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Strange New World: How Thinkers and Activists Redefined Identity and Sparked the Sexual Revolution

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From Philosophy to Technology, Tracing the Origin of Identity Politics

How did the world arrive at its current, disorienting state of identity politics, and how should the church respond? Historian Carl R. Trueman shows how influences ranging from traditional institutions to technology and pornography moved modern culture toward an era of "expressive individualism." Investigating philosophies from the Romantics, Nietzsche, Marx, Wilde, Freud, and the New Left, he outlines the history of Western thought to the distinctly sexual direction of present-day identity politics, providing readers with a clearer understanding of the modern implications of these ideas on religion, free speech, and issues related to personal identity. For fans of Trueman's The Rise and Triumph of the Modern Self, this new book offers a more concise presentation and application of some of the most critical topics of our day.

204 pages, Paperback

First published February 15, 2022

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About the author

Carl R. Trueman

95 books531 followers
Carl R. Trueman (PhD, University of Aberdeen) is the Paul Woolley Professor of Church History at Westminster Theological Seminary and pastor of Cornerstone Presbyterian Church (OPC) in Ambler, Pennsylvania. He was editor of Themelios for nine years, has authored or edited more than a dozen books, and has contributed to multiple publications including the Dictionary of Historical Theology and The Cambridge Companion to Reformation Theology.

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Displaying 1 - 30 of 806 reviews
Profile Image for Timothy.
4 reviews
August 17, 2022
I came to this book as someone who loves philosophy and studying the rise and causes of Modernity. Sadly, this book is lacking in many areas. Trueman's attempt at finding out how and why we are in this conundrum in the West downplays the role slavery, colonialism, empire, and racism had in building modernity. The modern mind is plagued with guilt over these sins by which the West became a dominant superpower. This book's intentional misremembering of the past is how atrocities are committed in the present. This book justifies racialized capitalism and provides theological justification of moderate white supremacy.

You cannot write an honest history of the sexual revolution and the modern self as it relates to technology without the political and social connections to the Civil Rights movement and the entire structure of consumer capitalism that was built from racialized disparity and wealth creation. Modern technology and technique would not be possible apart from the imperialism of the West and its use of power for domination of resources and cheap labor.

This book might be a nice study of a sliver of truth but in reality, it’s overlooking the dominant themes of western “progress” which were tied to cheap labor and the extermination of “inferior” societies in order to take the coveted prize of being a world superpower via Manifest Destiny. This is a huge blunder to not connect the buffered self to technique > imperialism > power > church's complicity.

This account denies the embodied nature of historical change as much as it tries to defend it. Trueman's story coddles the Christian community’s self-image to vindicate it in the light of modernity’s atrocities rather than seeing modernity and Secularization as the fruit of the church’s violence and its fractured, guilty conscience. It ironically serves as a therapeutic denial of reality and is a simple attempt to whitewash the church’s continually bloody history in the West by what it does not say.

On top of these issues, the complete misunderstanding of sexual desire really makes this book hopeless and pedantry of the worst kind. Any honest history of the church’s blundering when it comes to sex and sexuality in the West cannot but see how dishonest this one-sided account is. One cannot look honestly at the West’s sexual revolution and not see it as a direct reaction to the collective western church’s abuse of sexuality. What we’re seeing today is definitely an overreaction but a reaction TO abuses, nonetheless.

There’s a great deal about how the church is affected by the anti-culture but very little about how we helped create it or how much repenting we need to do to have any moral credibility in our day. This book does nothing but coddle the mind that wants a reason to feel justified in seeking to rise up against our current state. It may not be the intended motive but it surely will be the result.

Having been in these confessional Reformed circles for over a decade, this fundamentalist kind of posturing is not lost. Knowing your audience and how they will interpret what is said is vital— since nothing is said in a vacuum. And the authoritarian spirit that dominates many Reformed, evangelical and conservative churches is not nothing. It shouldn’t be taken lightly.

Such popular works will surely add to the problem of modernity that he tries to diagnose. Having been in these circles for so long, I shouldn’t be surprised by this posturing but again I am since it directly enforces the popular politics of selfishness over agapic self-sacrifice. The reception of books like this vindicates the very culture that has demonized any cultural Other or pariah.

It’s really not lost when the author mocked race issues as a cultural fad that likely won’t be around very long on his podcast. It is not lost when the inherent posture of the author is a martyr complex instead of a repentant, self-sacrificial one of a Christian.

This book is a bad history, genealogy of modernity and the use of these stories is meant to justify current ways of seeing and relating to the world. This account really does not help us love our neighbors better or see them as Christ does. It insulates us from any self-criticism and the need for communal repentance and contrition.
Profile Image for Ivan.
754 reviews116 followers
September 6, 2021
Carl Trueman distills his larger The Rise and Triumph of the Modern Self while still offering a fresh and original work that presses his argument in under 200 pages. His final chapter (“Strangers in This Strange New World”) ought to be required reading for every pastor and church leader. Trueman points to the church’s complicity in our expressive individualist world, explains how the second-century church can serve as a model of “cultural protest” (as opposed to “engaging the culture”), calls on pastors to preach the whole counsel of God’s Word and deliberately use catechisms, lifts up the Psalms as vital ingredient in shaping our moral intuitions and inner lives, advocates for the discipleship value of natural law, and concludes with a word on Christian hope that is neither given to impotent despair nor naïve optimism. What a gift of a book.
Profile Image for Jeremy.
Author 3 books370 followers
November 9, 2025
There's an excellent few pages at the end on natural law (pp. 182–85).

Ryan Anderson's "review" (an adaptation of his foreword) is at First Things. So what does that make his review? An adaptation of a foreword to a popularized version of one of the most important books in the last decade? Yeah, that works.

WORLD review here. TGC review by Shane Morris. This review stinks. Here's Trueman's own summary.

I wrote something about identity here, and I wrote something about the limits of vulnerability here.
Profile Image for Ashley Hoss.
195 reviews29 followers
April 19, 2022
I have not read The Rise and Triumph of the Modern Self, but I know that Strange New World is meant to be a condensed version of that book. I found Strange New World to be very approachable and thorough. If you have ever wondered how we got to a point in society where moral relativism is reigning supreme, Strange New World gives an interesting take looking back through the last 200 years of western history to show how some thought leaders have influenced our behavior and thought processes.

I will be completely honest in saying that I wanted to read this book out of morbid curiosity, but ultimately thought it would be full of overblown hysterics before I read it. Through reading it, I developed a lot of respect for Carl Trueman, who I wasn't hugely familiar with prior (I've read clips of one of his other books and was aware he had a podcast, but that was the extent of my knowledge). Trueman's writing is insightful and nuanced. Strange New World prompted me to think about what it means to truly be human and has pointed me towards exceptionally fruitful discussions.

Thank you to Crossway & NetGalley for a copy of this book in exchange for my review!
198 reviews41 followers
June 17, 2022
Having slogged my way through Trueman’s “The Rise and Triumph of the Modern Self” last year, I was pleased to see a more readable, accessible, and digestible volume of that earlier book. I think this book will be a real gift to the church, but only if she chooses to wrestle with the spiritual and theological implications that Trueman insightfully draws out. The shortcoming of this book (though I recognize it does not intend to address many spiritual or theological consequences of the problems identified) is that it will not give you any “now what” reflections. So, if we are able to take the diagnoses that Trueman gives and to apply the wisdom and insight of the Scriptures to them, I think we will make strides in acting upon the prevailing winds of doctrine in the world rather than be the objects who are acted upon. To give one example, Trueman claims that romantic thinkers like Rousseau have paved the way for conceiving of one’s feelings as the authoritative measure of what is right and true in the world. You can imagine how locating authority in feelings rather than in the objectivity of truth given by God can lead to the breakdown of societal and religious norms. Now, we can look at a diagnosis like this and bemoan a world that has lost all objectivity. Yet, when we do this, we assume that the problems Trueman draws out are primarily a problem outside the church rather than within the church. Why I think this book is so insightful is because it identifies ways that many Christians act and live subconsciously. How many Christian conceive of God in such a way that feels right rather than with the picture the Bible paints of God? How many Christians prioritize their retirement fund or personal well-being and gym memberships more than evangelizing their neighbors or giving sacrificially to the relief of the poor because they assume they are “owed” a life of retirement or personal health? So, rather than letting the ideas of expressive individualism take root in our own hearts, we must bring our feelings to God and subject them to the wisdom of His word. The Psalms are a great model of what it looks like to be honest about one’s feelings while still submitting them to God and to his truth. Read this book and invite others to read it with you!
Profile Image for Old Dog Diogenes.
117 reviews74 followers
September 13, 2023
I read The Rise and Triumph of the Modern Self last year with a friend, and I loved it. This one is a condensed version of that book. It was a great way to refresh myself on the ideas presented in the previous book, and I’m glad that it exists, so I can recommend it to family members and church friends that only read very occasionally, as it is a bit more accessible than the original, especially due to it’s short length. If you are really interested in what Trueman is saying and you could only read one, I’d stick to the first one. If you want to read a quick and concise version, grab this one.
Profile Image for Daniel.
159 reviews1 follower
July 8, 2022
Striking, instructive, significant.

Especially agree with this line in the last chapter:
“And that means we need to work harder at explaining not simply the content but also the rationale of Christian morality.”

IOW, not only is God’s Word true and truth, it is better and best.
Profile Image for Dr. David Steele.
Author 8 books263 followers
May 8, 2022
The sexual revolution of the 60’s fundamentally changed the cultural landscape in North America. Yet, percolating beneath the surface was an even more diabolical worldview; a worldview that many are unfamiliar with. Even those who have engaged with the history of Western civilization may be jolted when the implications become clear.

The Strange New World by Carl R. Trueman pulls back the veil and alerts us to the underlying ideologies that have catapulted our current views about self and sexuality in the Western world. Trueman shows readers in a precise and shocking way how men have forgotten God and presents reasons for their tragic decision. This book is essentially a retooling of Trueman’s remarkable work, The Rise and Triumph of the Modern Self. It will serve the needs of a wider reading audience and provide a more accessible platform, which in the end should reach more people.

The driving argument of Trueman’s work is this: “The issues we face today in terms of sexual politics are a symptom or manifestation of the deeper revolution in selfhood that the rise and triumph of expressive individualism represents.” The goal of the author is achieved and is undergirded by meticulous research from multiple angles - theological, sociological, psychological, and beyond.

Strange New World should be celebrated for its candor and penetrating analysis of the human condition. It sufficiently lays the groundwork for more study and deeper discussions in the coming days.
13 reviews1 follower
May 18, 2022
The most important book I’ve read this year. A must read for anyone that holds to the Christian faith and wants to make sense of the new cultural narrative. I appreciate his applications and recommendations for believers and the Church at large at the end of the book.
Profile Image for Peter Spaulding.
223 reviews6 followers
July 16, 2022
I would just read Charles Taylor instead. This is a v incomplete history of modern notions of identity. He conveniently leaves out the Reformation thinkers that were pivotal in formulating the social imaginary of Germany and England that gave rise to the Romantics. He throws it in v late in the book, which breaks the continuity and shows his hand. Maybe this has something to do with his target audience/market. Also he manages to not mention anything about Nietzsche’s influence on the right. Why?!? His section on Nietzsche is mostly spent talking about Oscar Wilde for some reason.

This book merely takes the careful work of thinkers like Taylor and MacIntyre and white-washes it for Protestant readers that want to be comfortable in their sense of being so different from the left. Tom Holland’s “Dominion” would also be a good antidote as it implicates Christianity in much of the values of the left. It’s insane to say “look at how crazy Rousseau and Marx are!” and then be completely silent on the enormous influence of Luther and Calvin on their views. To again use the terminology of the book, the wild iconoclasm of the Reformers (something that Truman and his readers value) creates the necessary conditions for the rise of Romanticism and Marxism in Northern Europe (things that Truman and his readers see as clearly the bad guys).

I don’t think he’s wrong about everything—not even close—I just think it’s rather careless for a book on a subject of such pivotal importance to contemporary western politics.
110 reviews2 followers
January 26, 2023
A very intellectual book which traces how our worlds sexual ethic came to be. I think the book is structured really well, starting with the history of expressive individualism, romanticism, how sex became political and human morality to our societies current sexual ethic and its paradox’s to us as Christian’s being strangers in this strange new world and what that means for us.

Highly recommend.
Profile Image for Steph Ng.
16 reviews
January 14, 2023
SO interesting - the last chapter especially had great practical tips on living faithfully in today's culture as a Christian. though this book mostly just made me think that this world is a soup and we're all just ingredients living in it
Profile Image for MG.
1,107 reviews17 followers
August 13, 2022
STRANGE NEW WORLD: How Thinkers and Activists Redefined Identity and Sparked the Sexual Revolution by Carl Trueman sets out to explain how we went from a culture shaped by Christian values to a world where being anti-gay and anti-trans is seen as bigotry and immoral. He sites Marx, Freud, Nietzsche, Willian Reich, and many others to make his argument that we now live in a world of expressive individualism where we expect out external world to match our internal state—hence, “I am a woman trapped in a man’s body.” That is all well and good for his audience of fellow Christians, but I became suspicious when I realized his main purpose was merely critical—explaining why Christians are right and the world is wrong—with little to no constructive or positive case for building a Christian case for sexual identity and its corresponding politics. I have been around long enough to question anyone who merely wants to reassure older Christians that they are indeed the good guys. Still, I was surprised. He even qualifies his argument by saying that expressive individualism describes much of what is indeed true (since Jesus himself implies we should be judged by not just our actions but also by our inner expressions—Matthew 5:27-28). While he describes accurately where many radical critics went too far, he spends hardly any time describing the actual line over which expressive individualism becomes problematic. That would have been helpful and constructive, but I don’t think that is his mission. Imagine writing a whole book on sexual identity and the rightness of traditional thought without mentioning the errors of patriarchy, the abuse and tolerance of misogyny over centuries, the hatred and discrimination and abuse against gay people, or the certainty by which racism was seen as “God’s perspective” for so many centuries. He studied Marx and Nietzsche and others without really wrestling with what they were reacting to, which is a blind spot and shows that the real goal is merely to justify and defend the old status quo, which is strange for a historian or for a fellow Christian who claims to believe in original sin. I appreciate deep history that helps us connect the dots, but this is not that. This is nostalgia in service to preserved an outdated status quo.
Profile Image for Sam R.
53 reviews1 follower
January 6, 2023
A transphobic Englishman writes Christian boomer “philosophy” blaming Nietzsche and Marx for turning everyone gay. Wow. The perfect study guide for evangelical pastors needing to “navigate our present cultural moment.”
Profile Image for Cathryn.
401 reviews39 followers
May 8, 2024
Highly recommend. This is a condensed version of his academic work “The Rise and Fall of the Modern Self”. Starting mostly in the time of the Enlightenment, this is an overview of how we’ve gotten to the current societal culture today. I liked that he looked at earlier church history. I also liked looking at different thinkers that have misled secular worldviews. I liked how he ended with hope and encouragement for Christians loving in this strange new world. I feel like I need to read it again!
Profile Image for Marty.
80 reviews2 followers
February 1, 2024
A very accessible read on how expressive individualism has taken over the modern age. Recomend
Profile Image for Kelsey Sontag.
119 reviews
March 27, 2023
This was such a good summary of why we are where we are today in regards to the sexual revolution we find ourselves in. His conclusion at the end and spurring on for Christians was one of my favorites. So simple. So bold. So good.

This is a more concise book of his previous book “The Rise of the Modern Self”…this one is for us lowly people of simple minds. 😆 I would categorize this as a must read for all!
Profile Image for Samuel Taylor.
12 reviews2 followers
April 10, 2023
Outstanding!
I haven’t come across a better articulation of the zeitgeist. I’ve been enjoying authors who read very dense but important literature, and then condense it into an accessible way like Trueman has done in ‘Strange New World’.
He explains how and why expressive individualism and the psychologising of the self has become the new rationale for identity, and why traditional metrics are now considered oppressive.

If you are interested in understanding the times, and wonder how Christians should respond, then I think you should prioritise reading this book.

“The intuitive moral structure of our modern social imaginary prioritizes victimhood, sees selfhood in psychological terms, regards traditional sexual codes as oppressive and life denying, and places a premium on the individual’s right to define his or her own existence.”
- Carl R. Trueman
Profile Image for Christopher Humphrey .
283 reviews13 followers
May 5, 2022
We live in a strange time. We live in a time when self-expression and expressive individualism are worshiped as the highest good and the principles which may not be violated. But how did we arrive at this particular cultural moment? In "Strange New World: How Thinkers and Activists Redefined Identity and Sparked the Sexual Revolution" Carl R. Trueman attempts to provide an answer.

This book is a precis of sorts for his longer form work, "The Rise and Triumph of the Modern Self: Cultural Amnesia, Expressive Individualism, and the Road to Sexual Revolution." But rather than a precis, this book is more aptly described a a popular version of more scholarly "Rise and Triumph" book. My personal recommendation would be for the reader to first tackle "Strange New World." If one desires more extensive study on the various topics, then the reader may proceed to the longer form book. I personally found both works extremely helpful.

To make his case for how we arrived in this strange new world, Trueman briefly and helpfully explores the philosophical antecedents that led our culture to its current confused state. One should not be intimidated by this philosophic history because Trueman is a concise and clear writer. Indeed, Trueman has a unique ability to distill a great volume of thought into a few helpful paragraphs, while still being true to the original sources. A diligent reader will be rewarded with a helpful review of the history of thought, especially as it pertains to the concept of expressive individualism.

Trueman logically argues from this history of thought how our current society has come to terms with concepts that even a decade ago would have been unthinkable. And Trueman's last Chapter is a helpful call to action for how faithful Christians ought to respond to our current cultural milieu. It is my hope that Trueman and others (like Rod Dreher has already done in "The Benedict Option" and "Live Not by Lies") will follow up on this discourse to more action steps for Christians as they seek to be faithful in this present evil age.

This is an important book because it is so relevant to our culture at this very moment. Form a group ( a la Dreher) and study this book on your knees with your Bible in the other hand, turn off cable news and get busy! Happy reading!
Profile Image for Brittany Lindvall.
155 reviews23 followers
August 27, 2022
I have not yet read Rise and Triumph but I am even more certain I will after finishing this one. Dr. Trueman is such a gifted communicator and I appreciate his clear and well thought out explanation of the sexual revolution and the impact it has on the church and how we can respond in a loving, Godly way. Highly recommend!
Profile Image for David J. Harris.
269 reviews29 followers
August 31, 2022
A condensed version of Trueman's Rise and Triumph of the Modern Self. This is more accessible, but still is incredibly informative for just 184 pages, and quite edifying as well. This would be a better option for pastors to give away to people who are not avid readers, but still want to know how to engage the culture in light of the expressive individualism that dominates contemporary society.
Profile Image for Peter Blair.
Author 1 book6 followers
May 18, 2022
A more accessible summary of Trueman’s last book, with some new material in chapters 5, 6, and 9. Worth reading even if you’ve read The Rise And Triumph Of The Modern Self.
Profile Image for Bethany Schultz.
109 reviews4 followers
February 27, 2024
Beautifully concise and gracious articulation of how we got from A to B to C to D in the sexual revolution. AND a very practical and hopeful application chapter at the end to help pull it all together. I’m very excited to discuss this in our church ladies’ book club in a couple weeks. This book belongs on every Christian’s shelf (after it’s been in their hands, of course).
Profile Image for Mark Gring.
Author 3 books25 followers
May 17, 2022
This is a very good updated, but also more accessible read of Trueman's ideas. Yes, he does cover some similar ideas/developments as he covered in the Rise and Triumph of the Modern Self, but he adds a couple of chapters that are new. I was pleased he included more about technology with this text. He makes a good case for the dual causality of both "ideas" and "material conditions" that help to bring changes about in cultures. I appreciated this historiographic acknowledgment and found it a helpful addition and point of contemplation. Trueman also adds another chapter where he talks about our (contemporary Christian) participation in the very things he discusses-we may find great difficulty with some of these ideas/attitudes but we also benefit from them and identify with it.

One very minor criticism of this text is really a broad critique I have for MOST Christian authors who write about and critique "technology" and culture--they really need to read the works of Jacques Ellul and Neil Postman. Both Ellul and Postman have their limitations but their ideas about "technique" and propaganda (Ellul) along with Postman's ideas about "technopoly" and "amusement" would serve to add greater depth to the theological understanding already there in Trueman's work.

Despite my very minor caveat, I STRONGLY recommend this work. Get it! Read it! Give it as gifts!
This should be in the hands of students in high schools and colleges (I am tempted to make it part of my required readings at a state university) and the regular people in the church pews.
A main reason this will NOT be in the hands of churchgoers, I suspect, is because their church leaders are likely part of the "woke" crowd who will not want their soft ideological underbellies exposed.
Profile Image for Misty Wilson read.fine.print.
419 reviews32 followers
January 16, 2025
How do you feel about children deciding they are a different gender, and parents allowing them to adjust their bodies permanently? Have you ever pondered the huge emphasis our society puts on sex and sexual attraction? In the past, identities weren’t based on these things, so why are our identities based on these things now? If you’ve asked any of these questions, then you should read this book. You won’t find all the answers to the questions, but you will discover how our society ended up where we are today.

Things Trueman discusses:
Community— It can be found online now. In the past, we found our “people” all around us physically, now our society is fragmented because our loyalties lie in narratives we have found online.

Happiness— Freud defines a happy life as a sexually fulfilled life. He said our identities are defined by our sexual desires. At the time, this was a unique outlook and now it has defined our culture.

Sex—“In biblical times or in ancient Greece, sex was regarded as something that human beings did; today it is considered to be something vital to who human beings are.”

Morality—Nietzsche said morality is really just about taste. So often we will speak of morality in terms of taste or aesthetics: That remark was hurtful. That idea is offensive. That viewpoint makes me feel unsafe. Is there a right and wrong or is it all about how things make us feel?

This book is wordy! As you can see from the quotes, Trueman tracks philosophy through the ages and we see how so much of today is based on the philosophers’ ideas of the past. It’s one I will be mulling over for a long time. It made the puzzling things about our society at least a little bit more understandable.
Profile Image for Heidi.
1,184 reviews5 followers
August 16, 2022
4.5 stars
Essential reading for the Christian wanting to understand how to interact with people steeped in today’s culture - whether believers or unbelievers.
A social science and historical-philosophical explanation of how the past century or more has brought us to where we are today, in terms of the sexual revolution of the 21st century.
I learned so much about the influence of Rousseau, Wilde, Descartes, Wordsworth, Nietschze, Freud, Darwin, Marx, AIDS - and many other influences - which have shaped our current culture’s concept of identity and reality.
I’m grateful for this shorter, edited version of his original, The Rise and Triumph of the Modern Self. I attempted the original, but quickly realized I would get bogged down by all the philosophy. This one was in-depth and challenging, but not such a big project as the original would have been for me.
No wonder this has been called one of the most important Christian books of our time. Essential reading.
13 reviews2 followers
October 3, 2022
I was initially skeptical about this book. However I found it to be a clear and balanced analysis of how we got to where we are. Or maybe, more evidently, how I got to where I am.

It’s clear what the author’s own position is, and I didn’t always agree with it - however I really do feel like he presented history and culture in a measured and fair way.

I’ve left with a deeper understanding of my own views and maybe some of my peers as well. Would absolutely recommend if you’d like a thought-provoking read.
Profile Image for Mark Congdon.
46 reviews3 followers
April 3, 2023
This book is a must-read for conservative Christians in 2023. Trueman's diagnosis of our culture's disease is clinical. There is both encouragement for Christ-followers as well as words of warning. Feel free to borrow my copy.
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