What do we really need in order to live a happy life? An Epicurean antidote to anxiety
Over two thousand years ago the Greek philosopher Epicurus offered a seemingly simple all we really want is pleasure.
Today we tend to associate the word 'Epicurean' with the enjoyment of fine food and wine and decadent self-indulgence. But, as philosopher John Sellars shows, these things are a world away from the vision of a pleasant life developed by Epicurus and his followers who were more concerned with mental pleasures and avoiding pain. Their goal, in short, was a life of tranquillity.
In this uplifting and elegant book, Sellars walks us through the history of Epicureanism from a private garden on the edge of ancient Athens to the streets of Rome, showing us how it can help us think anew about joy, friendship, nature and being alive in the world. .
Qué librito tan lindo. Sencillo en la redacción, es capaz de transmitir los conceptos de forma clara, sin grandilocuencia.
De la filosofía epicúrea me ha encantado lo distinta que es al hedonismo que se le presupone. Epicuro busca ante todo el estado de serenidad, que solo se encontrará en la ausencia de dolor. Y explica que, si bien el dolor existe, es capaz de ser soportado, especialmente el físico, pues siempre, irremediablemente, finaliza. Encuentra la serenidad en la consecución de placeres que, especialmente los mentales, nos llevarán a la plenitud. Esta no es una oda a los pecados capitales, a la gula o a la sexualidad, es la comprensión de la búsqueda del placer mental saciado, pues su recuerdo perdurará de tal modo que los dolores serán capaces de ser superados.
Descubrimos, además, al Epicuro naturalista, que ve en la comprensión del Cosmos y de la Tierra, en la comprensión de sus componentes últimos, los átomos, la serenidad del espíritu. Pues sólo comprendiendo lo que nos rodea, sin mitología ni creencias ni cuentos absurdos, seremos capaces de comprender nuestra posición en el mundo.
Un análisis brillante de la sencillez de la vida, que reside en el presente, de la naturaleza y de la amistad (¡ah!, se me olvidaba, junto a los puntos anteriores, el tercer pilar fundamental de la filosofía epicúrea) como red que nos sostiene. Un placer de lectura para acabar el año.
کتاب در سال ۱۴۰۲ با عنوان «درمان رنجهای بشر» توسط «نشر خوب» با ترجمهای خوب از «شهابالدین عباسی» به طبع رسیده است.
کتاب در رابطه با اپیکور و فلسفه اپیکوری است و به گمان بنده در آشنا کردن خواننده با این فلسفه و زدودن غبار تحریفاتی که در در طول قرنها در رابطه با اپیکوریان صورت گرفته است؛ موفق عمل کرده است. نخستین باور رایج در رابطه با اپیکور و اپیکوریان لذتگرایی و شهوترانی محض آنهاست در حالی که این کتاب به ما نشان میدهد که فلسفه اپیکور بیشتر از آنکه فلسفهی لذت باشد؛ یک «فلسفهی ضد درد» است.
📚 اپیکور: «سخن فیلسوفی که درمانی برای رنجهای بشر عرضه نمیکند، پوچ است.»
کتاب در ۷ فصل کوتاه اما قابل تامل سعی میکند خواننده را با پایهای ترین افکار اپیکور و اپیکوریسم آشنا کند.
Una sencilla pieza de divulgación filosófica, con buena historia, citas a la literatura epicúrea (Epicuro, Diogenes, Lucrecio) y, para quien quiera, algunas frases y máximas que pueden orientar un buen vivir al estilo epicúreo: disfrutando del presente (Carpe diem como escribiría Horacio, otro epicúreo), no preocupándose por el dolor futuro o por la muerte, buscando el placer más deseable, la serenidad (ataraxia) que llega cuando se han resuelto las necesidades básicas (y tal vez un poco más), evitando el exceso de placeres innecesarios.
Debo decir que aunque conocía algunas de las doctrinas centrales del epicureismo, desconocía uno de sus pilares básicos: la importancia de conocer a fondo la naturaleza del mundo, o en palabras modernas de tener una amplia ilustración científica que, según Epicúreo, nos sirve para evaluar mejor la verdadera dimensión de las amenazas o los fenómenos que pueden producirnos dolor, y que evita que caigamos en la superstición que puede ser una fuente adicional de angustia. Solo por esto me siento más cerca al epicureismo que antes.
En un mundo lleno de personas individualistas y estoicas, una filosofía muy admirada en nuestra cultura, en parte por el machismo imperante que promueve la templanza y aceptación del dolor y las dificultades (pamplinas), en parte por la base cristiana de las culturas dominantes, el epicureismo, con su amor por los placeres sencillos y rechazo al dolor en todas sus formas, y, como aprendí en este librito, su aprecio por la amistad y por la existencia de redes de apoyo comunitarias, es para mí un remanso y un ideal maravilloso para perseguir.
Me llevo, finalmente, la idea de que en Atenas no solo existió el admirado Liceo Aristotélico o la Academia Platónica, sino que también hubo un Jardín Epicúreo.
Por recomendación de Caloncho por su idea de “hedonismo sustentable” es en realidad el epicureísmo; perseguir el placer y evitar el dolor, con el objetivo de alcanzar un estado de satisfacción para el que no hace falta gran cosa.
+ “pero tú, qué no eres dueño del día de mañana, retrasas tu felicidad y, mientras tanto, la vida se va a perdiendo lentamente por ese retraso, y todos y cada uno de nosotros, aunque por nuestras ocupaciones no tengamos tiempo para ello, moriremos”
متن روان و کوتاه و البته مناسب برای آشنایی با فلسفه اپیکوری در چهل صفحه به تصحیح و معرفی و سوالات مکتب اپیکوریان میپردازد و در چهل صفحه دوم فلسفه و فلسفه علم اپیکوری را به زبانی شیوا به تقریر در آورده است
Después de leer (hace unos meses, en verano, si mal no recuerdo) "Lecciones de estoicismo: Filosofía antigua para la vida moderna", del mismo autor, me he animado con este en que Sellars nos introduce las claves de la filosofía epicúrea. Como el anterior título, conciso pero proporcionando las ideas fundamentales para entender su pensamiento (fundamentalmente tratando de erradicar la falsa asociación de epicureísmo con hedonismo). Si adolece de algún defecto es de superficialidad (es en lo que queda convertida la concisión): después de reconocer que el epicureísmo tiene vocación de terapia psicológica, orientada a que el individuo alcance los placeres mentales que esta corriente da en llamar estáticos (la "ataraxia" o imperturbabilidad), no se incluye ninguna receta para conseguirlo.
Pros: it's a nice introduction to Epicurus and epicurean philosophy. Cons: I found that the author is repetitive sometimes when trying to explain the epicurean philosophy.
this was a really short read on epicurean wisdom but the problem is...it was really short lmao
nevertheless, it was still interesting to read on something philosophy-ish ((which i have never thought i would honestly)) once in a while & its really great how reading them always make me learn how to be open-minded.
Simple, sencillo, al alcance de cada uno; así de concreto. Muchas conexiones con otras reflexiones. Todas centradas en la paz mental que conlleva a la verdadera felicidad.
The philosophy of Epicureanism is often misunderstood as a hedonistic worldview and I’ll admit to thinking that too when I first came across it. After reading The Fourfold Remedy: Epicurus and the Art of Happiness by John Sellars I was glad to be proven wrong.
A wonderful book on an introduction to Epicureanism, The Fourfold Remedy sets the record straight.
From the first page, Sellars sets out the differences between lower case epicureanism and capital letter Epicureanism. He starts with an introduction into the life of Epicurus, who created his Garden to live a simpler lifestyle away from the noise of the world. His teachings were powerful enough that they lasted for thousands of years and Sellars notes the religious fervor of the movement:
“A cult of Epicurus developed, just as it did around the Buddha in India. Pliny the Elder reports that this continued among Roman admirers of Epicurus, who offered sacrifices on his birthday and carried around small portraits of him. This might make Epicureanism sound more like a religious movement than a philosophy based on dispassionate reason.
Yet in the cases of both Epicurus and the Buddha, these were simply acts of admiration for mortal men preaching advice on how to overcome human suffering.”
In sharp contrast to the gourmand who has a voracious appetite for sex and food, Epicurus lived a modest lifestyle sustained by bread, water and the occasional pot of cheese. Sellars points out that the philosophy isn’t about the mindless pursuit of pleasure, but rather a nuanced difference between static and active pleasure.
“For instance we might distinguish between the active pleasure of eating and the subsequent static pleasure of being full up and no longer hungry. Although we might enjoy the process of eating, Epicurus argued that the reason why we eat is in order to reach the state of not being hungry.
Our goal is not the pleasure of eating, but overcoming the pain of hunger.”
Put another way:
“There’s nothing at all wrong with enjoying the very best of culinary pleasures when they present themselves, so long as we don’t come to expect them at every meal. Fine dining may not be required for us to satisfy our hunger, but it does offer welcome variety. The way to avoid coming to expect this all the time, Epicurus suggested, is to be suitably grateful whenever we are fortunate to be able to enjoy such pleasures.”
Another vital part of Epicureanism is the focus on friendship. According to Epicurus, true pleasure came from sharing experiences with friends and being able to support each other in every situation.
“The best type of friend, Epicurus commented, doesn’t reduce a relationship to mutual support but neither do they deny the role that such support plays. As he put it, the former reduces friendship to a mere commercial transaction, while the latter destroys any sense of security for the future.”
Sellars also references a number of interesting Epicureans, such as the famous poets Lucretius and Horace, who referred to the philosophy in their works. Epicureanism also found admirers in Brutus and Cassius, the murderers of Julius Caesar, and even Caesar’s father in law Lucius Calpurnius Piso.
At its core, Epicureanism is about finding a path to the good life by avoiding pain and seeking pleasures that put the mind at ease. Whether you agree with the philosophy or not, The Fourfold Remedy is an excellent book and it opened my mind.
This is my first read of 2021, and what a great choice. It’s the perfect read for the current climate, as Dr Sellars discusses Epicurism and what it means to be truly happy in life. Having not heard of this philosophy before, I found it to be a great introduction to the topic and I will be reading more of his work in future.
Thank you to Allen Lane and Penguin Books for sending me a copy to review.
This is a good introduction to Epicurean philosophy, outlining the core ideas very clearly, but would have benefited from a bit more critique, especially given Sellars' expertise in the rival school of Stoicism.
That being said, I realise this was probably written trying to tap into the 'philosophical self-help' market that Ryan Holiday has done very well in, which doesn't necessarily lend itself to much critical analysis.
Un libro muy pequeño pero lleno de muchísima información, describe de una manera muy sencilla y fácil de digerir lo que es la filosofía de Epicuro. Recomendable para aquellos que no tenemos una formación filosófica profesional.
Sellars’ frankly liberal scientific leanings lead him from even mentioning how connected this is to the development of romanticism and nihilism, it even forces him to concede very strange and poor arguments against Epicurean atheism. Briefly only mentioning Marx at the end as well.
Epicurus is a good foundation for what would develop into more complete ideologies but its total dichotomization of pain/pleasure is so reductive he ends up cornering himself into strange conclusions about why we shouldn’t fear death or the pain of death that are easily solved by a dissolution of the assumption that death is non-existence.
Interesting and foundational to more complete philosophies like romanticism, nihilism, marxism, and anarchism!
Muy buena introducción y aclaración de lo que es el epicureísmo básicamente. Me aclara varias cosas respecto a lo que esta escuela filosófica enseñaba. La idea principal es que en la vida hay que evitar el dolor y conseguir el placer, pero el placer en varios sentidos: la sensación agradable de hacer cosas que disfrutas, de cubrir tus necesidades más básicas y la ausencia de cosas malas en tu mente.
Me deja varias cosas para reflexionar:
1. Conseguir las cosas necesarias para no sufrir es fácil en esencia. No debemos confundir lo deseable con lo necesario. Mientras tengamos consciencia de lo absolutamente necesario para vivir podremos estar tranquilos al no ir tras cosas materiales innecesarias.
2. La amistad es una de las cosas más agradables de la vida, por lo mucho que puedes disfrutar los momentos con tus amigos, además de que te puede dar seguridad de que tienes alguien en quién contar cuando las cosas se pongan difíciles.
3. Lo que pensamos nos hace sufrir más de lo que nos pasa físicamente.
4. Ningún dolor es tan grande que no se pueda soportar, sobre todo si se tiene control de la mente.
5. Buscar explicaciones que eviten los mitos te ayudará a estar más tranquilo.
6. La muerte no es algo que temer, ya que el estado de inexistencia implica que no tenemos ningún tipo de experiencia.
Me gustó mucho, también por lo corto que es y las referencias que da al final. También me dio un poco de la historia que nos ayuda a entender de dónde surgió.
Jhon Sellars tiene la habilidad de aterrizar en la sencillez conceptos e ideas de la filosofía antigua que pueden parecer de acceso a un público especializado. Él logra aligerar los contenidos del Epicureísmo y al mismo tiempo aclarar aquello que se ha mal interpretado o extra simplificado. Aprecio profundamente las claridades sobre la amistad y el placer, encuentro gratificante el llamado a la serenidad y la comprensión del dolor que puede ser aliviado pero que también es natural en lo que consideramos humano. Hubo momentos en los que quizá hubiera preferido menos datos históricos de Epicuro y los epicureístas y más materia para entender sus ideas. Quizá algunas historias más de serenidad. Lo disfruté, pero lo encuentro corto como experiencia literaria.
Muy bonito el libro y muy fácil de leer. Me hubiera gustado que profundizara mucho más en cada tema, pero sin duda me deja con el deseo de conocer muchísimo más de esta filosofía preciosa. También me ayudó a confirmar que las lecciones más valiosas que he aprendido de mi psicoanalista tienen que ver precisamente con el epicureísmo.
[EN] "Lessons in Epicureanism: The Art of Happiness" by John Sellars is a clear and accessible work that introduces readers to the principles of Epicureanism, a philosophy focused on the pursuit of happiness and the absence of pain. Sellars breaks down key concepts such as pleasure, pain, friendship, and mental tranquility, showing their relevance in modern life. A notable quote from Epicurus is: "Of all the things which wisdom provides to make us entirely happy, much the greatest is the possession of friendship." Using contemporary examples and simple language, the author demonstrates how Epicurus' teachings can offer practical guidance for living a fulfilling life today. It's recommended reading both for those interested in philosophy and for anyone looking to improve their personal well-being.
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[ES] "Lecciones de Epicureísmo: El arte de la felicidad" de John Sellars es una obra clara y accesible que introduce al lector en los principios del epicureísmo, una filosofía centrada en la búsqueda de la felicidad y la ausencia de dolor. Sellars desglosa conceptos clave como el placer, el dolor, la amistad y la tranquilidad mental, mostrando su relevancia en la vida moderna. Una frase destacada de Epicuro es: "De todos los bienes que la sabiduría procura para la completa felicidad de toda la vida, el mayor con mucho es la adquisición de la amistad." Con ejemplos contemporáneos y un lenguaje sencillo, el autor demuestra cómo las enseñanzas de Epicuro pueden ofrecer una guía práctica para vivir una vida plena hoy en día. Es una lectura recomendada tanto para aficionados a la filosofía como para quienes buscan mejorar su bienestar personal.
“Ta thật sự cần gì để sống hạnh phúc?” Đây là câu hỏi vẫn luôn xuất hiện trong mỗi chúng ta, và ngày càng đúng trong nhịp sống này. Tuy thế, nó không phải xuất hiện mới gần đây, mà đã có lịch sử hàng nghìn năm, khi các triết gia theo thuyết khoái lạc đặt những viên gạch đầu tiên.
ám theo triết gia cổ đại Epicurus như người đầu tiên suy tư về chủ nghĩa này, John Sellars có cách tiếp cận vô cùng gần gũi cũng như ngắn gọn về những điểm chính của học thuyết. Thêm một lần nữa, ông khẳng định: “khoái lạc là chìa khóa của hạnh phúc”.
Tuy thế, trong rất nhiều năm, chủ nghĩa khoái lạc đã bị hiểu sai như là bê tha, trụy lạc cũng như ham muốn thể xác một cách vô độ. Ngay chính ông tổ của học thuyết này cũng thường bị cho là ẻo lả, nhu nhược và thích tằng tịu. Nhà thơ Horace còn “tinh” hơn thế, khi trong tác phẩm “Châm biếm”, ông tự gọi mình là “con lợn tham lam”, “mập ú núc ních”…
Thế nhưng thật ra chủ nghĩa khoái lạc không đúng như thế. Sellars đã chỉ ra rằng thông điệp của thuyết khoái lạc là ta vốn đã sở hữu mọi thứ mình cần, miễn sao là nhận ra nó. Khi ấy, tất cả phiền muộn sẽ kịp bay biến. Và để làm được điều này, ta buộc phải vượt qua được bộ đôi nguy hiểm gây ra bất ổn: khao khát đến mức tuyệt vọng và lo lắng không nguôi về phía tương lai.
Đọc cuốn này cũng biết thêm được nhiều thứ, như 4 phương thuốc, như lạc viên và phong cách sống thời đó. Nhưng là cơ bản - 101 - nên cũng không rõ ràng hay chi tiết được hơn.
It is another book by John Sellars and I have to admit that it is always a superb reading experience. Sellars has this very rare talent to explain complex notions in an easy and incredibly interesting way. Even though this Epicurean primer is not very long it is dense with meaning and ideas. Reading this book is a pleasant intellectual experience that will leave you with a lot to think about. I’ve always loved Epicureanism for its incredible “scientific” foundation - the theory of atoms and very strong push on de-mythologizing the nature from gods’ influence was very unique and immensely shaped Renaissance.
One of the foundational misconceptions about Epicureanism is comparing it to hedonism. Deep intellectual base of Epicureanism makes it actually quite the opposite. Another misconception is that Stoicism and Epicureanism are polar-opposite Hellenic schools which is also not true as both share many similarities on the axiomatic level. For example, tranquillity being the goal of all the transformational intellectual work leading to changing the way we interpret the reality.
Я не гатовы назваць гэты твор Сэларса пэўнай кнігай. Аглядны артыкул зь некалькіх частак пра тое, чым зьяўляецца эпікурэйства, надрукаваная ў відзе брашуры? Частка больш вялікага тэксту пра антычную філязофію і яе прыклады ў сучаснасьці? Мусіць так альбо гэтак, але назваць паўнавартаснай кнігай я гэта не магу. Мне было мала і недастаткова кантэнту літаральна ў кожнай главе. Сэларс распавядае пра эпікурэйства гэтак, быццам гэта зусім невядомая рэч, ад якой не засталося ніводнай крыніцы, а таму і казаць нечага. Але гэта не так. Апавяданьне вядзецца пра адну зь галоўных школ філязофіі антычнасьці, творы аўтараў якой, уключаючы заснавальніка, цалкам але часткова дайшлі да нашага часу. На фоне іншых сучасных твораў пра стаіцызм кніга Сэларса бачыцца яшчэ менш выйгрышна. Адзінае апраўданьне тут толькі ў тым, што ягоная кніга пра стаіцызм таксама тонкая. Так, гэта лёгкія ўводзіны ў эпікурэйства, каб за гадзіну-дьзьве гадзіны стала зразумела пра рысы вучэньня. Але занадта лёгкія, нават дыетычныя. Зрэшты, па-беларуску ці расейску іншых сучасных твораў пра Эпікура, здаецца, зусім няма.
Piuttosto che sprecare le nostre energie mentali ad angustiarci per ciò che accadrà con la morte, per quanto lunghe saranno le nostre vite o per ciò che potremmo perderci, la lezione epicurea è che dovremmo pensare a godere la vita che abbiamo, che possiamo solo vivere nel momento presente. Secondo la famosa espressione di Orazio, dovremmo «afferrare il giorno» (carpe diem) e passare un po’ meno tempo a preoccuparci del domani. Ma la parola finale spetta a Epicuro stesso e a questo potente richiamo: Non nasciamo che una volta, due non ci è concesso, e poi ci è forza non esser piú per l’eternità; e tu, che pur non sei padrone del tuo domani, procrastini la gioia; cosí la vita se ne va mentre s’indugia, e ciascuno di noi giunge alla morte senza mai aver goduto la pace.