An under-strength Gorkha battalion undertakes the Indian Army's first heliborne operation deep behind enemy lines, defeating a Pakistani force twenty times its strength. Fighters of the Indian Air force target the Government House in Dhaka in a daring air raid, forcing the Pakistani government in Dhaka to capitulate and surrender. Four battle casualties become close friends at the Artificial Limb Centre in Pune in the war's aftermath. In this collection of true stories, decorated war veteran Major General Ian Cardozo recounts what really happened during the 1971 Indo-Pak war, piecing together every story in vivid detail through interviews with survivors and their families. The book also seeks to commemorate the lives of those who were killed and wounded in this war, which took place fifty years ago. From the tragic tale of the INS Khukri and its courageous captain, who went down with his ship, to how a battalion of the Gorkhas launched what we accept as the last khukri attack in modern military history, these stories reveal what went on in the minds of those who led their men into battle-on land, at sea and in the air
On 17th December 2021 India celebrated 50 years of the Indo - Pak 1971 War in which Pakistan surrendered with 93000 soldiers the biggest surrender since World War II, Bangladesh celebrated 50 years of Independence.The war was fought by the Indian Armed Forces with such tactical planning, precision and effectiveness that Pakistan was brought to its haunches in just 13 days.
I love reading books on War not because for the destruction that War brings to society but to read about the struggles it brings to people, societies and countries and how they rise from it.
The Subcontinent was divided into India and Pakistan in 1947, Pakistan consisted of the Urdu speaking Muslim West and Bengali speaking Muslims in the East. The West believed that they were racially superior and bengalis from the east were not their equal, to add to it the revenue earned from resourceful rich East Pakistan was spend on the development of West Pakistan and by the time it was 1967 it was very evident that the West disregarded the East. The Election of 1970 in Pakistan resulted in Sheikh Mujibur Rehmans Awami League of East Pak wining the National Assembly Election by securing 167 out of 311 seats and defeating Zulfikar Ali Bhuttos Pakistans Peoples Party.
With the West not ready to accept that most of the ministers in the Pakistani cabinet would be Bengalis from East Pakistan General Ayub Khan the than President and Military Dictator of Pakistan jailed Sheikh Mujibur Rehman, imposed Curfew in Dhaka to quell the protest and brought in General Tikka Khan aka BUTHCHER OF EAST PAKISTAN who started the infamous Operation Searchlight, the Pakistan Military used tanks, rockets machine guns against unarmed Bengali citizens slaughtered Men, raped Women and Young girls in an unprecedented orgy of Violence.
What followed was an exodus of battered bengalis from East Pakistan crossing borders and taking Refuge in India unable to withstand the increasing Refuge population gathering at India side of its borders with East Pakistan the than Prime Minister Mrs. Indira Gandhi asked the Army Chief General Sam Bahadur Manekshaw to attack East Pakistan and Liberate it from the Pakistanis.
About the Book :- Absolutely loved it, General Ian Cardozo himself participated in this war part of the Gorkha Riffles than a Major he was injured during this war stepped on a land mine and lost his leg what was courageous was he cut off his on leg with a khukhri a dagger of the Gorkha Riffles as he knew his leg had to be amputated.
The book includes many stories, anecdotes and quotes from Officers and Generals from both India and Pakistan. General Ian Cardozo has written this book in simple english but a lot of military terms used.I could never manage to put this book down once it started.Its a book which showcases the Courage, Valor, Grit and Determination of the Indian Army.
This book reads like a thriller. All seven steps taken to develop a thriller, have been maintained here:
First you develop characters. Thereafter you take action. Thirdly you raise the stakes. And in the fourth step you generate complications – you announce a bit of action. In the fifth stage you present plot twists. And in the sixth you have the Climax, and in the seventh ‘The Ending’… Everything done to perfection in this book.
The author says in his Afterword: “Through the stories in this book, I have endeavored to give the reader some comprehension of what happened on the ground, in the air and at sea during the Indo–Pak war of 1971. India’s strategy and conduct of the war was exceptional. At the highest level, the synergy between the armed forces, the politicians and bureaucrats outshone past record, thereby ensuring a strategy that fully met India’s political and military aims. In the east, Pakistan’s strategy of strong defences on river obstacles fortified by dense minefields was based on the outworn belief that the Indian Army would assault these well-fortified defences and get bogged down in a war of attrition, giving the United States of America, China and the countries of the Middle East time to come to Pakistan’s aid.”
Fourteen chapters this book contains
1.The Hunt for the Vikrant 2.The Gates of Rattoke 3.Mission Karachi 4.The Beeb’s Best Broadcast 5.Long Shot at Longewala 6.Good Is Better Than Best 7.A Touch of Luck 8.Vazir 9.A Bullet for Breakfast 10.And Then There Was One 11.The Sinking of INS Khukri: A Captain’s Dilemma 12.The Beginning of the End 13.The Race for Dhaka 14.The Last Straw
Chapters 3, 5, 10 and 11 are dazzling. Reads just out of an Alistair MacLean or Desmond Bagley or Stieg Larsson tome.
However there are several shortcomings in the narrative.
Just last yesr I was perusing through a 2021 article penned by Maj Gen Harsha Kakar. Kakar says the following…
Kindly be patient enough to read him.
He says:
“Despite the US threatening India by sending its 7th Fleet to support Pakistan, India refused to deviate from its objective of freeing Bangladesh. While Pakistan failed to draw lessons from its defeat and continues to resort to the same policy of killings in Baluchistan, there are lessons for India which remain relevant and must be imbibed by the polity and the armed forces.
The first major lesson is close military-political coordination. Despite claims to the contrary, the advice of the then Army Chief to prepare and equip forces was accepted by the political leadership. The logic of the impact of weather on operations as also the need to train forces for offensive operations, as essential mandatory imperatives, was never questioned. In addition, was the vibrant diplomacy launched by the government to convince the world of India’s intent. The icing on the cake was the Indo-Soviet treaty, which provided its diplomatic support in global forums and kept other nations at bay. Close politico-military coordination ensured victory as it was launched at a time considered most appropriate for success and backed by multiple nations while the US was on the other side.
The government had involved the armed forces in national security decision-making and placed its trust in it to succeed. It implied that the government took the overarching decisions and left implementation to the forces. Over the years, the armed forces have been marginalised in the processes of national security decision-making. Even the National Security Council does not have an armed forces member in a permanent appointment. Of course, we have a Military Advisor as of now. It is a major drawback as threats to the nation have multiplied. Reconstituting national security organs and increasing the role of the armed forces in national security decision-making is essential.
All forces involved in the operations including the BSF and the Mukti Bahini were under the Eastern Army Commander. It ensured the unity of purpose, coordinated operations and cohesively employed all resources to pursue national objectives. This aspect has been lost sight of in recent times. Central Armed Police Forces including the BSF and ITBP deployed along the Line of Control, Line of Actual Control and counter-insurgency currently operate under their respective HQs and Ministries. It has diluted coordinated security operations. The concept of one commander responsible for a single theatre must be the norm.
National will to succeed was evident in 1971. The common Indian bore hardships to ensure the nation succeeded in its goals for liberating Bangladesh. Similar sentiments were displayed during the Kargil War. Despite internal differences, the nation has always stood as one during periods of war and invasion as also in supporting the valour and sacrifice of our soldiers. However, this will lose relevance in case the success of the armed forces is politicised and exploited during elections. Equally important is political parties avoiding criticizing armed forces for political gains.
During the 1971 war, the US placed restrictions on the export of spare parts for American origin equipment operated by the Indian armed forces. It was repeated post the nuclear blast in 1998. During that period India had very little US origin equipment. These incidents should have opened our eyes to the fact that the nation cannot be so dependent as to be subservient to the dictates of foreign powers and that indigenization is the bedrock for success in operations. It took almost five decades for this realization to sink in. Nations always act in self-interest and similar restrictions can be expected in future, too. It is therefore in our interest to support our domestic industry and concentrate on indigenization, rather than banking on imports.
Synergized operations were at the core of our success. Though there were no theatre commands nor a CDS, Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw and the Military Operations Department coordinated the operations. Joint operations like the Army and Air force cooperation in Longewala, crossing of the Meghna River, as also the blockades of Karachi and Chittagong by the Navy, ensured victory.
Capabilities have enhanced since then, leading to the services reconsidering their own concept of operations. However, our forces often work in silos rather than in unison. Disagreements in the initial stages of the Kargil War bear testimony. Thus, creating theatre commands for ensuring synergized operations is paramount and must be pursued with vigour.
Intelligence has always been the bane post-1971, despite enhancement in technology. In 1971, it was the Mukti Bahini that provided accurate field intelligence to enable speedy conduct of operations. Even with the proliferation of intelligence agencies, the quality of output has been impaired because of a lack of synergy among the agencies. Kargil and terrorist strikes within India succeeded because of flawed and failed intelligence. Our agencies compete with each other. Failure to determine Chinese intent led to their intrusion being detected post its occurrence. Unless India revamps its intelligence networks there will always be the chink in its armour for the enemy to exploit.
Initially, in 1971, the plan involved capturing territory in which a Bangladesh government could be established, and refugees moved back. The capture of Dacca came into the picture much later. As operations progressed, Dacca became the goal along with the unconditional surrender of Pakistani forces in the region. The lesson which emerges is that goals must always be refined with the progress of operations.
The victory in 1971 could have been exploited for settling major border issues with Pakistan on the bargaining table. There may have been political and diplomatic logic as to why it was not done. However, there were pockets captured which were vital for future operations and should have never been handed back. Had politico-military cooperation continued post the war, rather than a battle of ego between the polity and the military on grabbing limelight for success, this could have been achieved.
While possession of nuclear weapons has changed the future concept of operations and terminal objectives, strategic lessons from 1971 remain relevant. Ignoring them would be at the nation’s peril.”
And he has titled his article as: Strategic Lessons Of 1971 War That India Never Assimilated
There were countless lessons we failed to learn.
Watch out for the coming months – November-December 2024. India is about to commence a huge blunder, yet again.
A nice thriller this book is. Meant for the lay reader.
Book Review 1971: Stories of Grit and Glory from the Indo-Pak War by Ian Cardozo Genre: Memoirs Publisher: Penguin eBury Press Price: Paperback Rs 339/-, Kindle Rs 188.33 (Available on Amazon) My rating: ****
This book by Ian Cardozo are real-life stories from the 1971 Indo-Pak war. These are first-person accounts of the author and many other defence services officers – the preparations that went into it, the strategies that our forces employed, the courage that they displayed, the sacrifices made by our soldiers; it was a combination of all these and many other factors which resulted in victory. The author was a participant in the war as an army officer, and lost a leg during the operation.
As one reads through the book, one understands the reasons why India had to enter the war, why Sam Manekshaw insisted on the war to be deferred till December, how a perfect understanding between the politicians, the bureaucrats, and the three wings of the defence forces – army, air force, and navy – helped in the final outcome. Each member of the defence forces showed extraordinary courage.
It is a fast paced insightful read, written in a narrative style. The author has avoided using many defence terms, or going into details of bureaucratic process. The focus is to narrate events and stories of people who participated in those incidents. This is what makes the book relatable.
This book simply takes you right into the heart and soul of the men and the actions that gave us the unprecedented and comprehensive victory won by the Indian Armed Forces and the people of Bangla Desh on the backs of exemplary leadership at the Military, Political, and Administrative levels. What stands out is the beautiful and evocative manner in which Gen Cardozo enlists the readers heart and mind in this superb book, taking the reader personally into the fields of battle, on ground, at sea, and in the air, virtually living the actions depicted. I have no hesitation in rating this as one of the best written war books that I have read.
This book is a must read for those Indian Army and War aficionados who want to know more about the war, about the brave soldiers who fought it; how they braved all the odds and at the risk of their lives made victory possible.
This book contains some little known stories about some of the campaigns of the war, both on the Eastern and the Western front. Apart from being thoroughly entertaining, it also shed light on some of the little known aspects of the War. For example, everyone knows about the Battle of Longewala via the movie 'Border'. But that was a reel exaggeration. The story in the book is real. It tells us how that one fateful decision by Brigadier Kuldeep Singh Chandpuri changed the fate of the war and turned the tables on the enemy.
There is also the story of the 'The Gates of Rattocke', where the Indian army outsmarted the enemy, forced them to surrender and returned intact the Gates of the Gurudwara of Rattocke, a small town in Punjab in the Indo-Pak border, thereby restoring the dignity of the town and it's people.
Then there is the story of the Battle of Sylhet, where an undersized Indian infantry division tricked the larger size Pakistani garrison into surrender.
This book is a must read for all true Indian patriots. Read it. read about the brave men who took part in this war and made victory possible. I guarantee that your heart will swell in pride and tears will escape your eyes.
Lastly, I would like to congratulate Brigadier Ian Cardozo on his brilliant work in bringing these stories to light!
Indians in general, know very little about the 1971 Indo-Pak war, apart from 'Battle of Longewala' which was depicted in Hindi movie 'Border'. There are few other movies on the war, but I mentioned only the blockbuster. Many more inspiring movies can be made out of the 1971 Indo-Pak war. This book is a must read for Indians to get insights of the war and to get inspired by the valour of Indian armed forces. Author Ian Cardozo himself was part of this war. Author describes it in vivid detail without getting into complex military terminology and that description plays movie in your mind.
An incredible book about an incredible event. The 1971 war has many heroic stories, General Cardozo’s being one of them. Though an army man, General Cardozo covers key events from the Indian Navy and Air Force as well. Each story has a background to the episode described so has the associated bigger picture. Unlike normal military histories, where one gets lost in the descriptions of battle, this book flows easily and is a great read.
One of best books on the Indian military history that I have read. Being a son of a naval officer and an ardent military buff, I learnt a lot about the naval warfare in 1971 war. Especially, the swift and decisive victory on the sea by the killer squadron of the Indian Navy. Ok Moreover, the author takes the reader through the stories of valour and grit of the Indian armed forces during the various battles that unfolded on the land, air, and in the sea.
Major General Ian Cardozo has bought out the hidden stories from the 1971 war which most of us did not know. There were some stories like the Gates of Rattoke, Sylhet Gurkhas as well the story of the sinking of PNS Ghazi, INS Khukri. He also presented the story of the daughter of Commander Mulla who went down with his ship INS Khukri
Must read for anyone interested in the 1971 war. Unlike a historical timeline based narrative, the author has beautifuly broken down some major events in the war and conveyed them like short stories complete in them selves which are bound to fill any reader with interest, wonder, pariotism and immense respect for the protagnists in particular and the armed forces at large. Amazing!
Excellent, must read!... very detailed account of specific events. I particularly liked the detailed historic account of naval battle ships and submarines, which some other books do not cover in as much detail!
An excellent collection of stories from the 1971 Indo-Pak war. I have read some some of these earlier in other books but many were new to me including some of the insights into the fall of Dhaka.