春秋左传注(共6册修订本)/中国古典名著译注丛书

by 杨伯峻

《春秋左传》是中国现存最早的编年体史书，起自鲁隐公元年，迄于鲁哀公二十七年，是学习、研究先秦历史、文学、哲学和语言必读的典籍。作者积数十年之力，对左氏《春秋》经、传作详细校勘、分段、注释，充分吸收前人研究成果及近代考古资料，融会贯通，时出己见，是为当代《春秋左传》集大成之全注本。

Genres: China, History

Paperback

Published January 1, 2016

Reviews

[Barack Liu · Rating 5 out of 5]

465-Zuo Zhuan-Zuo Qiuming-History-476BC

Barack
2024/04/24

"Zuo Zhuan", the old biography was written by Zuo Qiuming in the Spring and Autumn Period, and modern people believe that it was compiled by people in the Warring States Period. It is the first chronological history book with a complete narrative in ancient China, and it is also representative of pre-Qin prose works. The work was originally called "Zuo Shi Chunqiu", which was renamed "Chunqiu Zuo Shi Zhuan", "Chunqiu Nei Zhuan" and "Zuo Shi" in the Han Dynasty. After the Han Dynasty, it was often called "Zuo Zhuan". It is one of the important classics of Confucianism and an important study history book for Confucian scholars in the past dynasties. "Zuo Zhuan" is essentially an independently written historical literary work. It started in the year of Lu Yin (722 BC) and ended in the 27th year of Lu Aigong (468 BC). Based on this, the outline of "Spring and Autumn" is explained by describing the specific historical facts of the Spring and Autumn Period.

Zuo Qiuming, one said that his surname was Zuoqiu and his name was Ming; another said that his surname was Zuo and his name was Qiuming. A historian, writer, thinker, and essayist in the late Spring and Autumn periods. Zuo Qiuming used to be the official historian of the State of Lu. According to legend, he wrote "Zuo Zhuan" (also known as "Zuoshi Chunqiu" and "Guoyu") to analyze "Spring and Autumn", and he was blind when he wrote "Guoyu". Many important historical events of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Periods have preserved original materials with high value. Due to the detailed historical materials and vivid writing style, it has aroused the interest and discussion of scholars from ancient and modern times, and is known as "the sage of Wen Zongshi" and "the history of Jingchen". Zuo Qiuming was respected by Confucius and Sima Qian as a "gentleman".

Table of Contents
1. Concealment
2. Heng Gong
3. Duke Zhuang
4. Min Gong
5. Mr. Xi
6. Xi Gongzhong
7. Your Majesty Xi
8. On Wen Gong
9. Exit Wen Gong

"Zuo Zhuan" is a commentary on "Zuo Zhuan", because "Spring and Autumn" are written too concisely, at first glance, it looks like a chronology of major events. So the significance of "Zuo Zhuan" lies in commenting on the overtones. In "Spring and Autumn", there is "Zheng Boke Duan Yuyan", which is only 6 words. At first reading, it seems to describe an objective fact. But after the interpretation of "Zuo Zhuan", we realized that these six short words not only stated the objective facts but also expressed the praise and criticism attitude of the historian. In spring and Autumn brushwork, Pi Li Yang Qiu pays attention to the overtones. This is not only a writing technique, but also a philosophy of speaking, which has influenced the Chinese people for three thousand years. To this day, we are still accustomed to not expressing our true intentions too directly when speaking and writing, but expressing our true views euphemistically through roundabout hints. This is completely different from the West's desire to express ideas in as much detail as possible without ambiguity.

Later generations read history from the perspective of God, so they feel that they can distinguish right from wrong. When we read that the king does not listen to the faithful advice, we will feel anxious; we will feel worried when we see the source of troubles sprouting; we will feel angry when we see successful villains. But living in a different place, when you are in the middle of the game, you may not be able to do better. History books go back to history, select important events from the events that have happened, and then carefully present them with emphasis and neglect. No matter how objective the historian is, it is impossible to be completely devoid of personal likes and dislikes. When we read history, the purpose must be to learn how to explain today and how to predict the future. Otherwise, although you have read a lot, you have no ability to apply it, what is the point of reading more history books?

When a farmer sees a weed in a field, he immediately pulls it out, and people take it for granted. When people find their own shortcomings, they should get rid of them in time. The reason is similar. But why is the latter thing so difficult? Don't think that you have done wrong, but stick to what you think is right, even if it is justifiable, and you will be happy when you die without repentance. I know that what I did was wrong, and I will blame myself and feel guilty after doing it, but I still can't help but continue to do wrong things. Why are we so weak? Why are we incapable of self-correction? Guiding, exhorting, and even forcing others to do the right thing seems to be much more difficult than forcing yourself to do the right thing. How can a person let his rationality control his behavior, instead of biological instinct controlling his actions?

Duke Yin's subordinates wanted Duke Yin to ascend the throne, but Duke Yin refused, so they went to Duke Huan of Lu to speak ill of him and asked Duke Huan to kill Duke Yin instead. Not long afterward, Duke Yin passed away. Having said that, the reason for Yin Gong's death is probably self-evident. People in high positions look powerful, but because they are in the open, everyone can see them. If someone in a low position intends to murder, maybe they can succeed. Not to mention the disputes caused by the position of the monarch, even because of trivial matters, it is not uncommon for the villain to file a complaint first in real life. When others help you succeed and do things for you, they must hope to get benefits from you. When the subordinates came down from the mountain to shout Long Live and asked to add a yellow robe to you, if you didn't take a step forward, you might suffer a backlash and be destroyed by your own subordinates.

The truly fatal disasters in the world are often first produced from within. When a country is in turmoil, its management is unstable, and its people flee one after another, other countries will covet this country and even take direct action. Conversely, if a country is small but internally stable and stable, it can respond calmly and steadily in the face of external aggression, and can make potential enemies feel afraid, then there is hope for continuation. In the same way, when individuals encounter difficulties and face a crisis, in many cases, it is not necessarily how fatal the crisis itself is, but our own inner fear and escape, which weakens our ability to deal with the crisis; it may even be the first. With these emotions, an ordinary incident that could have been passed safely turned into a crisis. How can we keep self-cultivation in mind all the time? A gentleman is cautious in his solitude, that is to say, when he is alone, he also needs someone to supervise him. Isn't this similar to being a king? A king can accept persuasion or reject it, but he forces himself to accept persuasion and actively restricts his behavior. Isn't this as difficult as Shendu?

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period are rare and special eras with legendary features in Chinese history, which have a long-standing influence on later generations. However, many important figures and ideas produced in this era have not spread as widely among ordinary people as the stories of Chu and Han or the Three Kingdoms. An important reason is probably that during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period, there were many characters and the storyline was too complicated. Anything that wants to be accepted by ordinary people must be as simple as possible. It is roughly like writing an online novel. In another stage, there are about three main forces to be portrayed, about three most important events, and about three core characters.

Duke Huan of Lu went to Qi State and took his wife with him, but his wife committed adultery with Duke Xiang of Qi. The matter was revealed, and his wife was reprimanded by Duke Huan of Lu. The wife told the adulterer Qi Xianggong about this matter. Soon, Duke Huan of Lu died in the car after the banquet with Duke Xiang of Qi. The instigator Qi Xianggong was not affected, but according to Qi Xianggong's instructions, the person who executed the order was executed as a scapegoat. How many disasters in this world are caused by men and women? It is very dangerous if men cannot properly deal with the crisis brought about by their own desires or the desires of other men.

[Círdan · Rating 5 out of 5]

天文历法部分基本没看懂，先秦史必读书目，杨伯峻先生的注非常好，不仅是在文字注解上，而且就相关的历史事件常常与其他历史文献进行对比（虽然我并不是这个专业的，因为某个选修课程老师的推荐来读的。。。），goodreads上这方面的中文书条目很少啊,我似乎没有分清goodreads上review和comment的区别

[Dong Zhang · Rating 5 out of 5]

读的是中华书局三册的《左传》，没有那个版本的词条，记录在此处。