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After Humanity: A Guide to C.S. Lewis’s The Abolition of Man

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After Humanity is a guide to one of C.S. Lewis’s most widely admired but least accessible works, The Abolition of Man, which originated as a series of lectures on ethics that he delivered during the Second World War.

These lectures tackle the thorny question of whether moral value is objective or not. When we say something is right or wrong, are we recognizing a reality outside ourselves, or merely reporting a subjective sentiment? Lewis addresses the matter from a purely philosophical standpoint, leaving theological matters to one side. He makes a powerful case against subjectivism, issuing an intellectual warning that, in our “post-truth” twenty-first century, has even more relevance than when he originally presented it.

Lewis characterized The Abolition of Man as “almost my favourite among my books,” and his biographer Walter Hooper has called it “an all but indispensable introduction to the entire corpus of Lewisiana.” In After Humanity, Michael Ward sheds much-needed light on this important but difficult work, explaining both its general academic context and the particular circumstances in Lewis’s life that helped give rise to it, including his front-line service in the trenches of the First World War.

After Humanity contains a detailed commentary clarifying the many allusions and quotations scattered throughout Lewis’s argument. It shows how this resolutely philosophical thesis fits in with his other, more explicitly Christian works. It also includes a full-color photo gallery, displaying images of people, places, and documents that relate to The Abolition of Man, among them Lewis’s original “blurb” for the book, which has never before been published.

243 pages, Kindle Edition

Published June 7, 2021

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Michael Ward

23 books186 followers
Librarian Note: There is more than one author in the GoodReads database with this name.

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Displaying 1 - 30 of 74 reviews
Profile Image for Jeremy.
Author 3 books371 followers
March 11, 2025
I reviewed this book at The Gospel Coalition. With the dustjacket off, the book looks very similar to The Control of Language–the Green Book that Lewis criticizes (so it appears that Ward is not above trolling).

This guide has chapters on reception, occasion and context, overview, "A Religious Work?," background, and legacy. It also contains a chapter with commentary and glosses on The Abolition of Man. Dennis Danielson liked it.

See my review of The Abolition of Man here.

Here's a Law & Liberty review. See Beckwith's review here.
Profile Image for Michael.
Author 23 books186 followers
February 3, 2023
Very pleased with how this book has come together, and absolutely delighted with the brilliant design by Word On Fire Academic. One thing I'm particularly chuffed by is the photo gallery, in which appear a number of images that have never been published before and that (though I say it myself who shouldn't) are very helpful to a fuller understanding of Lewis's work. As an author, I don't put out work that I'm not satisfied with, but there are some books that I'm more proud of than others, and this - along with 'Planet Narnia' - is at the top of the list.
Profile Image for Holly Ordway.
Author 21 books234 followers
May 3, 2021
I was fortunate to read an advance copy of "After Humanity" and can report this is a must-have addition to the shelves of any reader interested in the work of C.S. Lewis! "Abolition of Man" is an extraordinarily important, even prophetic book, but also Lewis's most difficult - and Michael Ward's book is the guide I've always wished for, and more. Ward provides a detailed, fascinating, and highly readable exploration of "Abolition": its importance, its key ideas, its origin and context. I was fascinated to discover how the philosophical themes of Abolition extend, in various ways, through many of Lewis's other works, including fictional. As a result, "After Humanity" also sheds new light on books such as "That Hideous Strength" and "Pilgrim's Regress". These chapters deepen my understanding and appreciation both of "Abolition" and of Lewis's thought and work as a whole.

"After Humanity" also provides a detailed and thorough Commentary and Gloss on the entire text of "Abolition". The Gloss explains Lewis's many allusions and untranslated Latin or Greek phrases, as well as of any proper names, etc. that are likely to be unfamiliar to the modern reader. This is enormously helpful to every reader (I learned a great deal) and it's a game-changer for students. The Commentary goes into more depth on important passages, and includes well-chosen quotations from other scholars' writings on "Abolition", making it an indispensible reference book.

And the whole book is written in Ward's beautifully clear and engaging style, so that this deep and wide-ranging scholarship is fully accessible and inviting to every reader. It's a pleasure to read, and the full-color photo gallery adds further interest to the book. Highly recommended.
Profile Image for Cindy Rollins.
Author 20 books3,394 followers
December 27, 2021
Very helpful guide to The Abolition of Man. Like Abolition not a one a done kind of book.
Profile Image for Mark.
68 reviews6 followers
May 21, 2022
I received this book as a Christmas present, along with a matching copy of The Abolition of Man. (Buying the set together is a good idea, because this book has a page-by-page commentary on Abolition and this way the pages line up.)

It took me a few months to slowly work through both, but I thoroughly enjoyed them. I have tried to read Abolition a couple times over the past few decades. Although it was not completely incomprehensible, I knew I wasn't really fully understanding it. After Humanity does a fantastic job of making it clear.

Ward starts with a biography of Lewis up to the point of writing Abolition. The focus on his academic life and background puts the essay in context, showing why Lewis wrote it, and the cultural concerns he was trying to address. There is then a page-by-page commentary on the text, where Ward does a great job of explaining the many historical and literary references that Lewis makes but that we modern (meaning, uneducated) readers don't know. Ward then concludes with a summary of major themes.

One thing I didn't realize until reading this (even though Lewis explicitly states it) is that Lewis' That Hideous Strength is basically an illustration in the form of a novel of what he is discussing in The Abolition of Man. I happen to have an audiobook of That Hideous Strength, so I listened to it over the course of time I was reading these books. That was so fun!. There were so many points throughout listening and reading where I could make the connections between the books. I highly recommend doing that if you get the chance.
Profile Image for Renee.
309 reviews53 followers
August 11, 2021
This is the perfect companion for the Abolition of Man. I read both books together this time ( the Abolition was my second reading ) and got a lot more insight this time.

After Humanity helps us connect with what Lewis read, knew and what was happening at the time of his writing. This book made me even more enthusiastic to read all the books Lewis read, I will never have time in this lifetime to accomplish this feat but one can try
Profile Image for J. Wootton.
Author 9 books212 followers
September 12, 2021
"...I have been reading C.S. Lewis' The Abolition of Man for nearer thirty years than twenty, and lucid though it is, reading Abolition is best served by keeping entire humanities curricula at the forefront of one’s brain. But if you can’t do that (God knows I can’t), then keeping After Humanity close to hand will do instead."

Click here for the complete review.
Profile Image for Skrivena stranica.
439 reviews86 followers
December 19, 2021
This book is written on the highest academic level and is an amazing help in understanding The Abolition of Man to anyone interested in it. What can turn someone away is dry academic style. So, this book is way better than it is interesting. I will not act like this book is for everyone, this is written for those that love Lewis and wish to approach him from the scholarly perspective.
Profile Image for Jeff Miller.
1,179 reviews206 followers
July 17, 2021
Some years ago I read C.S. Lewis' "The Abolition of Man" At the time I knew I probably only grasped a little of it.

So I was looking forward to reading it again side-by-side with this guide "After Humanity" by Michael Ward.

The initial intuition of my grasp of it was generous. There were so many literary illusions that flew over me along with the whole context. So I found this book invaluable in giving context to each of the three chapters from the lectures. That alone helped. There is almost a paragraph-by-paragraph guide to the intricacies of Lewis's references and arguments. In the end, an overview since we were down in the weeds.

I also appreciated that this was also a critical guide to when the author thought Lewis' arguments were not presented well or other perceived defects.

Plus now I need to re-read Lewis' Space Trilogy with any insights I gained.
Profile Image for Sarah.
97 reviews
Read
May 18, 2024
Really interesting and thorough! I’ve always wondered what the Green Book was in fact, and this helped give contextual information for Abolition. A gloss/commentary is always going to be an awkward reading experience, but I think it would be a good teaching guide or reference to have on hand.
Profile Image for Sean Higgins.
Author 9 books26 followers
September 21, 2022
_The Abolition of Man_ by C. S. Lewis is a worldview game-changer. Rather, it's a book about how certain attempted changes to the game are bringing an end to humanity, and in the name of humanity. That's bad.

Ward's book is a commentary on Lewis's book, with background material and line by line explanations of references and persons that Lewis assumed his 1943 academic audience would know.

As with many commentaries, _After Humanity_ is three times the length of _Abolition_'s original text. Yet Ward knows his stuff, and the extra pages will repay the effort of reading. Maybe read Lewis three or ten times, then read Ward, then go back to Lewis yet again.
Profile Image for Kristofer.
5 reviews1 follower
March 13, 2025
Very balanced and fair! Deeply researched.

“The immemorial Way, the nexus of practical reason that surrounds and supports all human beings and summons them to ethical maturity, teaches that defeat is no refutation. Might is not right. Early in youth, Lewis had learned that honour was due to wisdom, not to power. Many years later, however, he would learn the wisdom of … honouring one particular kind of power: ‘Nature confesses that she has given to the human race the tenderest hearts, by giving us the power to weep. This is the best part of us.’”
Profile Image for Benjamin Phillips.
257 reviews18 followers
January 27, 2025
I have read the original many times, and this helped me understand it in a much fuller light.
Ward’s ability to bring in Lewis’ elsewhere developments of similar themes, his intellectual context, and other Lewisian scholarship is very valuable. The book is delivered well, though some of his evaluations of Lewis are debatable. (I especially appreciate his take on the work’s relation to theology and Lewis’ apologetic task)
Profile Image for Hogan Hurley.
19 reviews
March 15, 2025
Michael Ward is so good at articulating CS Lewis’ ideas that I sometimes start to think he is him.
Profile Image for Estera.
16 reviews
Read
November 6, 2022
CSL knew how to reconcile objectivity (not objectification) with subjectivity (not subjectivism)* in The Abolition of Man and M.Ward beautifully explained it in After Humanity.
“in coming to understand anything we are rejecting the facts as they are for us in favour of the facts as they are”
“What we know is objective: the manner in which we know is subjective. A human being does not merely perceive an objective reality in external nature; he has an objectively real nature himself, a nature in which sentiments are a right and proper part and which may be more or less well attuned to reality both within and without.”
“Moral value is objective – that is to say, it has a reality which is not merely the subjective projection of my will – but it must not be objectified, i.e., reduced to a thing which I am not in a personal relationship with.”

*(More importantly, CSL argued that fact and value, truth and meaning, and reason and imagination, are all held together by the Logos that illumines all Reality.)
Profile Image for Brenton.
Author 1 book77 followers
August 14, 2021
Reading C.S. Lewis's The Abolition of Man with Michael Ward's excellent new guide, After Humanity, resulted in my most profitable and thoughtful experience of what is (arguably) C.S. Lewis's most important work of non-fiction.
Profile Image for Barry.
1,223 reviews57 followers
June 13, 2022
As subtitled, this is a guide to read along with, or following, The Abolition of Man. It probably does more explaining than expounding, but it’s still a worthwhile read for fans of CSL and/or AoM.
Profile Image for Ian Clary.
113 reviews
March 21, 2022
Michael Ward is the world's leading scholar of C. S. Lewis. In this book he provides us a very erudite, well-researched, and compelling guide to Lewis' "Abolition of Man." Though it was written at the waning of World War II, "Abolition" has a timeless quality about it, functioning both as a critique of the culture of Lewis' day, and a prophecy about the coming collapse of humanity. This collapse, Lewis saw clearly, has many reasons (i.e. children's education, technocracy, scientism), but the main cause that Lewis points to is the rise of subjectivism in light of human ignorance of the Tao. This word, drawn from Asian thought, symbolises for Lewis the objective nature of reality that guides human moral life -- in the past, theologians and philosophers have referred to this concept as the natural law.
Ward shows off his expertise in this work. It has introductory chapters setting the context and framing the issues to help readers understand why Lewis wrote and why he wrote as he did. Lewis' over-arching concern is to show that the subjective, inward turn, will move us to live "outside of the Tao" (outside of concrete reality), which will eventualise in the abolition of man. Lewis saw this first-hand in the European conflicts led by Nazi Germany, but he saw this same subjectivism in other western countries. Lewis' prophecy is finding its fulfillment today in transhumanist and posthumanist philosophies. The bulk of Ward's book is an almost sentence-by-sentence commentary on the text of "Abolition." In this commentary Ward explains Lewis' interlocutors, the past influences on his thought, the use of literary terms, philosophical antecedents, secondary sources interpreting Lewis' thought, and the rest. The commentary shows Ward's impressive command of the issues.
All in all, this is a remarkably important book, mainly because Lewis' work is so important. Yet Ward has done such a good job that his guide is now necessary reading alongside "Abolition." This is so because Lewis' work is at times highly abstract, dense, and a little dated. Those potential hindrances should not keep us from reading and drawing value from the book. Ward's work will go a long way to helping keep Lewis' book alive for the average reader.
Profile Image for Caleb Smith.
25 reviews15 followers
June 17, 2021
I'm torn between 3 and 4 stars, to be honest, but for generosity's sake I give 4. As someone who has read Abolition at least 3 or 4 times and is very familiar with Lewis' work in general, I found little new insight, clarity, or information save some moderately interesting biographical and historical background.

That said, for a new reader, or someone much less familiar with Lewis in general, this is very helpful. It clarifies the unfamiliar, gives lots of background, even defines some vocabulary words that I would not expect to need to define (e.g. "contraceptive"). The presentation of Lewis' argument and broader thought it accurate and clear.
Profile Image for Jack.
10 reviews
January 23, 2025
After Humanity dives ultra-deep into the mind of The Abolition of Man, providing background to every inch of the lectures Lewis gave so many years ago.

I decided to read the first few chapters first. These provide background info to the author, history, and subject of Lewis' Abolition of Man. I then chose to read Lewis' short lectures and return to After Humanity and walk through the book as Ward passed through every paragraph of each lecture. I found that it helped me understand Lewis so much more and clarified passages that I didn't even know I was confused about.

Ward clearly did his research, hats off to him.
Profile Image for Delwyn Campbell Sr.
45 reviews
February 16, 2025
A Worthy Companion

I read this book on preparation for reading "The Abolition of Man." At first, I intended to read them concurrently, but as I went deeper, I decided that, like looking at a map before taking the drive, I would be better served by this preparation. I now understand the "why," and can more profitably engage the "what."
Profile Image for Laurie.
477 reviews
July 25, 2022
A gracious gift to those who have struggled to grasp the full import of C.S. Lewis’ “Abolition of Man”. The gloss of various terms, names and quotations is valuable, as are the various cited observations from other authors. Extremely valuable!
Profile Image for Shannon.
809 reviews41 followers
October 21, 2021
My husband and I had a blast interviewing Ward about this book. The resulting article, probably far more of interest than my GR review, is here.

One of my favorite authors wrote a book about one of my all-time favorite books from another of my favorite authors. Of course I loved it!

Showing the careful scholarship that impressed in Planet Narnia, Ward tackles one of Lewis's densest works in After Humanity. The Abolition of Man, a collection of three philosophical lectures in which Lewis seeks to take down subjectivism, is a powerful and prophetic warning--it is bewildering and scary to see much of it seeming to unfold even today--but it's also an excellent example of good, hard thinking. It was one of Lewis's favorite works, and it has been corrective and formative in how I teach my students. Yet not many pick up this gem because in it, allusions, untranslated Greek and Latin phrases, and some very clever and difficult arguments abound. It can feel inaccessible.

Ward has not only brought the attention to Abolition of Man that it deserves, but has also provided a wonderful introduction, commentary, and gloss on the text, including a delicious feast of quotes from other scholars interacting with various passages. It's like the Study Bible for Abolition of Man!

I won't say my soul was soaring quite as much as it did when I read Planet Narnia, but that's to be expected, considering the subject matter. So, no tingling brushes with Joy here, but rather, throughout, a deep and satisfying sense of reading what was true. I feel I know Lewis better both as a thinker and as a person from having read this.
Profile Image for Jeremy Peyton.
102 reviews4 followers
April 10, 2023
I struggled with giving a 3 or 4 star rating. I landed on 3 for a couple of reasons. Firstly, the organization of the book was confusing in areas. Secondly, i did not find the “commentary” chapter (which is the largest) to be very helpful. It focused on small details where I believe it would be more fitting to spend more time on the larger themes. However, Ward did a wonderful job in connecting this work with Lewis’ own testimony and other works. Overall the work is very insightful into the mind and life of Lewis.
Profile Image for Leah.
55 reviews1 follower
Currently reading
December 13, 2025
“Dogmatic belief in objective value is a belief necessary to the very idea of a rule which is not tyranny or an obedience which is not slavery.”
Profile Image for Jackson Greer.
66 reviews1 follower
May 29, 2024
A wonderful guide to perhaps Lewis’s most important work.
Profile Image for Koos van Strien.
20 reviews
March 28, 2024
Should I give this book 2 stars, because I simply didn’t like the reading experience of the first three quarters of the book, going a bit too meticulously word-by-word through Lewis’ book like a commentary more than a guide?
Or 5 stars, because it really opened new layers in Lewis’ Abolition of Man, and I’m pretty excited now that I’ve finished reading the book?

- it was hard to work through. Took me almost three years for a mere 200 pages.
+ the conclusion is good, and ties up everything beautifully
+ it really shed light on the philosophical underpinnings of the Abolition of Man

I’ll settle for 4 stars, because it improved my understanding of Lewis’ philosophy and worldview way more than I expected.
10 reviews
June 28, 2024
This book helped me a great deal on my third read of The Abolition of Man. It provides great context to the book and really helped me dive deeper into content that can be hard to access. Very thankful for this book.
Profile Image for Mike.
381 reviews10 followers
August 13, 2025
An essential companion to CS Lewis’ The Abolition of Man. Highly recommended if you want to tackle of the most difficult of CS Lewis’ books.
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