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624 pages, Paperback
First published June 9, 2020

"Today China is a hybrid Confucian-Leninist state with a market economy that benefits its middle-class supporters. [...] But while economic conditions [...] improve, the government continues to enforce its authoritarian concept of 'right behavior'; just like the edicts of the Qing dynasty emperors, but this time with the help of modern technology."
China after 2000 CE demonstrates an astonishing continuity with the China of 2000 BCE. It is precisely this continuity that lies at the core of this civilization's greatness. Confucius and Laozi remain as relevant as ever. The dynasties that fortified their respective versions of China over the millennia shared similar values derived from the very same source, stretching all the way into the 21st century. This, of course, also applies to the disasters—they too are strikingly similar and terrifyingly horrific in their intensity and scale. Famine, floods, peasant rebellions, banditry, and collapse. The eras of unity, though some were quite prolonged, feel like islands in an ocean of misery and catastrophe. Only the Mandate of Heaven seems to have provided a common thread of unity, reaching down to the CCP and Xi Jinping.
Michael Wood has covered over 4,000 years of the Middle Kingdom in a highly engaging and accessible manner. Throughout his narrative, he invariably weaves in the perspectives of contemporaries from each respective era—bureaucrats, poets, and ordinary people who have miraculously preserved their long family histories well into the 21st century. In China, with its deep-seated ancestor worship, this is a tangible reality. The thread between generations thins, but it never snaps, even during the most horrific cataclysms. Wood also showcases the contemporary look of key historical sites, overlaying the ghosts of an unforgotten and still-influential past against the backdrop of present-day prosperity.
In terms of flaws—and the book abounds with them—there is a selective avoidance of certain topics and a disproportionate fixation on specific traumatic events. For instance, the Opium Wars are shrouded in a veil of words that provide absolutely no insight into their neuralgic roots. The figure of Chiang Kai-shek is mentioned solely within a quote from a speech by Mao, while the Chinese Civil War is omitted entirely. As for Tiananmen, the author practically agrees that it is "too early" to analyze.
Wood falls into the trap common to many historians: he quite visibly takes a side. Examples include his idealization of Neo-Confucianism and the near-total disregard for the terrifying rigidity it caused, as well as his demonization of foreigners. Not that the imperialists were angels, but they ended up in those dominant positions due to the weakness and inadequacy of the Chinese themselves. There is also a delicate praise of isolationism and the "special" path. True, everyone has their own path, and if you lose it, you perish. But if you stop changing it, stop carving out new ways, or fail to pause at a crossroads to converse with other travelers, you are effectively inviting your own execution. Furthermore, Wood irritatingly concentrates almost exclusively on the Han ethnicity. Uyghurs, Tibetans, even Manchus or the Hakka are not even mentioned, except in fragments of sentences aimed at entirely different topics. Yet they are a part of modern China. Where is *their* history?
The book serves as an engaging, picturesque, and panoramic introduction for beginners, though it comes with plenty of hidden pitfalls and a strong bias toward the official Chinese party line from the Deng Xiaoping era—with a few exceptions regarding women's rights and, arguably, the 1989 Tiananmen Square events.