Born in the cradle of upper-middle-class privilege in a Bombay Parsi household and educated at one of India’s finest schools, Kobad Ghandy’s life and career could have scaled heights in the bustling world of corporate finance. Only it did not. Instead, he chose to declass himself and to become a radical activist working for the oppressed of the country. Shocked by the racism he witnessed in the UK as a student and learning of the horrors of colonial rule in India, he determined to serve those struck the harshest by the cruel inequalities of his country.
Fractured Freedom takes you through the journey of an honest man and his partner, Anuradha, to a difficult destiny. Here is a story of people who dedicated their lives listening to their hearts pouring with empathy and service for the marginalized, and who believed that true revolution required direct action for a more human and just society. Part memoir, part prison diary, Ghandy bares it all looking back at their lives, love, loss and politics, so intrinsically tied together. Having languished in Indian prisons for over a decade, he tells of his long incarceration, of his fellow prisoners, and of the Kafkaesque experiences with the Indian legal system sending shivers down one’s spine. This is the candid and unfiltered account of how an unjust system breaks the brave and bold hearted. A story of a life in extremes – the height of privilege and the depth of despair, a story of our times, of a path many would shy away from.
'Many ask me that while people from my background, in their youth, often turn communist, but, as they grow up, they settle down with family and jobs, leaving their idealism behind – why did you and Anu not follow this norm and trend? Well, I don’t really know; with the comforts we had been used to, it was no doubt, difficult living a frugal existence, traveling in crowded buses and trains and eating simple food. It would have been far easier to settle down with all the inherited wealth. But then, when I think again, would that have given us happiness? Anu was such a natural, honest person she could never have compromised with her convictions. And I would never have been comfortable in the corporate world of greed. So, communism seemed the answer for both of us.’
Prison memoirs are hard to go through. They make a gaping hole in one's imaginary version of reality which pervades through popular thought of democracy and justice in a population. They puncture the very ideals which people outside the jails are trying to preserve. And for these ideals, they're often subjected to insurrection. Having read Anuradha's groundbreaking work on caste and feminism, I was always astounded by kobad and her. Why would someone from their social privilege leave everything to fetch a goal which is as is distant as the very idea of democracy? This has been nagging me since I first read kobad and anuradha's accounts. Kobad was popular in leftist circles and still enjoys a better reputation than most leftist ideologues. I picked up the book to get a better understanding of his ideas through his memoir. I wasn't disappointed. Kobad breaks through the propaganda and shows the cracks which pervades Indian judiciary. While the Tihar episode was torturous to read, I was delighted to know the workings and perceptions of leftists inside the Indian jails. It was a little disappointing to see many liberal positions kobad has now taken but given the whole ordeal he went through, it's understandable. I'll recommend it to anyone who wants to get an insight into the workings of political prisoners inside Indian jails all over the country.
The book is poorly written both in form and substance. Filled with regret and self-pity, it is with repetitive lament that Ghandy spent 10 years in prison. As a prison memoir, this is of very low quality. A better one on prison conditions in India is "My years in an Indian Prison" by Mary Tyler. As a revolutionary memoir, probably the best is the "Notes from the Gallows" by Julius Fucik, the Czech socialist who wrote from a Nazi prison. Jawaharlal Nehru spent 17 years in prisons and Nelson Mandela 29. Of course, prison changed both of them. Nehru's Discovery of India was much better written, both in diction and language. Nehru's goal in writing the Discovery of India was to assure the weathy and the British that he was not a Leninist. He succeeded in convincing them and became prime minister. As to Ghandy, as one who spent an entire life in revolutionary struggles, he did not elevate himself as a revolutionary. The book starts off with his repulsin of racism in England. Then he describes the looting of India by the British. Shashi Tharoor repeats some estimates that British looted $45 Trillion from India in today's value. Ghandy, however, did not explain how a racist Anglo-Saxon nation could remain racist and still become rich and industrialized. Ghandy says India had 33% of the world GDP when the Europeans were either slaves or hiding in caves (see page 23): "In fact, in 1 CE India accounted for 33 per cent of world GDP, while UK, France and Germany combined had a mere 3 per cent. Even as late as 1700, on the eve of British rule in India, India produced 25 per cent of world GDP while Britain was just over 2 per cent. By the time the British left in 1947, India was reduced to barely 3 per cent of world GDP while a tiny country like Britain had increased to 10 per cent. As early as the twelfth century, India produced the best quality of steel and its swords were in demand all over the world." Then at page 80, Ghandy says "[caste system is] a major factor in India’s backwardness and divisiveness." After pointing to the caste as the "major factor" in India's backwardness, he doesn't explian what he meant by "backwardness" or in what way it is manifested, but one presumes that this was economic backwardness). If the current backwardness is due to the "caste" system, how could India have achieved one-third or one-fourth of the world GDP hundreds or thousands of years ago? Ghandy says African-Americans are in the same state of exploitation as the Dalits in India. But with such deep-rooted and systemic flaws, he fails to explain how the USA could become a superpower. Becoming a superpower is not contradictory to caste differences. In fact, USA's dominance is based on exploitation of slave labor and colonization of the entire world. Ghandy misunderstood Mao, though he claimed to be a Maoist. Mao ZeDong's key contribution to the theory of revolutionary struggle is in focusing on the "principal contradiction." A revolutionary must not be distracted or detracted by the several contradictions in the society, which contradictions have historically evolved, rather than planned by a set of selfish cabal. Though there are many contradictions, such as landlord-landless labourer, factory owner-factory worker, money lender-borrower, male-female, inter-religious, inter-caste, rural-urban, agricultural-industrial, intra-feudal or intra-capitalist, and even imperialist-colonizer etc, one cannot get distracted by every oppression that one comes across. The revolutionary must focus on the principal contradiction and create or use the revolutionary atmosphere and bring about successful revolution. The British followed the age-old divide-and-conquer theory which is the direct opposite of the focus required by the "principal contradiction" theory. Where they try to divide, the people ought to combine. Ghandy fell into the imperialist trap when he focused on the Dalit issue. Ambedkar was by no means a revolutionary; he was, whether willingly or otherwise, an imperialist agent, having been indoctrinated at Columbia University. Ghandy should have helped take over the leadership of the trade unions of India from its current revisionist clutches, but it seems he got distracted into the caste question. Then he starts blaming the party about not focusing on this superstructural issue. So long as there is imperialist exploitation, and indeed, so long as there is exploitation of any kind, caste will not go away. The past 4 decades of Mandal politics and the current Kamandal politics show how the ruling sections succeeded in distracting the population. After caste, they are now focusing on inter-religious differences. The revolutionary must try to counter these reactionary ideas and forces, rather than act in a way to appease one group or the other. Indian Muslims do not need Maoists in order to protect them as a "minority". Majlis can do that work. Maoists must organize the Muslims as a part of the exploited class and not as a religious group subject to attacks by Hindu reactionary mobs. Caste or religion is not the principal contradiction in India; India is a semi-feudal and semi-colonial country. A new democratic revolution should be the focus of the revolutionary class. Focusing on the caste question, therefore, is reactionary and revisionist. Once one leaves the revolutionary path, the decline is along a straight line, as can be seen from the numerous reactionary theories such as "subaltern studies". That decline results in loss of revolutionary spirit and every setback looks like the dead end. This can be seen from Ghandy's self-pity and regret that he a well-to-do life as a Parsi accountant. He reminds us that he is a Parsi 20 times. To the contrary, Gandhi only once said in his autobiography that he was a Bania. Nehru did not dwell on his Kashmiri Pandit background except for one or two references. If he is proud of his Parsi heritage, as he certainly has a right to do so, how could he fault Brahmins of being proud of their heritage, and what is the difference? Ghandy, news reports say, was expelled from the Maoist party for writing this book and his lack of revolutionary commitment and revolutionary discipline. Had the Maoists been successful in capturing state power, Ghandy would have been a contender for the prime minister's job, given his high status in that party. That would have been a real tragedy equivalent to making Trotsky the head of the CPSU. On the other hand, Maoists, though they make unimaginable sacrifices and are true heroes, are taking such a long time to achieve state power because of such caste-focused leadership.
I first read about KG in Rahul Pandita's book named "Salaam Bastar" when KG was arrested in Delhi and got to know about KG and Anu who, inspite of their well to do background, both chose to work for the people who needed them most.
This book may be read with diff. perceptions : One being arrest of KG as a common man and a senior citizen and his stay for almost 10 umyears in different prisons across the country and his treatment as a criminal. The annoyingly slow pace of our age old judicial system which kept him incarcerated for 10 years without proving any substantial crime except section 420 for impersonation.
Another aspect may be arrest of a top communist leader which was propagated as a Naxalite boss but again the crimes or the allegations were not proven.
Inspite of their strong backgrounds where they had chosen to work in or for the elite class easily, they chose to work for the suppressed citizens who lives among us but never treated as equals. This is something which takes heart and very heroic, I must say.
A great read about the Judicial / jail system and tmhis view on present condition of Communism. Please note, Reading this book certainly doesn't make one a Communist.
The first time I had heard the word urban Naxalite was during the arrest of the Indian poet Varavara Rao. Anyway, I did not follow up on that case and time slipped like usual.
I wonder about the psychology of a person who has studied from Doon School followed by education from London and landing up in Tihar Jail. Kobad Ghandy is a Parsi intellectual who worked tirelessly for the underprivileged of the society for four decades.
This book is a memoir(prison) of his journey from being a privileged Parsi youth and finally spending ten years in the Indian jails (specifically seven years in Tihar Jail). He discusses the judiciary challenges, his encounter with other prison mates which includes Khalistan leaders, Islamists, and the famous Afzal Guru. There are many times when he quotes Albert Camus, Rumi, Shakespeare.
The book is based on communism(Marxism) ideology. Communism is a return of a man himself as a social, i.e., really human being, a complete and conscious return.
Finally, after ten years he's acquitted and the final charges were of impersonation.
Just one thing strikes my mind all through this book, why did he choose this life of frugality when he could be heading some corporate firm and earning large sums? Why did he work tirelessly for the Dalits, tribal and jeopardized his health whereas he could be sitting comfortably in an air-conditioned office?
Most of us dread to use a public toilet but Kobad chose to live in the slums to understand ground-level situations. I wonder, why!
He says, it would have been far easier to settle down with all the inherited wealth. But, then, when I think again, would that have given us happiness? No. So, communism seemed the answer for him and his late wife Anuradha.
The books that are born out of experience always are worth a treasure. They show life and real things. Fractured Freedom by Kobad Ghandy is one such book. Kobad Ghandy was born into a well-off family. He did his schooling at the famous Doon School, and after completing his college education from St. Xavier College, Mumbai, he went to the UK to do his CA. Unfortunately, he was a victim of racism that was the most prevalent in the 1970s in Europe. He wanted to know the causes of racial discrimination and read extensively on India’s colonial legacy from the books by BC Dutt, Dadabhai Naoroji and others at the British Museum Library. He realised the socio-political issues that complemented colonial rule.
The first part of the book deals with the transformation of an upper-class, Parsi young man, educated in Doon School and later in England, to a committed activist dedicated to social and political revolution. The book moves forward into time. His courtship with his wife and her role in his growth as an activist is fascinating to read. There are mentions vaguely of his role as a political activist. On returning from London, with a world-view inspired by Marxism, his incubation into a left-wing youth organisation linked with the Janashakti faction of the Maoists is also explained.
The later part of the book is the authentic prison memoir. Here the brutality and the pathetic conditions of Indian Jails, the political conflicts whose shadows affect the prisoners, and his friendship with many other known people who were in prison for socio-political reasons again are well articulated. This book must be read with an empathetic mind rather than a biased mind. This statement holds good here because the mere mention of Afzal Guru might prick some flames of hatred. Thus, the book is recommended to only those readers who have a mature mindset. Overall, this is one of the straightforward, plain and honest books!
Fractured Freedom: A Prison Memoir By Kobad Ghandy
This book is devided into various chapters each and every chapter gives goosebumps. Story of Doon Public School alumni, how he ended up his life in jail. Almost 18 cases filed on him and acquitted in all of them was in confinement in jail for almost 10 years.
This book will take you through the journey of honest man. He and his wife Anurdha dedicated their live to service marginalised.One can say this is honest reflection of ideology.
Need to think if any prisoners are thinking or attuned to the fact that court procedures are going to take long time means we all have to think about Indian judicial system.
Through out the book I came to know whole existing judicial system is untenable to solve pending cases. Even though political system is becoming uncouth,vile and uncivilised.
He is one of sensitive human being expressed inner agony and brings out the hollowness of society through this beautiful ‘Fractured Freedom’. Writing slams at you and makes you flinch and struggle and yet you are compelled to read it because it gets its claws into you and does not let you go. A must read.
He was abducted (not arrested) by the Intelligence Bureau of one of the Indian states and kept in illegal custody for 3 days before being handed over to the Delhi Special Cell. This was followed by around 10 years of jail hopping through states in order to clear his name from the long list of false cases he was named in; he managed to get an acquittal in most cases and is free now. Born in a Parsi well-to-do family, and having gone to the UK for his studies he happened to take part in a public meeting against racism there and was arrested. Once he decided to come back to his own country, it was to initiate change and began doing social work at the slums near his home in Worli. Over time, he became an activist along with his wife and both of them have served the poor and oppressed in our country, selflessly. Although the story of his life is quite striking, the content is not well presented; it also has repetitions of the same content over and over again.
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
Kobad Ghandi's life took an unexpected turn when he went to UK to study for CA. He became a communist and devoted his life to worki g amongst the poor. He was hunted by the state in his old age with a series of caaes. He had to spend a decade in various prisons across the country. He was later aquitted in most of the cases. This book recounts his experiences in jails, his life and vision. Interesting characters people the book when he narrates the peison experiences and hia activism. But it get a bit tedious and boring when he philosophises.
Somewhat haphazardly written. Skips details about Ghandy's life before his arrest, probably because Ghandy doesn't want to get into fresh trouble. So, he has filled up the space discussing the work done by his deceased wife. Undoubtedly, both Ghandhy and Anuradha, his wife, led a life of courage and sacrifice. Did it make any difference? We don't know. But they do win our respect for their dedication. Hence, this could be an inspiration for many.
A book about life of the South Mumbai Affluent Family boy who wanted to bring change and end to suffering of people. Insight into a couple story and their challenges and the Kobad Ghandy prison time. A wonderful read.
Well written book .The idiosyncracies of our Judiciary well captured. Also how Mr Ghandy had to waste 10 years of his life in Jails before being acquitted. . Pathetic system.. All Judges, Politicians in power Must read Law is not same for all in India