The book was first published in 2005 by Taiwan Advocates, an organization conceived of by former President Lee Tenghui as a way to “continue the work of democratization and promoting Taiwan-centers consciousness.”
The authors carefully lay the groundwork for Taiwan’s unique history, culture, economy, and political system.
Prior to the 1600s, Taiwan’s major inhabitants were Austronesians. With European exploration and exploitation of material wealth from around the globe, the Dutch colonized a small portion of Taiwan’s south, around current-day Tainan, and invited workers from China, mostly southern China, to migrate and grow crops such as sugar cane and rice. During the Dutch colonialization (primarily 1624 to 1662 around Tainan, subsequently 1664 to 1668 around Keelung), immigrants flowed to Taiwan, seeking better opportunities. Most immigrant were male, and interbred with the indigenous (Pengpu, others) people.
After the Dutch were driven out by Zheng Chenggong, he and his family started a kingdom that lasted until 1683, when the Manchu’s (Qing Dynasty) defeated them and nominally (off and on) “ruled” parts of Taiwan until 1895. At that point, through the Treaty of Shimonoseki, the Qing Dynasty ceded Taiwan and the Pescadores to Japan. For the next fifty years, Japan ushered in the modernization of Taiwan in areas of transportation, communication, education, health…. During this period, though treated as second-class citizens, Taiwanese ethnic historical divides (Hokkien, Hakka, indigenous) blurred and slowly evaporated, creating a concept of Taiwanese consciousness.
After World War II, the Republic of China, on behalf of the Allies, assumed administrative responsibilities for Taiwan. Within eighteen months, the “mainlanders” had alienated the Taiwanese (through arrogance, disregard for any rule of law or human rights), and a spark set off a protest and massacre, the 228 Incident, with the deaths of between 18,000 and 28,000 individuals and, with only a brief respite, martial law until 1987.
Then, from 1987, the aspirations for democracy slowly manifest themselves and flourished.
Through the early chapters, the authors also expand on the differences between Taiwan and China, brought on by years of separation. Economically, the authors argue that the early Dutch experience imparted an entrepreneurial spirit to the Taiwanese, willing to engage in the world network of trade. The people who migrated to Taiwan wanted to escape the lives they lived, similar to many immigrants to the US. Also, they brought with them customs that they adopted in the pioneer life of Taiwan, creating gods and customs that don’t exist in China.
Finally, the authors address and refute many arguments we hear today by the PCR, that (p174): • Taiwan has been traditionally territory of “China” since time immemorial; • After the Second World War, Taiwan was to be “returned” to China according to the terms of the Cairo and Potsdam Declaration; and • Based on the fact that the People’s Republic of China has replaced the Republic of China, the Taiwan is an extension of China’s civil war.
The authors’ early chapters refute the first bullet. The authors address the errors of the second assertion. Ultimately, the Korean war and the fear of the spread of communism led the US and the West to accept the KMT’s fait accompli of having changed its mandate to administer Taiwan to making part of the ROC.
Each of the chapters is complete with many references for the authors’ assertions. The Conclusion is a call to arms to see historical facts: Taiwan is not China.
The book is nearly 20 years old now. It gives a perspective from 2005, from a time of aspirations, having emerged from 38 years of martial law, with a democratically directly elected President, a peaceful change of power (to the first non-KMT president in Taiwan’s short democracy). But there was much more to be done.
Fortunately, through multiple additional elections and a strong Sunflower movement, democracy has prevailed, though Taiwan’s ambiguous international status remains.
Fortunately, new books are emerging in recent years to help us get an updated view (disclaimer: I have not yetread either of these, those both are now ordered):
• Revolutionary Taiwan: Making Nationhood in a Changing World Order, by Catherine Lila Chou and Mark Harrison, was just released in September 2024. • Taiwan: A Contested Democracy Under Threat, by Jonathan Sullivan and Lev Nachman. Released October 2023.
FB: The book offers a thoughtful, logical argument of Taiwan’s uniqueness and distinction from China. In particular, it counters through fact repeated claims by the PRC that Taiwan is part of China. Alas, over the nearly twenty years since the book’s publication, the rhetoric and aggression against Taiwan has only increased. Logic and fact seem not to matter to some.