Every field of science has vast history of centuries efforts taken by several people. The journey is colossal. And so is this book. It's an interesting journey of how psychology is evolved as a science. From the times when the heart was believed as the think-tank and no one paid attention to the brains as a master of body, when the mental disorders were considered as a curse from previous life and were dealer brutally to the era of emotional quotient, the author takes us to the every significant achievement in the field.
The book starts with interesting prologue where author talks of his encounters with psychology and the making of Alfred Hitchcock's movie, psycho. While studying technology in IIT Mumbai he met many artists, singers, read a lots of books and held discussions with a group of other distinguished colleges. Frantz Fanon's question "if the people in colonies are treated with very inhuman, cruel ways and like that of animals then on what basis laws and ethics are applied to them?” - was something that set my expectations. He muses about the cruelty of Nazi soldiers and how they were under their superiors' orders. The Obedience theory psychologist proved later on.
The seeds of psychology are found in all three early civilizations. Hippocrates, Democrates, Socrates, Plato covered some theories about how human think and feel. Some of the theories (Like Plato's belief that feelings traverse through blood vessels, or Aristotle's concept of heart as a center of feelings) are ruled out. However the concept of storing memories in brains, or Hippocrates's argument of mind being master of feelings and all actions did actually proved with time. Vedant, and Buddha also talked about human mind and its nature. However it took 18th century to realize that any mental disorder is not a fault or sin of the patient but a disease and it can be treated. Earlier the mental hospitals did not exist and the patients were kept in prisons where they were treated with contempt and cruelty.
Then came Phrenology (to measure intelligence shape and size of skull) and after a few years dismissed due to lack of any proof between intelligence and the structure of skull. Meanwhile medical science took over and surgeons like Wernike and Broka discovered the centers of speech production and comprehension. There's a very interesting story about Broka. He was humanitarian and active in social welfare. He founded a group named Free thinkers which scared the French government. They believed that like Socrates, he was misguiding youngsters and hence the police started spying on him and attended all his lectures on Mythology, physiology, medical science, psychology. Once the police got bored and asked him permission to go out and requested him not to give provocative lectures meanwhile. Broka, in turn, chided them to do their duty!
The author thus talks of interesting hypnotism, psychoanalysis, behaviorism theory, Gestalt (mind and body coordination) theory, development psychology, and humanistic theory. With every step, he not only describes the evolution, studies, experiments but also gives the generous details of eccentricity of the each psychologist, their life, struggles and impact on the future development. The experiments were also quite weird. In one case they built a prison in Stanford university and found 24 volunteers. It was supposed to be carried out for 15 days but mere four days people were found behaving like in real prison, the guards dominant and bullying, the prisoners full of guilt and submissive. Everyone was shocked by the results and the experiment was called off on sixth day. Victor Frankel's ( Writer of man's search for meaning) being caught by Nazis and his story of counseling in the death camps is very moving.
Then there are Bystander Effect, social loafing ( Everybody's work is nobody's work), obedience, mass hysteria (witch burning in 16th century) and bandwagon effect, Henz's dilemma of ethics, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, learned helplessness, and conditioning.
The book also gives the simplified account of the complexity of neurons, Dendrites, and synapse and their function to accumulate, store, spread thoughts. Though it is academic part it's no less interesting than the case studies and psychology experiments. There's also history of IQ and its part in world war decisions, how intelligence and idiot savant differ, importance of emotional quotient and social and ecological intelligence. How a book on psychology can be complete without talking of feelings? The scientists tried to measure the intensity of feelings by monitoring body reactions. How the memories are stored, amnesia, different states of sleep in humans, dreams, language and the unsuccessful results of teaching a chimpanzee to speak, illusion, vision and perception of depth and movement in man and animals. Talking of amnesia, there's story of Agatha Christie being disappeared for a few days and found after a frantic search in a hotel living under the false identity. She was said to be under attack of amnesia.
There's a separate section about personality tests. The basic and evolved human traits, especially the Issac's traits, and the transactional analysis (Parent - Adult - Child). Eric bern, the father of transactional analysis stated the theory that every human being goes through the parent adult child roles while dealing with others and though they change the roles, there's a dominant role in each person.
Many creative geniuses were found to be neurotic and few of them even committed suicide. It includes stories of Robert Schumann, Virginia Woolf, Van Gogh. Including Sylvia Plath and Hemingway in the list, I am sure we have lost a many budding artist with huge potential to this trap of depression and such disorders. While reading story of John Nash, I was moved even though I was familiar with the story.
The mental disorders like schizophrenia, depression, OCD, phobias, anxiety and stress.
There's a personal story about the author's son who was diagnosed with autism and how he struggled to accept it and then take initiative to open first autist school in india.
The book ends with an impressive epilogue stating how materialism and modern lifestyle is impacting human mind and pushing us towards the dark caves of mental disorders. There's statistics of suicide, people with mental disorders, and projections which is scary.
Throughout the book there are references to the books, right from 1984 or Brave new world to Freuds's essays, Fear of freedom, I'm ok - you're ok, The sane society and a lot like that. I have created a separate shelf named AGs recommendation on goodread for them.
Also I got some movies recommendations including Blow hot blow cold, psycho, the castaway, Girl intercepted, the hours, rain man,sweethearts.
It includes all the major contributors and I cannot keep track of all of them but few of them were writers and now I've a bit elongated "to-read" list.
It's one of those books that make some change in our daily lives and is entertaining all the same.