“Dharma” refers to Buddha’s teachings. The Mirror of Dharma is an overview of concepts from those teachings and the application of them into a framework of meditation sessions. This is not an introductory text, but is more like a textbook meant to further the education of serious students of Buddhism, as well as seekers of spiritual truth. It was written by the Venerable Geshe Kelsang Gyatso Rinpoche, a scholar of the Kadampa Buddhist tradition whose life’s work has been to bring Buddhism, in an accessible form, to the western world.
This book presents its material in three parts. The first is called Training in Contemplation and explains some Buddhist basics such as samsara (cycles of impure life), renunciation (wanting to escape samsara), bodhichitta (wanting everyone to escape samsara), and emptiness (things aren’t what they seem—we live in delusion). The commentary on these is not exhaustive, but rather, presents enough about each to provide readers with a baseline of Buddhist theory. More thorough treatments can be found in other works by Geshe Gyatso, such as volumes one and two of Modern Buddhism.
Though he’s a native Tibetan, Geshe Gyatso’s written English is fluent and I’ve had no problem following the prose in any of his books, including this one. It’s not a difficult read, especially the opening section where humanity’s basic problem is explained and the solution is introduced. But though the prose is not difficult, the book is not a light read. If you’re not a student of Buddhism you may stumble on some of the technical concepts (such as “emptiness” and “samsara”). The included glossary, along with some Google searching, can help with that.
The book’s second part is called, Training in Meditation and contains commentary on some specific objects of mediation. These are presented within the context of three levels of spiritual progress for meditators (Initial, Middling, and Great). A working structure is described for the meditations that includes text to be recited and contemplated until the object for the meditation is realized (integrated, understood). Those objects are concepts that include suffering, self-grasping, death, karma, universal compassion, and emptiness.
The book’s third part is a collection of appendixes that contain the root text—the Buddhist sacred writing upon which the book is based—and many prayers and other sacred Buddhist writings. These appendixes take up half of the book’s length and include a glossary, Further Readings, and a bibliography. The latter two contain only books by Geshe Gyatso, which constitute a small library for Kadampa Buddhism study. Since Geshe Gyatso is a Buddhism master scholar, this makes for a considerable study for those who want to dive deep. In doing so, they should find these works helpful companions to broader works.
The Mirror of Dharma is a product of Buddhist scholarship and is meant to be a “working book.” At least it strikes me that way. The meditations and prayers it contains are to be recited, contemplated, and meditated upon. As such, it is a handbook for the Kadampa Buddhism practitioner and that is, I think, the intention of it.
You’ll note some repetition within the book. Phrases such as “There are no things other than their mere names,” and “…mistakenly believes that the things we normally see actually exist,” are repeated and rephrased. I think some reviewers have criticized this, but it strikes me as being a practice used for emphasis. This is, after all, a teaching book, and the practice helps when dealing with difficult concepts such as emptiness (which the preceding quotes refer to).
There is also a section (pp. 82-83) where the sufferings of physical life are described. I think there is some exaggeration for effect here, that may come from Geshe Gyatso trying to keep his prose accessible to western readers. Even so, the basic idea that this physical life is marked by suffering is pretty much beyond dispute.
In reading The Mirror of Dharma, I had the feeling of the ancient meeting the present. Its many references to the modern world of cars and computers are balanced with its easy assumptions of Buddha emanations, texts blessed by enlightened beings, and reincarnation into the six realms. Such assumptions may seem strange if you’re encountering this material for the first time, but there’s also a magic in it. Keep an open mind. Suspend your high-tech incredulity. Let the possibility and wonderment of an ancient wisdom speak to you.
And if you hear that ancient voice, you may find yourself inspired to check out The New Kadampa Tradition – International Kadampa Buddhist Union (NKT-IKBU), which is the organization Geshe Gyatso founded for promoting Buddhism in the western world. This book does contain a promotional section for the NKT-IKBU that describes its work and training programs. It also notes the NKT website, which contains some good study resources. I found this promotional section tastefully done and an adjunct to the book’s primary material.
The Mirror of Dharma’s subtitle is How to find the real meaning of human life. Finding that real meaning, as well as just what it is, is addressed in this book, though it may require some rereading and contemplation to find and understand. For spiritual seekers, however, that’s all part of the journey.