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Hanusia
Jeden z najbardziej znanych dramatów Gerharta Hauptmanna – Hanusia (niem. Hanneles Himmelfahrt w dosłownym tłumaczeniu Wniebowzięcie Hanusi) napisany został w roku 1893 (…). Za ten utwór sceniczny w 1896 roku Gerhart Hauptmann otrzymał Nagrodę im. Franza Grillparzera. Dramat zainspirował nie tylko twórców teatralnych, ale i filmowych (…).
W Polsce dramat wystawiony został po raz pierwszy 25 lutego 1895 roku na deskach Teatru Miejskiego w Krakowie, w reżyserii Tadeusza Pawlikowskiego i przekładzie Marii Konopnickiej, który to przekład ukazał się w 1899 roku nakładem Wydawnictwa Władysława Okręta w Warszawie.
Hanusia jest jednym z pierwszych dramatów laureata Literackiej Nagrody Nobla, który poza tendencjami naturalistycznymi pociąga czytelnika za sobą w świat marzeń sennych, symboliki religijnej, mistyki oraz mitologii baśniowej. Dosadny obraz trudnej egzystencji w przytułku dla ubogich, ludzkiej nędzy, kradzieży, które są na porządku dziennym, tragiczna historia krótkiego życia tytułowej protagonistki, fizycznie i psychicznie dręczonej przez ojczyma, jej desperacja i próba samobójcza – wszystko to zestawione zostaje z cudownością świata czekającego człowieka po „tamtej stronie”, z pięknem ukazujących się umierającej dziewczynie postaci, z ich dobrocią, łagodnością, słodkim śpiewem chórów anielskich, z niezwykłą pobożnością, którą mimo dziecięcego wieku wykazuje się Hanusia, a wreszcie z jej pośmiertnym obliczem królewny o złotych włosach w pięknej sukni i szklanych trzewikach. Hauptmann niezwykle celnie odzwierciedla wiele funkcjonujących w społeczeństwie wyobrażeń związanych ze śmiercią, z przejściem człowieka na tamten świat, lecz choć są to motywy doskonale znane w literaturze, to jego utwór, mimo upływu niemal stu trzydziestu lat od jego ukazania się, nadal wywiera ogromne wrażenie i budzi zachwyt niezwykłością wizji.
W Polsce dramat wystawiony został po raz pierwszy 25 lutego 1895 roku na deskach Teatru Miejskiego w Krakowie, w reżyserii Tadeusza Pawlikowskiego i przekładzie Marii Konopnickiej, który to przekład ukazał się w 1899 roku nakładem Wydawnictwa Władysława Okręta w Warszawie.
Hanusia jest jednym z pierwszych dramatów laureata Literackiej Nagrody Nobla, który poza tendencjami naturalistycznymi pociąga czytelnika za sobą w świat marzeń sennych, symboliki religijnej, mistyki oraz mitologii baśniowej. Dosadny obraz trudnej egzystencji w przytułku dla ubogich, ludzkiej nędzy, kradzieży, które są na porządku dziennym, tragiczna historia krótkiego życia tytułowej protagonistki, fizycznie i psychicznie dręczonej przez ojczyma, jej desperacja i próba samobójcza – wszystko to zestawione zostaje z cudownością świata czekającego człowieka po „tamtej stronie”, z pięknem ukazujących się umierającej dziewczynie postaci, z ich dobrocią, łagodnością, słodkim śpiewem chórów anielskich, z niezwykłą pobożnością, którą mimo dziecięcego wieku wykazuje się Hanusia, a wreszcie z jej pośmiertnym obliczem królewny o złotych włosach w pięknej sukni i szklanych trzewikach. Hauptmann niezwykle celnie odzwierciedla wiele funkcjonujących w społeczeństwie wyobrażeń związanych ze śmiercią, z przejściem człowieka na tamten świat, lecz choć są to motywy doskonale znane w literaturze, to jego utwór, mimo upływu niemal stu trzydziestu lat od jego ukazania się, nadal wywiera ogromne wrażenie i budzi zachwyt niezwykłością wizji.
106 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 1894
22 people want to read
About the author
Gerhart Hauptmann
953 books77 followersGerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann was a German dramatist and novelist. He is counted among the most important promoters of literary naturalism, though he integrated other styles into his work as well. He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1912.
Life Hauptmann's first drama, Before Dawn (1889) inaugurated the naturalistic movement in modern German literature. It was followed by The Reconciliation (1890), Lonely People (1891) and The Weavers (1892), a powerful drama depicting the rising of the Silesian weavers in 1844 for which he is best known outside of Germany.
Hauptmann's subsequent work includes the comedies Colleague Crampton (1892), The Beaver Coat (1893), and The Conflagration (1901), the symbolist dream play The Assumption of Hannele (1893), and an historical drama Florian Geyer (1895). He also wrote two tragedies of Silesian peasant life, Drayman Henschel (1898) and Rose Bernd (1903), and the dramatic fairy-tales The Sunken Bell (1896) and And Pippa Dances (1906).
Hauptmann's marital life was difficult and in 1904 he divorced his wife. That same year he married the actress Margarete Marschalk, who had borne him a son four years earlier. The following year he had an affair with the 17-year-old Austrian actress Ida Orloff, whom he met in Berlin when she performed in his play The Assumption of Hannele. Orloff inspired characters in several of Hauptmann's works and he later referred to her as his muse.
In 1911 he wrote The Rats. In 1912, Hauptmann was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, "primarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art."
During the First World War Hauptmann was a pacifist. In this period of his career he wrote several gloomy historical-allegorical plays, such as The Bow of Odysseus (1914), The White Saviour (1912–17), and Winter Ballade (1917). After the war, his dramatic abilities appeared to diminish. He wrote two full-length plays that are similar to the early successes: Dorothea Angermann (1926) and Before Sunset (1932). He remained in Germany after Hitler's Machtergreifung and survived the bombing of Dresden. His last work was the Atriden-Tetralogie (1942–46). His works in German were published by S. Fischer Verlag.
Hauptmann died at the age of 83 at his home in Agnetendorf (now Jagniątków, Poland) in 1946. Since the Polish communist administration did not allow Hauptmann's relatives to bury him in Agnetendorf (although even the Soviet military government had recommended this), his body was transported in an old cattle wagon to occupied Germany more than a month after his death. He was buried near his cottage on Hiddensee.
Under Wilhelm II Hauptmann enjoyed the reputation of a radical writer, on the side of the poor and outcasts. During the Weimar Republic (1918–33) he enjoyed the status of the literary figurehead of the new order, and was even considered for the post of state president. Under Hitler he kept his distance from the regime, but never publicly criticized it. This, and the fact that (unlike so many writers and academics) he stayed in Germany, was strongly held against him after the war. A superb collected edition of his works appeared in the 1960s, and stimulated some impressive studies of his work (e.g. those by Peter Sprengel), but the tide of critical and public opinion remained negative. A few of his plays are still revived from time to time, but otherwise he is neglected. He was certainly an uneven writer, but at his best (as in 'The Weavers', his novel 'The Fool in Christ Emmanuel Quint', and the Novellen 'The Heretic of Soana' and 'Das Meerwunder') he can arguably rank with the best of his German contemporaries.
Source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhart_...
Life Hauptmann's first drama, Before Dawn (1889) inaugurated the naturalistic movement in modern German literature. It was followed by The Reconciliation (1890), Lonely People (1891) and The Weavers (1892), a powerful drama depicting the rising of the Silesian weavers in 1844 for which he is best known outside of Germany.
Hauptmann's subsequent work includes the comedies Colleague Crampton (1892), The Beaver Coat (1893), and The Conflagration (1901), the symbolist dream play The Assumption of Hannele (1893), and an historical drama Florian Geyer (1895). He also wrote two tragedies of Silesian peasant life, Drayman Henschel (1898) and Rose Bernd (1903), and the dramatic fairy-tales The Sunken Bell (1896) and And Pippa Dances (1906).
Hauptmann's marital life was difficult and in 1904 he divorced his wife. That same year he married the actress Margarete Marschalk, who had borne him a son four years earlier. The following year he had an affair with the 17-year-old Austrian actress Ida Orloff, whom he met in Berlin when she performed in his play The Assumption of Hannele. Orloff inspired characters in several of Hauptmann's works and he later referred to her as his muse.
In 1911 he wrote The Rats. In 1912, Hauptmann was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, "primarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art."
During the First World War Hauptmann was a pacifist. In this period of his career he wrote several gloomy historical-allegorical plays, such as The Bow of Odysseus (1914), The White Saviour (1912–17), and Winter Ballade (1917). After the war, his dramatic abilities appeared to diminish. He wrote two full-length plays that are similar to the early successes: Dorothea Angermann (1926) and Before Sunset (1932). He remained in Germany after Hitler's Machtergreifung and survived the bombing of Dresden. His last work was the Atriden-Tetralogie (1942–46). His works in German were published by S. Fischer Verlag.
Hauptmann died at the age of 83 at his home in Agnetendorf (now Jagniątków, Poland) in 1946. Since the Polish communist administration did not allow Hauptmann's relatives to bury him in Agnetendorf (although even the Soviet military government had recommended this), his body was transported in an old cattle wagon to occupied Germany more than a month after his death. He was buried near his cottage on Hiddensee.
Under Wilhelm II Hauptmann enjoyed the reputation of a radical writer, on the side of the poor and outcasts. During the Weimar Republic (1918–33) he enjoyed the status of the literary figurehead of the new order, and was even considered for the post of state president. Under Hitler he kept his distance from the regime, but never publicly criticized it. This, and the fact that (unlike so many writers and academics) he stayed in Germany, was strongly held against him after the war. A superb collected edition of his works appeared in the 1960s, and stimulated some impressive studies of his work (e.g. those by Peter Sprengel), but the tide of critical and public opinion remained negative. A few of his plays are still revived from time to time, but otherwise he is neglected. He was certainly an uneven writer, but at his best (as in 'The Weavers', his novel 'The Fool in Christ Emmanuel Quint', and the Novellen 'The Heretic of Soana' and 'Das Meerwunder') he can arguably rank with the best of his German contemporaries.
Source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhart_...
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