This is one of the first works to use declassified archival materials. It provides a solid overview of Soviet special fortification, an engineering discipline for designing and constructing hardened protective structures. Covering the 1930s-1960s period, the book begins with the first air and civil defence HQs before moving onwards to the World War II and Post-war periods, including construction of the special transportation systems in Moscow commonly referred to as “Metro-2". Some related topics such as continuation of government and continuation of operations are also discussed.