Hartland was a Swansea solicitor and amateur anthropologist and writer on mythology and folklore. This work, examining the folklore and mythology around ideas of supernatural conception and birth came out under the aegis of the Folk-Lore Society, of which Hartland had been president a decade earlier.
Covers such subjects as the transmigration of souls, "Motherright," and the "Rise of Fatherright," in the context of other primitive supernatural beliefs