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108 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 1923
“The prairie lay that afternoon as it had lain for centuries of September afternoons, vast as an ocean; motionless as an ocean coaxed into very little ripples by languid breezes; silent as an ocean where only very little waves slip back into their element. One might have walked for hours with hearing anything louder than high white clouds casting shadows over the distances, or the tall slough grass bending lazily into waves.”
F%%%@#$#$%#%#$%$%@#$@3$#@$#$@#$$@$!!!!!!! Pulitzer people, why hast thou forsaken me?? Yes, the literary Gods had placed another regionalist novel in front of me at my weakest hour, this time set in civil war-era Iowa (which is to say, a wheat field dotted with a thatched cottage every twenty miles or so). Like Thirty Acres before it (on my reading list, that is), the novel’s action traces the exploits of a young farmer protagonist—this time, Wully McLaughlin, a Scotch Covenanter who has just returned from the civil war--as he enters adulthood (in other words, gets him a wife, and gets him a child, and then starts farming). The scope, though, is less ambitious in this novel than in Thirty Acres, spanning only a couple years of Wully’s life rather than tracing his entire adult life from spring to winter. I won’t lie to you, though, it’s still a regionalist novel, and outside of a few major plot events and some humourous sketches, it’s still fairly dull most of the time.
Perhaps because of its more limited scope, the novel’s characters are much more clearly drawn, and are one of its few strengths. Wully’s mother, Isobel, is a woman torn between her kind heart and her religious beliefs, and beaten down by her realization that the America promised to them in Scotland is not quite what they found when they arrived. The community members around them, too, are all distinguished in one way or another through particularities of character—Wully’s aunt, for instance, haunted by her grief for her missing son, and his father-in-law, bent to the yoke by his new Scottish bride who punishes him for deceiving her by forcing him to create, in the Iowan plains, the things he promised her he had in order to convince her to marry him. Unfortunately, Chirstie, probably the novel's most important character, is also one of its less fleshed out, filtered entirely through her husband's unimaginative perspective.
Now on to the bad: the narrative voice is a poor echo of Little Women’s, a saccharine consciousness obsessed with adverbs and adjectives and overly fond of exclamations, as in the following:
“Hughie was not, like the others, at home because he was too small to go to school. Indeed, no! Hughie was ten, and at home to-day because he had been chilling, the day before, with the fever that rose from the newly-broken prairie. The three of them sat quietly only a moment.
'Why does he frisk his tail so?' Davie asked.
'He’s praising the Lord,' replied Hughie, wise and wan.
'Is he now!' exclaimed Davie, impressed.”
Such passages are tough to read, and there are many of them, some of which are so amateurishly written that it’s hard to believe they made the final cut. See, for instance, the following delight: “He loved his land like a blind and passionate lover” (38). Also, at one point, the narrator switches at random between past and present tense, so that it feels like the story is being told by an infant who has not yet mastered the fundamentals of language but is so excited to tell their story that they forge ahead regardless. There are also occasional intentional shifts to present tense which provide information about the characters' fates in the narrator's present world. However, these serve no discernible purpose within the narrative structure and, thus, function only as reminders of how clumsy a writer Wilson is.
Fortunately, the writing quality improves as the novel goes on, and the narrator is often more self-aware than some of the novel’s more pastoral moments might suggest; later in the novel’s first passage quoted above, Wilson writes, “Davie sat for some time sharing his Maker’s pleasure in the antics of happy calves. Then bored—perhaps like his Maker—he turned to other things” (8). As the passage suggests, Wilson makes use of a good helping of irony, and some of the most entertaining moments are when she engages in farce, poking fun at the rigidity of beliefs and eccentricities of the community’s characters, such as in her humourous description of Wully’s stingy grandmother, who buys up her son’s belongings at auction when he is evicted from his house in Scotland and sells his stuff at a huge profit, then refuses to share any of the money with him. As a result, he must wait until she dies to claim some of the money from the sale of his own property so that he can fulfill his dream of emigrating to America for the betterment of his family.
Sometimes, though, because of the clunky writing, it’s not entirely clear whether Wilson is aware of how ridiculous the things she’s writing about are. The opening chapter contains one of the novel’s weirdest moments, as the narration suddenly shifts focalizers after 20 pages, moving from Wully’s third-person limited perspective to that of a “stranger” who is visiting the family, so that Wilson and the reader can have a little fun at the expense of the strictly religious McLaughlins. The logic of the shift is brilliant, but its execution is clumsy, and the humourous moment is sullied somewhat by the possibility that it is unintentional—that the narrator, and writer, are not in on the joke. The same thing happens in the funny-but-weird-as-hell scene when Wullly first meets his love interest, Chirstie (yes, that’s “Chirstie,” not “Christie,” at least in my edition of the novel, though the rest of the internet seems to believe it’s the latter, so maybe there are different versions). Telling her and her mother, Jeannie, that his own mother sent him to bring over some “squashes,” he goes out to the wagon and realizes that, flustered by Chirstie’s beauty, he forgot that what he has actually brought is ducks. Yes, ducks. Which raises a new problem: the women have no place to put ducks (apparently, they’d never seen Friends). The narrator notes awkwardly: “Now where would they put the ducks? They were all standing together now in the dooryard, the three ducks, the three humans. There was no place ready for the gifts” (47). Wully, of course, decides that the only thing to do is build a coop for them, but another problem arises: “Just give him a few sticks. But there were no sticks.” Yes, that’s right: “sticks” are what we build coops out of. Happily, Chirstie remembers that there are “some bits of wood behind the barn,” and so the two women stand there while Wully builds an entire duck coop, Chirstie lustily “watching his skill in making duck shelters” (47). Now, I don’t know how long it takes to build a duck coop, because I didn’t even know ducks were kept in coops, but given that Wully’s likely going to have to cut the random bits of wood into something like boards--or, sorry, "sticks"--and since it’s the 19th century and there will be no tablesaw and electric planer, I have to figure this process is going to take at least a few hours, which means that Chirstie and her mother stand there long enough to die of gangrene as the blood pools in their feet. And that’s not even getting to the real problem: Jeannie and Wully's mother are good friends, which presumably means that they have been to each other’s homes. Why the hell would Isobel send over ducks when she knows Jeannie has no place to put them??!! That would be like me dropping off a Great Dane for my friend who lives in a studio apartment in Gastown; I can imagine how grateful he would be for the "gift." White elephants, indeed. Again, this scene is quite funny, but I’m just not sure that Wilson is as aware of the humour as her reader. But I guess it’s sort of like the Evil Dead thing: it doesn’t really matter whether it was meant to be funny or not—let’s just enjoy it!
It's not all bad, though: the oddest, and best, part of the novel is that the saccharine narration belies what is a fairly dark streak; especially early on, it almost reads like a new genre, one which I will call decorous batsh#@. It feels a bit like reading a mashup of Blake’s Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience, with all the parts strewn about at random so that one never knows whether the sing-songy narrator is leading one through twenty pages of lamb shearing and wheat harvesting or to some poor sot stumbling over a Tyger burning brightly in the furrows between cornrows. After a long stretch of relatively earnest and pastoral writing to begin the novel, for instance, the narrator suddenly shifts to a civil war battleground and croons to us this horror: “Some on the snow-covered hillsides were throwing body after body into them, some were shoveling earth in upon them. He had bent down to tug at a stiff thing half hidden by snow, he had turned it over, a head grotesquely twisted backward, a neck mud-plastered, horrible, bloody. Then he had cried out, and fallen down. That thing, with the lower face shot away, was Allen” (24). With little warning, we suddenly find ourselves a long way from the agrarian dreamscape of the McLaughlins’ Iowa farm, and the early sections of the novel are fascinating when they hint at the effects of such trauma on Wully’s character. This could have made for a wonderfully powerful novel; unfortunately, though, once Wully re-immerses himself into the rhythms of farm life, the civil war and its effects on the people who have rejoined their communities disappears as suddenly as Allen’s body appears in the passage above. Fortunately, Wilson redeems the narrative by introducing a second traumatic incident that will sporadically haunt Wully, his wife, and his family for the rest of the novel’s pages, and though the exploration of trauma is compromised by its filtration through Wilson’s sentimental narration, there’s plenty of interest to be found in the glimpses we get of its impact on the characters’ lives.
In the end, this is one of the weirdest regionalist pieces I’ve ever read, and even if the weirdness is unintentional, the results are occasionally entertaining, even profound. I still don’t know that I’d recommend this novel, but it’s certainly better than Thirty Acres, and though it’s not as good a novel as some of the other Pulitzer winner to this point, like The Magnificent Ambersons, Alice Adams, or One of Ours--which are not, by any means, great novels—it is, in some ways, a more compelling read. I’m still giving this two stars, but, in the words of Anthony Fantano, it’s a “strong 2.”
Even yet he could scarcely believe that there existed such an expanse of eager virgin soil waiting for whoever would husband it. Ten years of storm-bound winters, and fever-shaken, marketless summers before the war, had not chilled his passion for it - nor poverty so great that sometimes it took the combined efforts of the clan to buy a twenty-five cent stamp to write to Scotland of the measureless wealth upon which they had fallen.