A deeply important book, but definitely one that will make you mad. This book blends personal stories with social and political commentary to weave together the plight of the UK's homeless, with particular focus on those who die while homeless and are usually forgotten. McClenaghan combines her research and interviews with sources together with her efforts to create a comprehensive list of those who die while homeless, and the subsequent changes this large collaborative project creates. It is unsurprising to read that until the time of McClenaghan's research, the UK did not keep specific data on the people who die without homes. It is, however, still infuriating, and I truly commend McClenaghan and her colleagues on what they've achieved here. This is impeccable journalism: exposing problems and creating real change, as well as holding those in authority to account.
McClenaghan writes with profound compassion. She does not shy away from the difficult stories that bring people to the streets; she does not try to paint the homeless as misunderstood angels. She has clearly identified the correlation between "innocent victims" and "being deserving of help," and she has staunchly refused to play into it. The homeless people McClenaghan features are complicated, human, and do not always act kindly or decently. Yet others do better fit the mould: victims of circumstance, women fleeing domestic violence, and so on. All of the people featured are treated with equal empathy, understanding, and dignity. Many of the people McClenaghan features are dead, and can therefore no longer speak for themselves. She is careful to interview as many people as possible who knew them, and where there is still a dearth of information, she is careful not to draw conclusions, make assumptions, or state anything she cannot back up. She is aware, as any good journalist should be, of the trust and responsibility passed on when one is trusted with a story, and she takes it very seriously.
I have only two criticisms, neither of which are detrimental to the brilliant work done within this book but that I feel I should mention all the same. The first is that McClenaghan does, at times, adopt that chatty, hapless tone some journalists use when they're self-conscious or trying to be relatable; while I understand she's just trying to keep herself humble and illustrate that she was well out of her depth towards the beginning (and acknowledge her own prejudices, which I also commend her for), it does come across as an odd choice when an author is simultaneously trying to convince their reader to trust them as a reliable and competent source. I don't mind when an author wants to acknowledge they've made mistakes or embarrassed themselves, but too much of it kind of comes across as comic, and that's not really the right tone for such a book.
The second is a little more personal: McClenaghan has far too much faith in safety nets, and it takes her far too long (and too much repetition) to lose it.
I have been homeless three times, all before I was 25. Two of these occasions were thankfully brief; the third one was not. This third time occured after years of relentless poverty where I did everything I could to keep my head above the water, but it was not enough. My partner and I spent months living in the back of my small Renault Clio, freezing and starving. We had no family to help us, and as my partner was not a British citizen at the time, only I was eligible for assistance and it would result in us being split up. Naturally unwilling to take accommodation while the person I loved froze on the streets, it was as good as no help at all. When we did eventually get off the streets, we suffered brutal poverty for many more years, including the ridiculous UK benefits system which managed to mess up our claim and saddle us with debt to pay back the second I got a barely minimum-wage job, thus robbing us of any security for several more months. Needless to say, the whole experience was deeply traumatic and left me knowing that at any moment, it could all go wrong and there will be nobody to help me -- compounded now by the fact my now-wife has a dangerous health condition. We both know how quickly it can go wrong.
I have always known this. Coming from a deeply abusive and neglectful home, I have been aware from an early age that there are no safety nets. Safety nets are a delusion people tell themselves in order to be able to live with how precarious life is. Many people are fortunate enough to go through life without having to call upon them, and this is how the delusion is maintained. Anyone who has had to associate with them knows the truth. I am glad McClenaghan does not know this first-hand, but it was frustrating to see her come across story after story of people being let down, rejected, screwed over, and insulted by these "safety nets" and still conclude every chapter with "but surely something could be done?" or "surely this person couldn't just be abandoned?" I couldn't help but feel, after a point, that this attitude was speaking over the dozens of voices telling her that yes, they can be and had been abandoned; no, nothing can be done. Computer says no. You don't qualify. You do qualify but you have to abandon your pet/your partner/give up your child. You do qualify but you must move 400 miles away. No, we can't accept you if you have mental health issues. And so on. (Hell, I wasn't even allowed to warm up in a library because it wanted three forms of government ID to sign me up. Even now, I do not have three forms, just the usual driver's license and passport.) It is that bad, and while McClenaghan eventually realises this with all the usual and expected outrage, it was rage-inducing to see it take her so long.
Still, she has learned, and hopefully others like her learn too. One of the most dismissive, enraging, and alienating things you can do to somebody who is struggling is bleat on about how the worst can't happen. It can, and as McClenaghan illustrates, it often comes with warning signs. She does not pretend to have all the answers, but the conclusions she draws are good ones, and she presents several possibilities while openly admitting that it will take big changes in the government to implement. We can all but end homelessness. It is not a state we have to accept. Nobody should be without a home. A safe shelter is a human right. We can do so much better than this, and I urge everyone who wants to understand why and how to read this book. Forget all the usual nonsense about "this could happen to you too" -- it's happening to other people, right now, and they don't deserve it either.