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Lab Values: Everything You Need to Know about Laboratory Medicine and its Importance in the Diagnosis of Diseases: Second Edition
Lab values inform clinical decisions, support differential diagnosis, and determine next steps in treatment, but reviewing reference ranges without context makes retention difficult.
Whether you're in nursing school, PA school, medical school, or training in phlebotomy, as a paramedic, or as a medical assistant, this guide is essential. Lab values are also a foundational topic in radiology tech programs, pharmacy coursework, and nursing fundamentals.
This book simplifies complex topics in laboratory medicine and clinical chemistry so you can focus on interpretation, not just memorization. It is especially useful for those preparing to work in critical care, emergency medicine, or medical-surgical settings where lab values are central to diagnosis and treatment.
This book will help
Understand and apply lab values from CBC, BMP, CMP, ABGs, coagulation studies, cardiac markers, liver and renal labs, thyroid panels, and moreBuild confidence in laboratory test interpretation and connect abnormal results to medical diagnosisLearn proper sample collection for venous, arterial, capillary, urine, and stool specimensStrengthen clinical judgment, pattern recognition, and diagnostic reasoningMaster core lab knowledge tested on exams like NCLEX®, HESI®, TEAS®, USMLE®, PANCE®, and ACLS®Reinforce learning with multiple choice questions and real case examples
Build confidence and retention before clinicals and exams.
Students across allied health and lab tech programs use this guide to build confidence before rotations. Many pair it with nursing pharmacology guides, lab values flashcards, or quick reference tools to reinforce retention and prepare for clinical exams. It is a trusted tool for interpreting labs in internal medicine, emergency care, and critical care settings, without getting lost in dense textbooks or memorizing numbers that do not make sense in context.
Whether you're in phlebotomy training, pharmacy school, physician assistant programs, or studying clinical lab science, physiology, or pathophysiology, this guide helps turn classroom theory into diagnostic thinking.
You’ll learn how labs shift with disease, how to spot red flags, and how to think through what comes next.
A thoughtful and practical gift for students entering healthcare
If you're shopping for a future clinician, this is a gift they’ll actually use in class, on rotations, and throughout their training. It is also a practical addition to nursing school supplies and study bundles used in nursing fundamentals and pharmacology courses.
Click Add to Cart and step into your next exam or rotation with confidence and clinical clarity.
Whether you're in nursing school, PA school, medical school, or training in phlebotomy, as a paramedic, or as a medical assistant, this guide is essential. Lab values are also a foundational topic in radiology tech programs, pharmacy coursework, and nursing fundamentals.
This book simplifies complex topics in laboratory medicine and clinical chemistry so you can focus on interpretation, not just memorization. It is especially useful for those preparing to work in critical care, emergency medicine, or medical-surgical settings where lab values are central to diagnosis and treatment.
This book will help
Understand and apply lab values from CBC, BMP, CMP, ABGs, coagulation studies, cardiac markers, liver and renal labs, thyroid panels, and moreBuild confidence in laboratory test interpretation and connect abnormal results to medical diagnosisLearn proper sample collection for venous, arterial, capillary, urine, and stool specimensStrengthen clinical judgment, pattern recognition, and diagnostic reasoningMaster core lab knowledge tested on exams like NCLEX®, HESI®, TEAS®, USMLE®, PANCE®, and ACLS®Reinforce learning with multiple choice questions and real case examples
Build confidence and retention before clinicals and exams.
Students across allied health and lab tech programs use this guide to build confidence before rotations. Many pair it with nursing pharmacology guides, lab values flashcards, or quick reference tools to reinforce retention and prepare for clinical exams. It is a trusted tool for interpreting labs in internal medicine, emergency care, and critical care settings, without getting lost in dense textbooks or memorizing numbers that do not make sense in context.
Whether you're in phlebotomy training, pharmacy school, physician assistant programs, or studying clinical lab science, physiology, or pathophysiology, this guide helps turn classroom theory into diagnostic thinking.
You’ll learn how labs shift with disease, how to spot red flags, and how to think through what comes next.
A thoughtful and practical gift for students entering healthcare
If you're shopping for a future clinician, this is a gift they’ll actually use in class, on rotations, and throughout their training. It is also a practical addition to nursing school supplies and study bundles used in nursing fundamentals and pharmacology courses.
Click Add to Cart and step into your next exam or rotation with confidence and clinical clarity.
152 pages, Paperback
Published March 4, 2020
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Displaying 1 - 6 of 6 reviews
February 27, 2024
The National Council Licensure Examination NCLEX is a nationwide examination for the licensing of nurses in the United States, Canada, and Australia.
Large samples of blood are best obtained using evacuated blood tubes.
Venous samples: The area is prepared using an alcohol swab and allowed to air dry. The patient is asked to make a fist, and the skin is stretched taut over the vein. The needle is inserted into the vein at a 15 to 30 degree angle. The blood is collected into the syringe or vacutainer tube.
Capillary blood: This is a common method used for home testing, particularly in diabetic patients for monitoring blood glucose levels. The first drop is generally discarded as it contains tissue fluid.
OBTAINING A URINE SAMPLE: The patient must be instructed to collect a midstream sample.
OBTAINING A STOOL SAMPLE: Requisite amount of stool (around 10 ml) is scooped up using the spoon provided, and transferred to the specimen container. The container lid must be closed immediately.
______
• Hemoglobin is an iron containing protein that is found in red blood cells. It acts as a carrier for oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the various tissues of the body.
• Normal levels of hemoglobin are as follows:
Male: 12-17gms/100ml
Female: 11-15 gms/100ml
• Low hemoglobin is an indicator of anemia.
Normal white cell count: 4500 – 10500 cells per cu mm of blood.
The white blood cell count usually increases during infections. An extremely high rise in white blood cells can be an indication of malignant conditions such as leukemia. White blood cells are decreased during conditions of immunosuppression, due to various diseases or drugs.
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases in the developed world, caused due to ineffective secretion of the insulin hormone from the pancreas, which is responsible for metabolism of glucose.
When the patient eats, the blood glucose increases slightly, which stimulate the pancreas to release insulin. This in turn metabolizes the glucose and clears it from the blood within two hours. Therefore the postprandial blood sugar test is useful in assessing insulin function. Patients
There are two hormones secreted by the thyroid gland – T3 (Triiodothyronine) and T4 (Thyroxine).
Blood urea nitrogen:
• In the body, unutilized proteins and amino acids are generally broken down by the liver into urea and carbon dioxide.
• The urea is usually excreted by renal tubules. If the kidney fails to function, the levels of urea in the blood can increase. BUN is inversely proportional to the glomerular filtration rate.
• Normal values of BUN: 3 – 20 mg/dl
Uric acid:
• Uric acid is the final breakdown product of purine catabolism. It is produced by the liver and two thirds is eliminated by the kidney, with the rest being eliminated by the gastrointestinal tract.
• Normal values:
Males: 2.5 – 8 mg/dl
Females: 1.9 – 7.5 mg/dl
BUN: Creatinine ratio
< 10:1 is renal damage
Maple syrup urine disease has sweet smelling urine.
Stool pH:
• Normal stool pH is 7 to 7.5.
• A pH below 5.6 is characteristic of carbohydrate malabsorption.
Large samples of blood are best obtained using evacuated blood tubes.
Venous samples: The area is prepared using an alcohol swab and allowed to air dry. The patient is asked to make a fist, and the skin is stretched taut over the vein. The needle is inserted into the vein at a 15 to 30 degree angle. The blood is collected into the syringe or vacutainer tube.
Capillary blood: This is a common method used for home testing, particularly in diabetic patients for monitoring blood glucose levels. The first drop is generally discarded as it contains tissue fluid.
OBTAINING A URINE SAMPLE: The patient must be instructed to collect a midstream sample.
OBTAINING A STOOL SAMPLE: Requisite amount of stool (around 10 ml) is scooped up using the spoon provided, and transferred to the specimen container. The container lid must be closed immediately.
______
• Hemoglobin is an iron containing protein that is found in red blood cells. It acts as a carrier for oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the various tissues of the body.
• Normal levels of hemoglobin are as follows:
Male: 12-17gms/100ml
Female: 11-15 gms/100ml
• Low hemoglobin is an indicator of anemia.
Normal white cell count: 4500 – 10500 cells per cu mm of blood.
The white blood cell count usually increases during infections. An extremely high rise in white blood cells can be an indication of malignant conditions such as leukemia. White blood cells are decreased during conditions of immunosuppression, due to various diseases or drugs.
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases in the developed world, caused due to ineffective secretion of the insulin hormone from the pancreas, which is responsible for metabolism of glucose.
When the patient eats, the blood glucose increases slightly, which stimulate the pancreas to release insulin. This in turn metabolizes the glucose and clears it from the blood within two hours. Therefore the postprandial blood sugar test is useful in assessing insulin function. Patients
There are two hormones secreted by the thyroid gland – T3 (Triiodothyronine) and T4 (Thyroxine).
Blood urea nitrogen:
• In the body, unutilized proteins and amino acids are generally broken down by the liver into urea and carbon dioxide.
• The urea is usually excreted by renal tubules. If the kidney fails to function, the levels of urea in the blood can increase. BUN is inversely proportional to the glomerular filtration rate.
• Normal values of BUN: 3 – 20 mg/dl
Uric acid:
• Uric acid is the final breakdown product of purine catabolism. It is produced by the liver and two thirds is eliminated by the kidney, with the rest being eliminated by the gastrointestinal tract.
• Normal values:
Males: 2.5 – 8 mg/dl
Females: 1.9 – 7.5 mg/dl
BUN: Creatinine ratio
< 10:1 is renal damage
Maple syrup urine disease has sweet smelling urine.
Stool pH:
• Normal stool pH is 7 to 7.5.
• A pH below 5.6 is characteristic of carbohydrate malabsorption.
September 4, 2018
Good for basic Knowledge
Its good for new MLT's for exam and entrance exam preparations. It contains all the important and basic Knowledge receding tests and their normal values.
Its good for new MLT's for exam and entrance exam preparations. It contains all the important and basic Knowledge receding tests and their normal values.
December 24, 2018
A very good overview of a challenging subject and potential reference to keep available for future use.
Want to Read
March 18, 2021to add new information
March 18, 2024
Great set up
Displaying 1 - 6 of 6 reviews