毛泽东、斯大林与朝鲜战争

by Zhihua Shen, 沈志华

《毛泽东、斯大林与朝鲜战争（珍藏本）》第一章讲述战后苏联的对外政策及其变化，重点在斯大林的对华政策和对朝政策，说明在保障苏联的远东战略利益的条件下，斯大林希望东北亚地区保持稳定状态，以维持根据雅尔塔协定所形成的国际体系和地缘结构。

第二章讲述中苏同盟建立特别是中苏同盟条约签订的过程，重点在于说明，中苏条约谈判的结果与以往人们的理解不同，主要不是毛泽东在莫斯科受到了冷遇和屈辱，而是斯大林被迫对中国做出了重大让步。这一让步，将导致苏联失去在太平洋的出海口和不冻港，使其在远东乃至亚洲的战略利益受到严重损害。正是在这种背景下，斯大林开始改变了对朝鲜半岛的政策。

第三章讲述朝鲜战争爆发的全过程，主要是斯大林对金日成想要用武力方式统一朝鲜半岛这一计划从反对到支持的转变过程。与第二版夹叙夹议的写法不同，这里的重点首先是对历史过程的叙述，而在最后一节集中讨论斯大林同意和支持金日成的决策动机。这一节完全是新写的，分析了以往研究者在这一问题上所作推断的逻辑漏洞或史实错误，并进一步论证了笔者自己的推断——斯大林同意发动朝鲜战争的主要目的在于维护和保证苏联在远东的战略利益。

第四章讲述中国出兵朝鲜的全过程，并根据不同的背景把这一过程分为六个阶段，分析了中国出兵的客观条件的变化，以及由于条件变化而导致的毛泽东所设定的行动目标的变化。同前一章一样，这里的重点也是历史叙事，而在最后一节集中讨论毛泽东决策出兵的动机。从条件和目标的变化可以看出，毛泽东的决策动机是多重的，并且有所变化，既有表面的，也有内在的，有的是临时处置，有的则贯穿始终。从总体上讲，中国出兵朝鲜是为了保持中苏同盟的有效政治态势，从而在根本上保障新政权的稳定和发展。这一节基本上也是新写的。

第五章讲述中苏同盟在战争中得到巩固和加强的方方面面，特别是在战略决策层面中国与朝鲜之间发生的诸多分歧和矛盾中，斯大林都支持了毛泽东，这说明毛泽东的出兵决策实现了其根本目标。因此，这个决策是必须的，也是正确的，虽然带有一定的风险。

余论讨论中国在1951年初拒绝联合国停火议案的问题。这是作者的最新研究成果，意在说明中国在朝鲜战争中的战略性失误并不在于出兵朝鲜的决策，而在于没有适时收兵，在最有利的条件下结束这场战争，并因此付出了本来可以避免的过于沉重的代价。

Genres: China, History, Nonfiction, Soviet Union, Russia

509 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 2012

About the author

Shen Zhihua (simplified Chinese: 沈志华; traditional Chinese: 沈志華; (this is a Chinese name; the family name is Shen.) is a professor of history at East China Normal University and adjunct professor at Peking University and Renmin University of China. Shen is an expert in the history of the Soviet Union, Sino-Soviet relations, and the Cold War. He is director of the Center for Oriental History Studies of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and honorary researcher at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. In 2011 Shen was public policy scholar at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C.

Reviews

[Patricia · Rating 5 out of 5]

Absolutely riveting. Incredibly well written and translated from the original Chinese using documents that only in recent years have come to light after the deaths of all three leaders (revealing the Russian and Chinese documents and transcripts, but not the N. Korean). Every diplomat and anyone interested in Asian history needs to read this book. As you finish the last page, you realize what a brilliant strategist Stalin was in managing to keep the Soviet Union at arm's length from the war while placating Mao's requests for support for the 'Volunteer Army' he sent to Korea (in which his own son was killed), and in so doing, avoiding a third world war. And what a single-minded revolutionary Mao was in enthusiastically engaging China in a new war when his country had just come through a long and brutal Japanese occupation and a debilitating civil war. The deluded man was Kim Il-sung, who convinced both the Soviet Union and Mao that he would win the war in three days. The unspoken hero was the US and its allies, who instantly sprang to South Korea's defense, surprising all three dictators at almost every step. Reading this story was like being able to see into the minds of chess champions as each contemplates his next move. This is without any hesitation one of the best modern history books I have ever read.

[Amoy · Rating 5 out of 5]

非常优秀的关于冷战史的图书，让我明白了很多原来没明白的事情。

[Zeitgeist · Rating 5 out of 5]

苏联档案的解密，足以颠覆传统的叙述，追溯朝鲜战争爆发和解放台湾受阻的源头，居然是《中苏友好同盟互助条约》签订后，苏联被迫放弃了其在东北的核心利益——中长铁路以及大连、旅顺港

[汪先生 · Rating 5 out of 5]

2016-10-30 21:32:22
大量苏联的材料，档案，严肃的题材外加严谨的叙述，历史不是传闻的那么简单，每一个讲出来的故事后面都有无数阅读的心血，沈教授最后那句会在历史海洋中继续奋勇拼搏真是激励后生。