Jim Bridger is considered among the greatest scouts of the American West. His life spanned a time of incredible change and colonization in the West and he was at the center of it all.
Bridger was born in 1804 and in 1812, during the war, his family moved from Virginia to Illinois. When he was 12 and 13, his mother, father and brother all died. He went to work on a river boat on the Mississippi and then worked for a famous gunsmith, with whom he lived serving in a native community where he learned to respect and admire native culture.
Bridger was hired by the Henry & Ashley Fur Company and made his way west to trap beaver in 1822.
Bridger had numerous encounters with native tribes, both friendly and hostile. The stories of hair-raising battles with native tribes riddle the book. Bridger was the first white man to discover the great Salt Lake and the first to explore the Bear River watershed. He was also the first white man to raft Bighorn Canyon on the Bighorn River, which he did solo. The first of the fabled fur trapper rendezvous in the Rocky Mountains occurred in 1825.
In 1826; Jedediah Smith, David, Jackson, and Bill Sublett bought out Ashley; becoming owners of the fur company and in 1830 they sold the company to Bridger and others who renamed it the Rocky Mountain Fur Company. The new company competed fiercely with Astor’s American Fur Company, whose men followed Bridger around the west to learn the best beaver locations.
At the Rendezvous of 1832, there was a big battle with the Gros Ventres and then afterwards Bridger’s brigade fought the Blackfeet on the Gallatin and Bridger was shot with arrows twice in the back, with one arrow point remaining in his back for years.
In 1834, the Rocky Mountain Fur Company folded due to debt for marked-up supplies and Bridger entered into a new business partnership. He married a Flathead woman the next year and they had a daughter.
The last Rendezvous occurred in 1840 because the beaver trade was dwindling and trade with new western forts was more convenient. Bridger visited Los Angeles in the winter of 1840/41.
In 1841, Bridger sent his daughter to school at the Whitman mission in Oregon territory and then attempted to establish a fort. On the third try he established Fort Bridger in modern-day western Wyoming. By this time, due to the decline of the fur trade, trappers we're making better money as guides on the Oregon Trail and Bridger’s fort was on the Trail.
In 1844, Bridger traveled through the southwest and in 1845 or 46 he had a third daughter and his first wife died of rabies.
In 1847, Bridger remarried another Indian woman and he gave advice to newly arrived Mormons on their way to establish Salt Lake City, but their leader, Bringham Young deeply distrusted Bridger.
In the fall of 1847, natives attacked the Whitman mission, killing the Whitmans and Bridger’s daughter was taken captive for a month. After her release, she became ill from the ordeal and died. In 1848, Bridger’s second wife gave him a fourth child, but then died and Bridger married a third woman from the Shoshone tribe.
In 1849, the California gold rush greatly increased the number of immigrants passing by Fort Bridger. Bridger was hired as a guide for the government to guide cartographers, surveyors and scientists working to improve the emigrant trail and identify a route for the great pacific railroad.
Bridger participated in the Indian peace treaty of 1851 and his fort came under the authority of the Mormon governed, Utah territory. In 1852, he sent two of his kids to modern day St. Louis for education and in 1852/53 the Mormons took over Fort Bridger and tried to arrest Bridger on trumped up charges. Bridger moved to modern day Kansas City to avoid arrest and sent more of his kids to Catholic schools, where one died of disease.
In 1857, Bridger had another child and his oldest living child died. In 1857/58, Bridger guided the US Army in its expedition to end the Mormon theocracy and bring the Utah territory fully under US control. When confronted with the US Army, Brigham Young capitulated.
Bridger’s third wife died in 1859 and in 1859/1860 Bridger guided the Raynolds scientific expedition in the west. During the Civil War, Bridger guided US troops and stayed loyal to the Union.
Gold was discovered in Montana and Bridger guided wagon trains to Virginia City in 1864. In that same year, whites massacred peaceful Cheyennes, starting an Indian war and Bridger served as a guide to soldiers.
Then, the US government chose a wagon trail to the east of the Bighorn Mountains over Bridger’s recommendation of a safer route to the west of the mountains. The government also built forts along this trail in hostile Indian country against Bridger’s advice, leading to a much bigger Indian war. The war ended in 1868 with the completion of the railroad and the government’s agreement to remove the forts.
Bridger retired from life in the mountains in 1868 and lived on his farm in modern day Kansas City until he died in 1881.
I had mixed feelings about this book. It has some absolutely egregious typos and badly needs another review by an editor. The first third of the book covering the period of the fur trade is better covered by ‘A Majority of Scoundrels’ by Don Berry. I did, however, appreciate that, through Bridger’s life, you're able to follow the history from the Fur Trade through the Oregon Trail, through the California gold rush, through the Mormon emigration to the Montana gold rush and the Indian wars. Most of these subjects would be broken up and covered as different time periods in the history of the west.