類的思潮其實有脈絡可循,可惜21世紀的今天竟然是快樂哲學在牽引大眾。偏偏我喜愛的閱讀主題又是這種”旁門左道”,唉…不過murmur這種主題也不會炎上,也是不錯!
這本書是麻省理工學院出版社推出的一系列精緻書系MIT Press Essential Knowledge Series,我已經成為本書系的死忠讀者了,正如書介these compact volumes offers readers a point of access to complex ideas,碎片化時代的學習已經索然無味,還好在資訊超載的同時,出版業依然有這種與時俱進的用心,把篇幅縮減至穠纖合度的腰身,摟起來超級舒服啦! 打個不恰當的比喻,這些書就像選妃,每一位都國色天香,況且在知識的領域並沒有一夫一妻制,所以讀者大可開後宮,所謂環肥燕瘦,但現代崇尚瘦身,共享良辰美景,夜夜春宵,昨夜雨疏風驟,卻道海棠依舊。
1960年代也是我最愛的Philip Dick創作的高峰期,此時歐美開始重視精神分析、迷幻藥、生態保育等社會議題,並成為SF創作的題材。1980年代網路普及,賽博龐克於焉成形(電影也有《銀翼殺手》、《阿基拉》、《攻殼機動隊》等)。1990年代蘇聯解體,全球化浪潮崛起,SF也迎來另一波高潮,科幻很適合作為一種詮釋的框架,用來建構/解構資本主義、去殖民化、身分族裔等議題。過往主流的科幻作品都源於英美,21世紀以後不同國家的科幻作家都開始著手將科幻敘事套用於腳下的土地。越來越多不同國籍的SF作家角逐讀者的眼球,中國科幻作家劉慈欣、郝景芳都各據一方山頭,美國的劉宇昆、姜峯楠也都將中國元素融入作品之中。我之前看創新工廠甚至還邀請科幻作家一同參與AI寫作計畫,現實已經比科幻更真實,紅藥丸還是藍藥丸? 我可能會犬儒的吞下藍色(小?)藥丸^^,Welcome to the Matrix! 好期待12月的駭客任務回歸啊!!
Dr. Sherryl Vint supplies a run-down of the science fiction works and scholarship that address a specific set of contemporary issues. The introduction establishes the point that the traditional history of science fiction is not the only one, and also establishes the premise of the book: "This book is neither a history nor a survey of sf, but a selective description of the genre as something like a toolkit for thinking through urgent issues in social life today." More specifically, the first few chapters covering the utopian tradition, science fiction's history with actual science, the colonial history of science fiction and the movement away from that history, and its relation to AI and transhumanism. Later chapters cover genetics and the posthuman, environment and climate-related science fiction, and economic-oriented science fiction, which a brief conclusion that restates the point that science fiction can be used to address important issues in the contemporary world.
The book isn't really a thorough examination of science fiction; Vint's Science Fiction: A Guide for the Perplexed is a bit older (2014) but does that much more thoroughly (and it was one of my major introductions to the scholarship of the genre). Nor is it a survey of the genre; the Routledge History of Science Fiction (which she was an editor on) does that better. It is an excellent launchpad, however, for explaining science fiction's relation to each of the seven main topics, and where to go both academically and fictionally for more. And that, I think, is the goal for the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series--not so much to be the definitive voice on their subjects, but an index or starting point of sorts to help towards them. Personally, I found the economics chapter to be the most useful, as it's an area I'm much less familiar with. It's a quick read, and potentially a very helpful one, especially for someone who knows they want more on one of its focus subjects.
Part of the MIT Press Essential Knowledge Series, this book is a survey of what Science Fiction is and intriguingly what Science Fiction DOES. It's thoughtful and well written, and I must say, an excellent source of suggestions of what to read in the genre. Does Science Fiction predict the future or is it more a reflection of our fears and desires for the technologies we see emerging around us? Why has Science Fiction been the red-headed step child of genres, not taken seriously by the trend setters of literature? The author looks at Utopian works, how the "Golden Age" of Science Fiction was based on white male colonial tropes, Robots, AI, The apocalypse, the Anthropocene, Economic Sci-Fi, the future of biology - and I didn't see this coming - the microbiome. Finally, she points out that more people are reading Science Fiction than ever before, probably because the issues the genre explores have become so central to modern life.
Essential knowledge. I like that simple phrase. There are things people should know, and MIT has a publishing house that releases short books that cover subjects by knowledgeable authors. In this case it is a volume on Science Fiction by Sherryl Vint, from UC Riverside's Media and Cultural studies department. I really enjoyed this little book.
It is not a history of sci fi. It is not a critique of sci fi. It is an explanation of sci fi as a genre. The author views sci fi as a tool for understanding our world as it rapidly changes around us. She describes the genre as "a Janus-faced discourse" that enables readers to critique injustices and to inspire readers to work for a better future.
I enjoyed the sections on robotics, genomes, and economic issues in sci fi. The book comes with an excellent glossary and suggestions for further reading on the subject. Thank you MIT Press.
The Persians have the bane of being described and characterized by their enemies, the Greeks, for the historical record. From this book, Sherryl Vint has nothing on the Greeks in her vituperative description (or perhaps misdescription) of the field of Science Fiction, but fair being fair her bias and shallow understanding is normally shared by both academia and the major news organizations, when the dien to acknowledge SF's existence at all. I had thought that now with the cultural dominance enjoyed by the realm, the Spiro identified, "nattering nabobs of negativism" would reconsider their position, but no. There is nothing to recommend, except that the actual presentation is as professional as the entire line of the MIT series, too bad the content does not reflect it.
To be clear, as Sheryl Vint writes, this is not a history of science fiction or science fiction's works. It is a look of the the different themes science fiction can tackle: Utopian, Futurology, Colonialization (looking at us approaching alien worlds and being invaded), Robots, AI, Transhumanism, Genomics, Microbiome, Post-humanism, Environment, and Economics. Vint is not interested in talking about the literary side of things, but more interested in how the genre talks about society and how the genre influences the future of science. It is a crunchy, dry read, but it was not unreadable. There were a couple of chapters that flew for me and others that were a drag to get through and I think which chapters worked for me will not always be the ones that work for you as interests vary.
This was my first foray into the MIT Press Essential Knowledge Series and I will likely go back for more in the future. Vint's book attempts to cover an extremely large amount information and succeeds in some areas more than others. There were some topics that felt overdone and others that were completely overlooked, but I guess that just comes down to personal preference.
The further reading section was well done and very helpful. The choice to only include 3-4 books per chapter/topic was concise and helpful. I would recommend this, but as a first and not final stop regarding the subject of sf.
Tengo debilidad por los ensayos que reflexionan sobre la ciencia ficción, por lo que no dudé en comprarme este de la colección de Essential Knowledge del MIT. Sherryl Vint toma la decisión de no hacer un recorrido lineal sobre la historia del género, sino que traza diversos itinerarios de cómo la ciencia ficción es un lenguaje literario que ha servido (y sirve) para tratar grandes temas de la humanidad. Y lo hace diseccionando, precisamente, algunas obras y tendencias que se ha enfrentado a dichos temas, con especial atención a la de las últimas décadas.
A cualquier aficionado a este tipo de ensayo creo que le resultará sugerente su lectura.
This installment of the extraordinary MIT Press Essential Knowledge series sets out to describe what sf (science/speculative fiction) can do, especially as in instrument for living into possible futures. The author does not claim to offer a thorough survey of sf, but nevertheless opens paths for further exploration of masterworks, drawn from both written and visual media. The serious sf reader (and writer) will found countless stepping-off points as well as interesting critical and philosophical texts directly relevant to the key ideas.
Expecting a history or survey, I instead found a thoughtful literary analysis of the genre. While sometimes overly academic and jargony (despite my taking a English seminar in college on science fiction), the overall book is well worth reading for fans of the genre. Those who have read less science fiction may find it less meaningful, but still worth it! It is a quick read and orients the reader to authors and subgenres such as kim Stanley Robinson or Octavia butler. overall it earned its 5 stars for its expert and thorough analysis of the genre.
What if we could choose the future? What if we do already? ✨
I may not be good at reading science fiction, but I can surely read about it! 🤦♂️
Cosmos, genomics, apocalypse, robots, and post-humanism.. How many books and movies do we have yet to implement in real life? If you could, would you create a clone for longer life? That's right.. it is not only about extrapolating possible, but also implications on the norms.
The book is relatively dry, but not too bad to read once.
I've been looking for a monograph on SF to leverage in several of the undergrad courses I teach; this, at last, is the one. Accessible, concise, eloquent, poignant. Vint pulls together so many vital lines and ever with an approach to SF as what it's becoming.
This book was informative and interesting. Vint does a great job of discussing a good mix of movies and TV. This book is not a book of recommendations. Instead, Vint explores the themes of sci-fi and how it reflects and predicts society.
This short book is packed with insights on what science fiction offers us and on how it has changed over time. I particularly enjoyed the chapters on robots and genomics. I would have loved to see more explorations of time travel, Galactic empires, and the metaverse, but nevertheless this was a thoughtful and stimulating read.
This book somewhat managed to encapsulate the essence of sci-fi genre and how it plays an important part in the modern world. A recommended read for sci-fi fans or readers who are curious about sci-fi.
Bland overview of scifi with some observations worth considering as a fan of the genre. But nothing too interesting so it was difficult to get through.