Jump to ratings and reviews
Rate this book

Atomic Steppe: How Kazakhstan Gave Up the Bomb

Rate this book
Atomic Steppe tells the untold true story of how the obscure country of Kazakhstan said no to the most powerful weapons in human history. With the fall of the Soviet Union, the marginalized Central Asian republic suddenly found itself with the world's fourth largest nuclear arsenal on its territory. Would it give up these fire-ready weapons—or try to become a Central Asian North Korea? This book takes us inside Kazakhstan's extraordinary and little-known nuclear history from the Soviet period to the present. For Soviet officials, Kazakhstan's steppe was not an ecological marvel or beloved homeland, but an empty patch of dirt ideal for nuclear testing. Two-headed lambs were just the beginning of the resulting public health disaster for Kazakhstan—compounded, when the Soviet Union collapsed, by the daunting burden of becoming an overnight nuclear power. Equipped with intimate personal perspective and untapped archival resources, Togzhan Kassenova introduces us to the engineers turned diplomats, villagers turned activists, and scientists turned pacifists who worked toward disarmament. With thousands of nuclear weapons still present around the world, the story of how Kazakhs gave up their nuclear inheritance holds urgent lessons for global security.

384 pages, Hardcover

First published February 15, 2022

23 people are currently reading
512 people want to read

About the author

Togzhan Kassenova

5 books5 followers

Ratings & Reviews

What do you think?
Rate this book

Friends & Following

Create a free account to discover what your friends think of this book!

Community Reviews

5 stars
49 (53%)
4 stars
33 (36%)
3 stars
8 (8%)
2 stars
1 (1%)
1 star
0 (0%)
Displaying 1 - 9 of 9 reviews
Profile Image for Grace.
3,341 reviews218 followers
January 22, 2024
Around the World Reading Challenge: KAZAKHSTAN
===
This was such a fascinating read! While I've tried to primarily read fiction in this challenge, sometimes non-fiction is all that's available, or there's a non-fiction read that seems particularly compelling. This was was a well-researched and quite thorough telling of the nuclear testing that the Soviet Union conducted in Kazakhstan, and the lasting impacts of that on the people and country as a whole. I enjoyed learning more about this country and what they've gone through, and though this is a topic that can get quite dense and technical, I never found the style to be too dry or academic.
Profile Image for Brian.
28 reviews3 followers
March 21, 2022
A breezy and compelling introduction to Kazakhstan’s nuclear past and future, as well as broader nuclear disarmament dynamics. Kassenova tells the story of nuclear testing in Kazakhstan from its beginnings in the Cold War, to the Nevada-Semipalatinsk movement against testing as the Soviet Union fell, to the new republic’s negotiations with the United States and Russia to give up its weapons forever. Although Kassenova is an academic, she presents the material in an approachable manner, like a knowledgeable friend telling you about their research over a drink or a meal. Highly recommended!
1 review
December 28, 2022
An excellent, well researched and passionate read about a crucially important but understudied topic. Kassenova combines a touch for conveying human stories with a detailed understanding of diplomacy, bureaucratic political system and popular movements. I was also struck by how well she connects the events she discusses with wider global politics. And she manages all of this while remaining highly accessible despite what is often a dense and technical topic. I highly recommend this excellent book to anyone interested in nuclear security, the post-Soviet states and US diplomacy, and more generally as a shining example of socially engaged and accessible scholarship.
2 reviews
March 9, 2025
Togzhan Kassenova's Atomic Steppe is the book to read for anyone interested in Kazakhstan's role in the Soviet Union's nuclear program, the effects the nuclear program had on the steppe, and Kazakhstan's nascent government's efforts to negotiate with other governments to "give up" its nuclear material and weapons. Kassenova's volume goes into great detail on the consequences that the Soviet Union's decades of nuclear testing had on the natural environment and, more importantly, its people. Kassenova's book is split into two sections: the program itself and its active consequences; the fall of the Soviet Union, the diplomacy to disown the remnants of the program, and the program's long-term consequences. Kassenova does not editorialize much and is successful in her endeavor to present the story as it happened, using archival documents, historical news reports, and direct interviews with the people who both participated in and were affected by the Soviet Union's nuclear program in Kazakhstan. Her ability to let the story speak for itself highlights her academic rigor, presenting the successes and failures of the nuclear program in conjunction with the heart-wrenching stories of victims of that same program. This book is a perfect fit in Central Asia's growing body of post-colonial literature and is a must-read for anyone interested in Kazakhstan's colonized history and its independent present and future.
287 reviews
January 16, 2026
Wow! This is a deep dive into the Soviet construction and testing of the bomb at the Kazakhstan Polygon facility. While it was a moment of triumph for the author does not let you dwell on that and you move onto the long-term health effects of the nuclear testing on the Kazakh people. The book then moves onto the chaotic Soviet dissolution and the nascent struggles of a newly independent Kazakh state. It also discusses the Start I treaty and Kazakhstan's abandonment of nuclear weapons. Although, there seemed to be a lot of confusion over the Polygon, with the Soviets grabbing everything of nuclear value without Kazakh approval and privatization chaos ensuing. The book then returns to covering the long-term health effects of the communities near the Polygon and the long-term clean up effort. Even though Russia is the successor state to the Soviet Union, it bears none of the clean up costs from its prestige projects.
Profile Image for Michael Davis.
80 reviews
March 30, 2025
The Soviet Union conducted a lot of their nuclear tests in the Steppe region of Kazakhstan. Once the USSR dissolved it poses a large challenge on what Kazakhstan had to do right the weapons. The story explored the intricate geopolitical landscape the government operated in the get rid of the weapons but also obtain security assurances from nuclear powers. Really interesting and informative story that explains how the government successfully got rid of nuclear weapons to ensure bad actors or rogue states did not get them. It also explores the environmental and biological effects on residents. The leaders of the USSR did not care for the safety of local citizens while conducting tests and there are biological effects these individuals still suffer with today.
Profile Image for Medet.
10 reviews1 follower
September 3, 2025
Кең байтақ жеріміздің қасіреті жайлы жазылған ауқым еңбек қазақ тіліне өткен жаздың аяғында шыққан. Шығуынан бірнеше апта өткеннен кейін Кітап Фесттен алып, бірден оқып бастадым.

Академиялық, фактілер мен деректерге толы, тиянақты еңбегінде автор әңгімені шамамен бір ғасыр бұрынғы Қазақ даласындағы жағдайды, соғыстан кейінгі АҚШ пен Кеңес өкіметінің жаппай атом қаруын күшейтудегі жарысынан бастайды. Біреуге қасірет пен қайғы болған бұл жарылыстар басқа үшін тек қағаздағы статистика еді. Оны оқу ауыр тиді. КСРО ыдырап, алғашқы бес жылда болған тәуелсіз Қазақстанның тарихындағы ядролық қаруға қатысты оқиғалар шытырман кино секілді. Әлі де жазылмаған жарадай, бұл тақырыптың бетін ашып жазу - ауыр.

Кітаптың бірінші жартысын қазақша оқыдым. Кейін ағылшын тілінде бітірдім. Үш жүз бетті жарты жыл оқыдым ау шамасы. Оқу қиын болғанымен, ғылыми және академиялық тілдің қазақша нұсқасы оқудың қарқынын одан әрі бәсеңдетті. Әсіресе ядролық физикаға қатысты терминдер, геополитикаға байланысты сөздер де өз ықпалын тигізді. Автордың өзі еңбегін ағылшын тілінде жазғандықтан, сол тілде оқу жеңілірек болды. Терминология мен ғылыми стильдегі қазақша мәтіндерді оқу бізде енді қалыптасып келеді, және менің ойымша, атар таңы әлі алда.

Ғылым тілі ағылшын болғанымен, тарих біздіңкі.

“Аштық жайлаған дала” да қазақша қиын болып еді бірнеше жыл бұрын. Алайда, қиын екен деп, оқымай қоймаймыз, ешкім оқымаса, сұраныс болмаса, онда коммерциялық тұрғыдан тиімсіз болғаннан қазақ тілінде ғылыми кітаптар шықпай да қалуы мүмкін.
Оның үстіне, бұл кітаптан ғылыми еңбектің қалай құрылатынын байқауға болады – соңғы төрттен бірі тек сілтемелер мен дереккөздерге арналған.

Не болса да, бұл еңбек өте маңызды, оны оқып, тарихты түсіну де өте маңызды. Ұлт болып өскіміз келсе, өркендегіміз келсе, тарихымыздың қуанышы мен қасіретін қатар біле жүрейік.

Шынболат атамыздың шыбын жаны шырылдап айтып кеткен “Шындық” толғауынан мына сөздері осы кітапты оқығанда жиі ойға келді:

Туған елдің қазынасының бәрін ап,
Ұрпағымыз кейін немен жарымақ?
Полигон боп Абай, Мұхтар жүрген жер,
Атом неге тек Семейде жарылад?!

Бұл сөзіме түсінер-ау есі бар,
Кімнің қандай ала-алмаған өші бар?
Ел жоқ, күн жоқ тундралар тұрғанда,
Қазағымның даласында несі бар?
Displaying 1 - 9 of 9 reviews

Can't find what you're looking for?

Get help and learn more about the design.