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The Sacred Band: Three Hundred Theban Lovers and the Last Days of Greek Freedom
From classicist James Romm comes a “striking…fascinating” ( Booklist ) deep dive into the last decades of ancient Greek freedom leading up to Alexander the Great’s destruction of Thebes—and the saga of the greatest military corps of the time, the Theban Sacred Band, a unit composed of 150 pairs of male lovers.
The story of the Sacred Band, an elite 300-man corps recruited from pairs of lovers, highlights a chaotic era of ancient Greek history, four decades marked by battles, ideological disputes, and the rise of vicious strongmen. At stake was freedom, democracy, and the fate of Thebes, at this time the leading power of the Greek world.
The tale begins in 379 BC, with a group of Theban patriots sneaking into occupied Thebes. Disguised in women’s clothing, they cut down the agents of Sparta, the state that had cowed much of Greece with its military might. To counter the Spartans, this group of patriots would form the Sacred Band, a corps whose history plays out against a backdrop of Theban democracy, of desperate power struggles between leading city-states, and the new prominence of eros , sexual love, in Greek public life.
After four decades without a defeat, the Sacred Band was annihilated by the forces of Philip II of Macedon and his son Alexander in the Battle of Chaeronea—extinguishing Greek liberty for two thousand years. Buried on the battlefield where they fell, they were rediscovered in 1880—some skeletons still in pairs, with arms linked together.
From violent combat in city streets to massive clashes on open ground, from ruthless tyrants to bold women who held their era in thrall, The Sacred Band recounts “in fluent, accessible prose” ( The Wall Street Journal ) the twists and turns of a crucial historical the end of the treasured freedom of ancient Greece.
The story of the Sacred Band, an elite 300-man corps recruited from pairs of lovers, highlights a chaotic era of ancient Greek history, four decades marked by battles, ideological disputes, and the rise of vicious strongmen. At stake was freedom, democracy, and the fate of Thebes, at this time the leading power of the Greek world.
The tale begins in 379 BC, with a group of Theban patriots sneaking into occupied Thebes. Disguised in women’s clothing, they cut down the agents of Sparta, the state that had cowed much of Greece with its military might. To counter the Spartans, this group of patriots would form the Sacred Band, a corps whose history plays out against a backdrop of Theban democracy, of desperate power struggles between leading city-states, and the new prominence of eros , sexual love, in Greek public life.
After four decades without a defeat, the Sacred Band was annihilated by the forces of Philip II of Macedon and his son Alexander in the Battle of Chaeronea—extinguishing Greek liberty for two thousand years. Buried on the battlefield where they fell, they were rediscovered in 1880—some skeletons still in pairs, with arms linked together.
From violent combat in city streets to massive clashes on open ground, from ruthless tyrants to bold women who held their era in thrall, The Sacred Band recounts “in fluent, accessible prose” ( The Wall Street Journal ) the twists and turns of a crucial historical the end of the treasured freedom of ancient Greece.
320 pages, Paperback
First published June 8, 2021
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June 1, 2023
It surprising how continuous author Romm is able to make his story, considering he worked from so many fragmented sources. Told with alacrity and wit, the tale positively hurtles along. I knew nothing before reading this book about the long-suffering Peloponnesian city-states’ bloody revolt against Spartan tyrrany, ca. 380 BC, and the role Thebes played in it. It’s deeply satisfying to read about. But it’s just part of the story of the Sacred Band, whose engine was erôs.
The theory goes that a fighting force made of male couples would possess a keener impulse to win at war than other fighters, because lovers would not want to disappoint each other. The idea was discussed by Xenophon in his Hellenica—he was a booster of Sparta who thought male erôs could only be weakness, never a virtue. Plato, however, in both Symposium and Phaedrus, suggested the motivation of same-sex lovers might be greater than that of ordinary unattached soldiers.
“Pammenes understood the Sacred Band, for it was he, according to one account, who first thought to station its lovers side by side. Plutarch explains the rationale, in words that perhaps came from Pammenes himself: ‘Men abandon their clansman and kinsman, even—by Zeus!— their parents and children; but no enemy ever came between an erastês and his erômenos.’ Significantly, Plutarch here calls Pammenes an erôtikos anêr, a term of high praise in this context: a man devoted to matters of erôs.” (p. 209)
Coincident with the formation of the Theban Sacred Band was the discovery of a new style of fighting. Instead of the rigid Greek phalanx, one of the Sacred Band’s leaders, Pelopidas—the other was Epaminondas—saw how an attack focused at a single point of the enemy's weakness could be radically advantageous. This is how the Thebans fought Sparta at both Tegyra and Leuctra which helped precipitate the aforementioned Spartan collapse.
There are so many narrative satisfactions here that I cannot begin to summarize them. Please read this wonderful book.
The theory goes that a fighting force made of male couples would possess a keener impulse to win at war than other fighters, because lovers would not want to disappoint each other. The idea was discussed by Xenophon in his Hellenica—he was a booster of Sparta who thought male erôs could only be weakness, never a virtue. Plato, however, in both Symposium and Phaedrus, suggested the motivation of same-sex lovers might be greater than that of ordinary unattached soldiers.
“Pammenes understood the Sacred Band, for it was he, according to one account, who first thought to station its lovers side by side. Plutarch explains the rationale, in words that perhaps came from Pammenes himself: ‘Men abandon their clansman and kinsman, even—by Zeus!— their parents and children; but no enemy ever came between an erastês and his erômenos.’ Significantly, Plutarch here calls Pammenes an erôtikos anêr, a term of high praise in this context: a man devoted to matters of erôs.” (p. 209)
Coincident with the formation of the Theban Sacred Band was the discovery of a new style of fighting. Instead of the rigid Greek phalanx, one of the Sacred Band’s leaders, Pelopidas—the other was Epaminondas—saw how an attack focused at a single point of the enemy's weakness could be radically advantageous. This is how the Thebans fought Sparta at both Tegyra and Leuctra which helped precipitate the aforementioned Spartan collapse.
There are so many narrative satisfactions here that I cannot begin to summarize them. Please read this wonderful book.
Want to read
June 8, 2021How excited am I about this book? Let's just say I'm making a note to myself to be sure not to die before it releases in June 2021. I guess that makes it a bucket list book.
May 21, 2021
In The Sacred Band James Romm transports readers back to 379 B.C. to the rise of Thebes and the fight for Greek freedom.
In 379 B.C. Spartan troops - and their autocratic allies in Thebes - had decimated Thebean democracy and turned its city into a puppet. Out of exile in Athens, a group of soldiers - the Sacred Band - would rise up and take back their city. This band, formed of male lovers who fought side-by-side with each other would, for a period of decades, be the most feared military force in all of Greece. The success of the Sacred Band proved that male-to-male love was more than just a symbol and more than just hedonistic: it could be used to fight for and protect Greek's greatest gift to man kind: freedom and democracy.
Romm's voice is unparalleled; reading The Sacred Band is not like reading most accounts of Greek literature. Though technically a work of historical scholarship, this book has the voice of literary fiction and the storytelling makes it nearly impossible to put down. My only qualm? That sadly the Sacred Band is only tangential to the story the book actually tells, which is more a story of the waning years of Greek democracy. But the moral of the story shines through: queerness - even in the Greek sense - was a bastion of freedom in the face of tyranny.
In 379 B.C. Spartan troops - and their autocratic allies in Thebes - had decimated Thebean democracy and turned its city into a puppet. Out of exile in Athens, a group of soldiers - the Sacred Band - would rise up and take back their city. This band, formed of male lovers who fought side-by-side with each other would, for a period of decades, be the most feared military force in all of Greece. The success of the Sacred Band proved that male-to-male love was more than just a symbol and more than just hedonistic: it could be used to fight for and protect Greek's greatest gift to man kind: freedom and democracy.
Romm's voice is unparalleled; reading The Sacred Band is not like reading most accounts of Greek literature. Though technically a work of historical scholarship, this book has the voice of literary fiction and the storytelling makes it nearly impossible to put down. My only qualm? That sadly the Sacred Band is only tangential to the story the book actually tells, which is more a story of the waning years of Greek democracy. But the moral of the story shines through: queerness - even in the Greek sense - was a bastion of freedom in the face of tyranny.
February 21, 2023
I think this is my favourite history book I've ever read (and that is saying a lot).
The Sacred Band is both endlessly fascinating, and also unbearably heartbreaking. Everyone should read this book. This is history that should be taught in schools, but simply isn't. These men were heroes the likes of which the world has never seen again. They outclassed Spartans time and time again; even when greatly outnumbered by them. Only Alexander the Great himself could bring an end to their dominance on the battlefield, and only when the members of the band were past their prime. And they were an army of Homosexual partners. I mean . . . come on. The erasure of this very true history is simply abhorrent.
It is truly dizzying the level of history that has been forcefully cleansed of homosexual context or facts. It infuriates me to no end.
I say again: read this book, damn you. Read it and then read it again. And then get your grandma to read it. Then give it to your neighbour to read. And then . . . you read it again.
The Sacred Band is both endlessly fascinating, and also unbearably heartbreaking. Everyone should read this book. This is history that should be taught in schools, but simply isn't. These men were heroes the likes of which the world has never seen again. They outclassed Spartans time and time again; even when greatly outnumbered by them. Only Alexander the Great himself could bring an end to their dominance on the battlefield, and only when the members of the band were past their prime. And they were an army of Homosexual partners. I mean . . . come on. The erasure of this very true history is simply abhorrent.
It is truly dizzying the level of history that has been forcefully cleansed of homosexual context or facts. It infuriates me to no end.
I say again: read this book, damn you. Read it and then read it again. And then get your grandma to read it. Then give it to your neighbour to read. And then . . . you read it again.
January 24, 2022
I thought this was a very fitting tribute to the Sacred Band which was an army of 300 Theban lovers united to take on all of Greece.They were at first conceived to combat Spartan supremacy and with their eventual win over them they soon discovered themselves pitted against their former allies of Athens and Macedonia.The book goes on to detail how this happened,what actually befell them and the very moving drawings of their final resting place on the plains of Chaeronea.Highly recommend if you enjoy Greek history.
Much thanks to Netgalley for providing me a copy in exchange for my honest review.
Much thanks to Netgalley for providing me a copy in exchange for my honest review.
December 20, 2025
4.5 Stars
Review of The Sacred Band by James Romm
As a longtime admirer of James Romm’s writing, I was eager to dive into The Sacred Band, and I was not disappointed. Romm once again proves his talent for crafting concise, focused histories on overlooked or specialized topics. This book, in particular, is a moving and enlightening account of one of the most unique military units of the ancient world—the 300 male lovers who formed the Sacred Band of Thebes.
What makes this book so compelling is how Romm weaves together military history, art, politics, and the deeply human story of love and loyalty. He doesn’t just recount battles and tactics; he captures the powerful emotional bonds that defined this elite force. The theme of Eros—love as both an intimate and political force—runs throughout the book, giving it a philosophical and even poetic resonance. It’s truly remarkable how Romm brings to life the courage of these men and the values they fought for, especially in contrast to Greek tyranny and in defense of early democratic ideals.
One of the most fascinating threads in the book is Romm’s discussion of how the Sacred Band was viewed—and often marginalized—by historians and writers. Their story, though heroic, was buried under centuries of discomfort with the nature of their relationships. Romm handles this history with grace and clarity, giving long-overdue recognition to the bravery and legacy of the Theban band.
This is one of the first books I’ve read on Ancient Greece, and I’ll admit I felt a bit lost at times in the swirl of unfamiliar names, city-states, and mythic references. That said, I still found the book immensely rewarding. Romm’s writing about Greek art and culture was eye-opening, and I learned a great deal from his nuanced exploration of both the historical and symbolic power of the Sacred Band.
The Sacred Band is a beautiful piece in the mosaic of the ancient world—rich in detail, emotion, and meaning. While it challenged me at times as a newcomer to Greek history, it has deepened my appreciation for this era and for Romm’s gift as a historian and storyteller. Highly recommended for anyone curious about love, war, and the complexity of ancient ideals. I’ve read quite a few James Romm books in 2025. This was my favorite!
Kindle/Audible immersive
Review of The Sacred Band by James Romm
As a longtime admirer of James Romm’s writing, I was eager to dive into The Sacred Band, and I was not disappointed. Romm once again proves his talent for crafting concise, focused histories on overlooked or specialized topics. This book, in particular, is a moving and enlightening account of one of the most unique military units of the ancient world—the 300 male lovers who formed the Sacred Band of Thebes.
What makes this book so compelling is how Romm weaves together military history, art, politics, and the deeply human story of love and loyalty. He doesn’t just recount battles and tactics; he captures the powerful emotional bonds that defined this elite force. The theme of Eros—love as both an intimate and political force—runs throughout the book, giving it a philosophical and even poetic resonance. It’s truly remarkable how Romm brings to life the courage of these men and the values they fought for, especially in contrast to Greek tyranny and in defense of early democratic ideals.
One of the most fascinating threads in the book is Romm’s discussion of how the Sacred Band was viewed—and often marginalized—by historians and writers. Their story, though heroic, was buried under centuries of discomfort with the nature of their relationships. Romm handles this history with grace and clarity, giving long-overdue recognition to the bravery and legacy of the Theban band.
This is one of the first books I’ve read on Ancient Greece, and I’ll admit I felt a bit lost at times in the swirl of unfamiliar names, city-states, and mythic references. That said, I still found the book immensely rewarding. Romm’s writing about Greek art and culture was eye-opening, and I learned a great deal from his nuanced exploration of both the historical and symbolic power of the Sacred Band.
The Sacred Band is a beautiful piece in the mosaic of the ancient world—rich in detail, emotion, and meaning. While it challenged me at times as a newcomer to Greek history, it has deepened my appreciation for this era and for Romm’s gift as a historian and storyteller. Highly recommended for anyone curious about love, war, and the complexity of ancient ideals. I’ve read quite a few James Romm books in 2025. This was my favorite!
Kindle/Audible immersive
January 11, 2023
Interesting and well-constructed out of very fragmented evidence. My only objection to the book is that the title and focus are a little misleading. It is more accurately a history of Thebes and its struggles against surrounding powers, acknowledging and describing the accomplishments of the titular Sacred Band, but seemingly as a lesser focus. It is a history that acknowledges and credits queerness, which is still huge! But I had, by the title and summary, hoped for a more intimate look at the Band itself, how it functioned, its members and their stories and loves. It is extremely likely that this information is simply unattainable and to present it would've been a fiction, but that said, I wish the book had been clearer about what it was presenting.
September 15, 2024
Really great read. Romm continues to cement himself as one of my favorite historians. His style of storytelling gels with my own so well that it reads more like an epic tale than a simple history. His books are page-turners. Just as good as Ghosts on the Throne.
I do think the post-Epaminondas section feel rushed, and I think it might be confusing to newcomers to the history who aren't aware of the major players like Philip and Demosthenes etc., but that's a small issue as the story of the Sacred Band largely ends at Mantinea.
Highly recommend for any fans of the time period.
I do think the post-Epaminondas section feel rushed, and I think it might be confusing to newcomers to the history who aren't aware of the major players like Philip and Demosthenes etc., but that's a small issue as the story of the Sacred Band largely ends at Mantinea.
Highly recommend for any fans of the time period.
July 1, 2021
Having completed The Sacred Band, I can say that my gay fantasy of finding personal fulfillment in being transported back to the time of these Theban lovers has been totally discarded. Not for me to bear arms in combat, with or without a boyfriend by my side. Not for me a belief system with anthropomorphized gods and goddesses. Not for me to be carried off as chattel to work the fields of another polis. Not for me the life of a mercenary. Thank you, James Romm, I needed this book.
Romm acknowledged that, from the uncovering of their mass grave at Chaeronea in 1880, men attracted to men were mesmerized by the very idea of The Sacred Band. Our craving to understand them has been quenched. Information about these military lovers is so contextualized in the life of ancient Thebes, that their sexual attractions recede to the level that sexual attractions play for us moderns: they are just a part of the whole person we aspire to be.
The best books, in my opinion, are the ones that have me pondering and questioning for days afterwards, and The Sacred Band is certainly one. I have deepest respect for historians who write engagingly about the past and still make subtle commentary on 21st century events. If I could interview Romm, I would question him about his perceived similarities between our time and Greece in the 4th century B.C.E. By all means pick up this book and read it. You will be as delighted with it as you were as a teen with myths about Greek gods and tales of mortal heroes.
This review is not an endorsement of amazon.com or any business owned by Jeff Bezos. Books for my reviews were checked out from a public library, purchased from a local brick-and-mortar book shop, or ordered from my favorite website for rare and out-of-print books.
Romm acknowledged that, from the uncovering of their mass grave at Chaeronea in 1880, men attracted to men were mesmerized by the very idea of The Sacred Band. Our craving to understand them has been quenched. Information about these military lovers is so contextualized in the life of ancient Thebes, that their sexual attractions recede to the level that sexual attractions play for us moderns: they are just a part of the whole person we aspire to be.
The best books, in my opinion, are the ones that have me pondering and questioning for days afterwards, and The Sacred Band is certainly one. I have deepest respect for historians who write engagingly about the past and still make subtle commentary on 21st century events. If I could interview Romm, I would question him about his perceived similarities between our time and Greece in the 4th century B.C.E. By all means pick up this book and read it. You will be as delighted with it as you were as a teen with myths about Greek gods and tales of mortal heroes.
This review is not an endorsement of amazon.com or any business owned by Jeff Bezos. Books for my reviews were checked out from a public library, purchased from a local brick-and-mortar book shop, or ordered from my favorite website for rare and out-of-print books.
May 18, 2021
DRC provided by Scribner via Edelweiss+ in exchange for an honest review.
Content Warning: exhumation, death, war, incest, violence, homophobia, slavery, rape, torture.
The Sacred Band: Three Hundred Theban Lovers Fighting to Save Greek Freedom by James Romm is a non-fiction, historical novel about the one-hundred-and-fifty fearless queer couples of soldiers of Thebes, depicting their origin, the years in which they remained triumphant against their enemies, included Athens and Sparta, and ultimately their defeat brought about by the legendary Macedonian king, Alexander The Great.
I really appreciated this book and all the information it recollected about Thebes and its brave queer warriors. Facts, which many historians tried to disparage, deny or delete. An event that has happened again and again. One only needs to think about Stith Thompson, a homophobic academic from the twentieth century who erased numerous queer fairy tales and folkloristic stories from an index he was participating in creating because of his own bigoted bias. My heart weeps at the thought of everything we lost because of ignorance and hatred.
Content Warning: exhumation, death, war, incest, violence, homophobia, slavery, rape, torture.
The Sacred Band: Three Hundred Theban Lovers Fighting to Save Greek Freedom by James Romm is a non-fiction, historical novel about the one-hundred-and-fifty fearless queer couples of soldiers of Thebes, depicting their origin, the years in which they remained triumphant against their enemies, included Athens and Sparta, and ultimately their defeat brought about by the legendary Macedonian king, Alexander The Great.
I really appreciated this book and all the information it recollected about Thebes and its brave queer warriors. Facts, which many historians tried to disparage, deny or delete. An event that has happened again and again. One only needs to think about Stith Thompson, a homophobic academic from the twentieth century who erased numerous queer fairy tales and folkloristic stories from an index he was participating in creating because of his own bigoted bias. My heart weeps at the thought of everything we lost because of ignorance and hatred.
July 7, 2022
The only general who's never been beaten is Eros. - Pammenes, leader of Thebes, as quoted by Plutarch
This was a fascinating read. This book tells the history of Greece, from 382 BC to 335 BC, with a focus on the Sacred Band, Thebes' formidable military corps composed of 150 couples of erastês and erômenos, male lovers and beloveds, whose might allowed Thebes to rise to power.
The book explores what made Thebes different from the other major city states of the period, Athens and Sparta, in its attitude toward homosexual relationships. For years before the birth of the Sacred Band, homosexual couples in Thebes made sacred vows at a shrine of Iolaus and spent their lives together, and this tradition became state-sanctioned and glorified in the form of this military unit who achieved unparalleled success, notably against Sparta.
However, the book is also a treasure trove of information regarding all three city states, their most influential historical figures, their wars, their way of life and the Greek myths that influenced them.
This was a fascinating read. This book tells the history of Greece, from 382 BC to 335 BC, with a focus on the Sacred Band, Thebes' formidable military corps composed of 150 couples of erastês and erômenos, male lovers and beloveds, whose might allowed Thebes to rise to power.
The book explores what made Thebes different from the other major city states of the period, Athens and Sparta, in its attitude toward homosexual relationships. For years before the birth of the Sacred Band, homosexual couples in Thebes made sacred vows at a shrine of Iolaus and spent their lives together, and this tradition became state-sanctioned and glorified in the form of this military unit who achieved unparalleled success, notably against Sparta.
However, the book is also a treasure trove of information regarding all three city states, their most influential historical figures, their wars, their way of life and the Greek myths that influenced them.
June 22, 2021
So this book wasn’t what I expected. While there is content on The Sacred Band specifically (and attitudes towards same-sex relationships in Ancient Greece in general), this book is really a history of Ancient Greece in the 4th century BC, centered on the city-state of Thebes, before it fell under the sway of Philip of Macedonia — very interesting, but not really what the title advertises. I will give the author credit for working with what I am sure was scant material to do the best he could, but readers expecting a detailed book about The Sacred Band (which I was) will most likely be disappointed.
November 9, 2023
It would be fairer if the title had a different approach, because the book, regardless of telling about the times when the Sacred Band of Thebes existed, doesn't come closer to telling it in more detail, but only how the Band of Male Lovers was important to defeat some other mighty armies of the Greek city-state, like that of Sparta.
All in all, it is the history revolving around the time that Thebes tried to rule over Greece (from around 370 B.C. to around 335 B.C, when Alexander destroyed it), having Epaminondas as one of its greatest, and impose its democratic vision of society, rather than that of a plutocratic/aristocratic and military society as Sparta was. Thebes was one of the city-states that were ok with male-to-male relationships, thus, it saw an advantage in creating an army formed by male lovers, one supporting the other in battle. It was one of the strongest, considering it was composed of a short number of soldiers.
All in all, as a telling of a period in Greek history, it is quite an interesting read, regardless of the deceiving title.
All in all, it is the history revolving around the time that Thebes tried to rule over Greece (from around 370 B.C. to around 335 B.C, when Alexander destroyed it), having Epaminondas as one of its greatest, and impose its democratic vision of society, rather than that of a plutocratic/aristocratic and military society as Sparta was. Thebes was one of the city-states that were ok with male-to-male relationships, thus, it saw an advantage in creating an army formed by male lovers, one supporting the other in battle. It was one of the strongest, considering it was composed of a short number of soldiers.
All in all, as a telling of a period in Greek history, it is quite an interesting read, regardless of the deceiving title.
June 6, 2025
[Audiobook] [Spotify Premium] Fascinating Greek history lesson... and the Sacred Band element is incredible!
January 12, 2022
This was an informative and enjoyable book. I did not know much about Thebes. It's more a history of Thebes in that time, with a focus on the Sacred Band not a book specifically on that distinct unit.
July 29, 2024
Excellent writing and research. Riveting first chapter.
May 4, 2021
I received this book in exchange for an honest review from NetGalley.
I would like to start out and say that this is well researched, and James Romm knows his stuff. My main issues lies in the reliability of primary sources, some sketchy interpretation of osteology, and overall accessibility. I think non academics will struggle to finish this, and feel like the military history could be more concise.
James Romm attempts to tackle a topic mentioned by Xenophon, a contemporary, and in Plato's Symposium that is rarely talked about in the Classical word. There is so little on it mentioned, that, in retrospect, makes complete sense that this is a book mostly about the conflict between Thebes and Sparta, and less about the Band themselves. I will admit I had to skim a lot after the 1st half of the book to look for discussions on the Sacred Band specifically. As one who has training in Classical Archaeology, I was not convinced by this book. Not to say it wasn't as enjoyable or interesting at times, but it's a bit sensationalistic (to me). What I thought would be a more in depth look at the Band itself, arguments and evidence from a variety of scholars, was a military history of the aegean.
I do not doubt the remains at Chaeronea were Thebans who were killed at Chaeronea, but using osteological data to support the nature of the soldier's relationship - the courageous unwillingness to die despite the brutality of the wounds inflicted (the insinuation being because of the romantic nature of the sacred band) is odd and very unscientific and again, sensationalist. That was the nail in the coffin for me towards the end (pun intended).
That they were lovers bound together in this romanticized way feels almost mythological- a product popularized by Plato who was no doubt read by these later sources. The grouping of 300 (why is it always 300 with these legendary forces?) is almost a trope in the classics world, and the key sources such as Plutarch who. is heavily relied upon, writing about the Band themselves were writing hundreds of years after the fact, making it even more likely it may have been more romantic myth than fact. That is a fact that is not emphasized enough by the author in my opinion. I think most classical archaeologists would be extremely skeptical of this book.
If you're actually wanting to learn more about the sacred band itself, it's worth skimming the chapters, and looking at various sources with a critical eye. If you're thinking this will be a book to learn more about homoeroticism in the Greek world, this is definitely not the book. On that end, it's worth considering that if homoeroticism was as prevalent in the Greek world as we believe and it appears to be, than this "band of lovers" dynamic in the military setting likely was not as unique to just the Theban forces. If you enjoy Greek military history, you'll probably like this because that's largely what this book is.
I would like to start out and say that this is well researched, and James Romm knows his stuff. My main issues lies in the reliability of primary sources, some sketchy interpretation of osteology, and overall accessibility. I think non academics will struggle to finish this, and feel like the military history could be more concise.
James Romm attempts to tackle a topic mentioned by Xenophon, a contemporary, and in Plato's Symposium that is rarely talked about in the Classical word. There is so little on it mentioned, that, in retrospect, makes complete sense that this is a book mostly about the conflict between Thebes and Sparta, and less about the Band themselves. I will admit I had to skim a lot after the 1st half of the book to look for discussions on the Sacred Band specifically. As one who has training in Classical Archaeology, I was not convinced by this book. Not to say it wasn't as enjoyable or interesting at times, but it's a bit sensationalistic (to me). What I thought would be a more in depth look at the Band itself, arguments and evidence from a variety of scholars, was a military history of the aegean.
I do not doubt the remains at Chaeronea were Thebans who were killed at Chaeronea, but using osteological data to support the nature of the soldier's relationship - the courageous unwillingness to die despite the brutality of the wounds inflicted (the insinuation being because of the romantic nature of the sacred band) is odd and very unscientific and again, sensationalist. That was the nail in the coffin for me towards the end (pun intended).
That they were lovers bound together in this romanticized way feels almost mythological- a product popularized by Plato who was no doubt read by these later sources. The grouping of 300 (why is it always 300 with these legendary forces?) is almost a trope in the classics world, and the key sources such as Plutarch who. is heavily relied upon, writing about the Band themselves were writing hundreds of years after the fact, making it even more likely it may have been more romantic myth than fact. That is a fact that is not emphasized enough by the author in my opinion. I think most classical archaeologists would be extremely skeptical of this book.
If you're actually wanting to learn more about the sacred band itself, it's worth skimming the chapters, and looking at various sources with a critical eye. If you're thinking this will be a book to learn more about homoeroticism in the Greek world, this is definitely not the book. On that end, it's worth considering that if homoeroticism was as prevalent in the Greek world as we believe and it appears to be, than this "band of lovers" dynamic in the military setting likely was not as unique to just the Theban forces. If you enjoy Greek military history, you'll probably like this because that's largely what this book is.
October 21, 2023
I must commend Romm for not only trying to bring an ancient and often forgotten piece of history to life, but also trying to make sense of an exceedingly confusing time period.
This book takes place between the Peloponnesian War and the conquest of Greece by Philip II of Macedonia. It's a chaotic time of alliance shifts between Sparta, Athens, and Thebes, with Thebes taking center stage in this story.
In particular, it's a group of 300 male Theban lovers turned warriors who are used as the proponents of this story. In the midst of strong-men, Persian overlords, and shifty city-states looking for whatever alliance will get them a leg up in the long run, these Theban warriors, eventually known as the Sacred Band, stood through it all, fighting to protect not just their newly independent home, Thebes, from Sparta, but to also protect their male lover.
And male lovers they are. This isn't some kinky, homo-erotic fling at play. These men had a passion and responsibility for their lover that went beyond any simple sexual exploit. Respect and dignity were at the forefront of these relationships, with the thought process being that lovers fighting alongside each other will go the extra mile to fight and survive against the enemy, the next step beyond any "band of brothers."
This book follows their exploits across Greece during these chaotic times, with Romm providing proper context for each conflict that they find themselves in. Some context is also given to how the rest of Greece got along with the idea of male lovers, and how later scholars let their anti-homosexual prejudices get in the way of truly understanding the Sacred Band's relationships with each other. A truly fascinating read.
I wish there were more maps to more easily follow along the Band's exploits. However, overall, you'll have a hard time finding a better book that looks at this unique and fascinating period of history than this one. Would definitely recommend.
This book takes place between the Peloponnesian War and the conquest of Greece by Philip II of Macedonia. It's a chaotic time of alliance shifts between Sparta, Athens, and Thebes, with Thebes taking center stage in this story.
In particular, it's a group of 300 male Theban lovers turned warriors who are used as the proponents of this story. In the midst of strong-men, Persian overlords, and shifty city-states looking for whatever alliance will get them a leg up in the long run, these Theban warriors, eventually known as the Sacred Band, stood through it all, fighting to protect not just their newly independent home, Thebes, from Sparta, but to also protect their male lover.
And male lovers they are. This isn't some kinky, homo-erotic fling at play. These men had a passion and responsibility for their lover that went beyond any simple sexual exploit. Respect and dignity were at the forefront of these relationships, with the thought process being that lovers fighting alongside each other will go the extra mile to fight and survive against the enemy, the next step beyond any "band of brothers."
This book follows their exploits across Greece during these chaotic times, with Romm providing proper context for each conflict that they find themselves in. Some context is also given to how the rest of Greece got along with the idea of male lovers, and how later scholars let their anti-homosexual prejudices get in the way of truly understanding the Sacred Band's relationships with each other. A truly fascinating read.
I wish there were more maps to more easily follow along the Band's exploits. However, overall, you'll have a hard time finding a better book that looks at this unique and fascinating period of history than this one. Would definitely recommend.
September 15, 2021
I am already half way through and I enjoy this book immensely. His prose is very clear and the book is packed with little gems of information. I had read his other book on Seneca, and enjoyed it as well. However, my only comment would be on the title; This book is about the events around the time when Spartan expansionism peaked. In my humble opinion it could have been (jokingly): Greeks, stop killing each other, you are too precious. Anyway, it is refreshing to read about Thebes as Spartans and Athenians have been receiving well-earned coverage for ages. Hope you all enjoy the book. The part about Pythagoras is delicious.
August 9, 2023
This a masterful historical account of Theban military efforts in the campaigns leading up to the invasion of Philip of Macedon’s forces. While at times laden with details that I personally found irrelevant to the topic, Romm does a marvelous job of depicting the events of this book so that they are easily digestible, even to laymen such as myself.
We start with the finding of Chaerona, quite accidentally, by George Ledwell Taylor in 1818. Specifically the finding of the great lion statue that stood as the only marker for a battle lost by the Greeks in 338 BC. However, it wasn’t until 1880 that a mass grave was found beneath this statue. It is this grave that most believe to be the resting place of the legendary Sacred Band of Thebes. Some 254 bodies were discovered here, not accounting for the full 300 that was stated in the historical records, but among them were a handful with arms “linked at the elbow” which was, suffice it to say, unusual.
Several ancient sources exist (and likely several more no longer do) that talk about a group of soldiers from Thebes comprised entirely of male lovers, “ — each stationed to fight beside their beloved. The eros they felt was a spur to their courage in battle, as each sought to excel in his partner’s eyes.” This, then must be the final resting place of that legendary unit.
In order to get a good sense of Thebes’ place in this story and in the eyes of her fellow Greeks of the era, Romm delves deeply into the history of this city state, its tragic origins in myth, its place in Greek history, the Spartan takeover of the Cadmea in 382 BC, — including their aggression with Sparta and Athens after this time— and Thebes’ unusual siding with Persia in 480 BC (mentioned but not discussed in too much detail as it predates all of the events discussed in this book). All of this is delivered in a very succinct, digestible prose that makes it easy to absorb even as you succumb to a litany of nearly unpronounceable names (not Romm’s fault. He even includes a pronunciation guide for a few of them. Bless him).
Yet for everything that this book offers, it did not deliver in the one place that I had most expected: details about the Sacred Band itself. I had hoped to have more information about how it was formed, accounts from those who were in it (aside from its leaders, which even these were a scant few), it’s full origin and the details about how and where they fought. However, the more I read and the more I thought about it, I realized that this was a very naïve expectation. So little has made its way to us from ancient times that there’s likely no way any of these records — if there were any at all — exist today. The fact that we have remnants of the plaque of Pelopidas’ grave, or that the great Lion of Chaerona was even found, are all miracles in and of themselves. To think that we might have had more personal accounts of what would qualify today as a “special forces” unit is unreasonable, and yet I still find myself disappointed despite this being no fault of the author.
The story of the Sacred Band, and Romm’s book specifically, is incredibly important for several reasons. I must commend the author for taking the time to highlight how historians and academics have attempted to eradicate the true nature of this small military force that was so feared and respected in its time. Acts such as these have served no small part in the continued attempts at erasure of queer history. Romm evidences this fact in the short narratives at the beginning of several chapters where he gives us insights about the tortured historians who found themselves in stories like this (those who were queer themselves at a time where society was even more hostile towards homosexuality) but were unsuccessful in bringing it to light due to their peers refusing to acknowledge that such “predilections” existed in ancient times. It boggles the mind to hear people — even up into modernity — say things like “well yes, they loved each other sexually but never acted on it”. Gregory Nagy, a well renowned and deservedly well respected source on ancient Greek history said as much of Achilles and Patroclus during one of his lectures on The Ancient Greek Hero in 24 Hours, stating that their relationship “wasn’t homosexual, but was quite possibly homoerotic” which I can’t make any sense of even now.
Equally, if not more importantly, Romm highlights in this book other instances of male lovers not in relation to The Sacred Band, whether in Thebes, Elis — a city state compared often with Thebes who employed equally liberal stances on the idea of *eros* among men — Athens, or even Sparta. When the historians of the era (Plutarch and Xenophon are mentioned frequently here, even though Xenophon is known to go back and forth on such sentiments especially in regards to Spartan military forces and leadership) indicate the truth of The Sacred Band and the concept of eros, it is almost impressive the lengths certain people will go in their mental gymnastics to deny the existence of queer people, or their acceptance in society, especially one as esteemed and romanticized as the ancient Greeks. I appreciate Romm’s extra efforts in this aspect of his book. It’s a detail he could have glossed over entirely, but the care he took to mention it brings me to respect him as an author and historian. I’m not sure if Romm is a queer man himself, but his thoughtful consideration of these efforts has earned him a great deal of respect in my eyes.
With all that said, however, this book really didn’t talk about The Sacred Band all that much. What we got was the history surrounding the events that brought about The Sacred Band, the few places they fought, and ultimately where they made their last stand against the forces of Philip of Macedon (they were slaughtered primarily by his son, Alexander the Great, made easier by a remarkably ridiculous decision by Theban leadership). The rest of this book discusses the political upheaval that surrounded Thebes regarding Sparta, Athens, Corinth, Thessaly, and other city states at that time. You will almost exclusively be reading about Epaminondas and Pelopidas who served as leaders of Thebes and generals of The Sacred Band at various times throughout the course of its existence — but who died before the fated battle against Philip and his army — as well as the tyrants Jason of Pherae, Dionysius of Syracuse, Artaxerxses II, and the longstanding Spartan King Agesilaus.
Furthermore, the book is subtitled -“The Last Days of Greek Freedom” when it really should have been called “Several Decades of Internal Strife Followed By The Final Days of Greek Independence” since, again, most of this book contends with the battles waged between Thebes, Sparta, and Athens with Philip of Macedon only coming into play in the last 50 or so pages.
Regardless, this book was incredibly inspiring. I’m interested in learning more about The Sacred Band, especially since I knew next to nothing about them up until quite recently. It’s made me wonder, with all of the queer stories and retellings regarding antiquity, why hasn’t anyone pursued such an exemplary aspect of queer history in the form of fictional retellings? It seems like such a waste, even though the effort to accurately portray it would be a laborious one. If any such events in history deserve attention it should be this one, especially considering what it meant to so many people over the last two centuries who struggled to find acceptance somewhere when the world they lived in would not give it to them.
We start with the finding of Chaerona, quite accidentally, by George Ledwell Taylor in 1818. Specifically the finding of the great lion statue that stood as the only marker for a battle lost by the Greeks in 338 BC. However, it wasn’t until 1880 that a mass grave was found beneath this statue. It is this grave that most believe to be the resting place of the legendary Sacred Band of Thebes. Some 254 bodies were discovered here, not accounting for the full 300 that was stated in the historical records, but among them were a handful with arms “linked at the elbow” which was, suffice it to say, unusual.
Several ancient sources exist (and likely several more no longer do) that talk about a group of soldiers from Thebes comprised entirely of male lovers, “ — each stationed to fight beside their beloved. The eros they felt was a spur to their courage in battle, as each sought to excel in his partner’s eyes.” This, then must be the final resting place of that legendary unit.
In order to get a good sense of Thebes’ place in this story and in the eyes of her fellow Greeks of the era, Romm delves deeply into the history of this city state, its tragic origins in myth, its place in Greek history, the Spartan takeover of the Cadmea in 382 BC, — including their aggression with Sparta and Athens after this time— and Thebes’ unusual siding with Persia in 480 BC (mentioned but not discussed in too much detail as it predates all of the events discussed in this book). All of this is delivered in a very succinct, digestible prose that makes it easy to absorb even as you succumb to a litany of nearly unpronounceable names (not Romm’s fault. He even includes a pronunciation guide for a few of them. Bless him).
Yet for everything that this book offers, it did not deliver in the one place that I had most expected: details about the Sacred Band itself. I had hoped to have more information about how it was formed, accounts from those who were in it (aside from its leaders, which even these were a scant few), it’s full origin and the details about how and where they fought. However, the more I read and the more I thought about it, I realized that this was a very naïve expectation. So little has made its way to us from ancient times that there’s likely no way any of these records — if there were any at all — exist today. The fact that we have remnants of the plaque of Pelopidas’ grave, or that the great Lion of Chaerona was even found, are all miracles in and of themselves. To think that we might have had more personal accounts of what would qualify today as a “special forces” unit is unreasonable, and yet I still find myself disappointed despite this being no fault of the author.
The story of the Sacred Band, and Romm’s book specifically, is incredibly important for several reasons. I must commend the author for taking the time to highlight how historians and academics have attempted to eradicate the true nature of this small military force that was so feared and respected in its time. Acts such as these have served no small part in the continued attempts at erasure of queer history. Romm evidences this fact in the short narratives at the beginning of several chapters where he gives us insights about the tortured historians who found themselves in stories like this (those who were queer themselves at a time where society was even more hostile towards homosexuality) but were unsuccessful in bringing it to light due to their peers refusing to acknowledge that such “predilections” existed in ancient times. It boggles the mind to hear people — even up into modernity — say things like “well yes, they loved each other sexually but never acted on it”. Gregory Nagy, a well renowned and deservedly well respected source on ancient Greek history said as much of Achilles and Patroclus during one of his lectures on The Ancient Greek Hero in 24 Hours, stating that their relationship “wasn’t homosexual, but was quite possibly homoerotic” which I can’t make any sense of even now.
Equally, if not more importantly, Romm highlights in this book other instances of male lovers not in relation to The Sacred Band, whether in Thebes, Elis — a city state compared often with Thebes who employed equally liberal stances on the idea of *eros* among men — Athens, or even Sparta. When the historians of the era (Plutarch and Xenophon are mentioned frequently here, even though Xenophon is known to go back and forth on such sentiments especially in regards to Spartan military forces and leadership) indicate the truth of The Sacred Band and the concept of eros, it is almost impressive the lengths certain people will go in their mental gymnastics to deny the existence of queer people, or their acceptance in society, especially one as esteemed and romanticized as the ancient Greeks. I appreciate Romm’s extra efforts in this aspect of his book. It’s a detail he could have glossed over entirely, but the care he took to mention it brings me to respect him as an author and historian. I’m not sure if Romm is a queer man himself, but his thoughtful consideration of these efforts has earned him a great deal of respect in my eyes.
With all that said, however, this book really didn’t talk about The Sacred Band all that much. What we got was the history surrounding the events that brought about The Sacred Band, the few places they fought, and ultimately where they made their last stand against the forces of Philip of Macedon (they were slaughtered primarily by his son, Alexander the Great, made easier by a remarkably ridiculous decision by Theban leadership). The rest of this book discusses the political upheaval that surrounded Thebes regarding Sparta, Athens, Corinth, Thessaly, and other city states at that time. You will almost exclusively be reading about Epaminondas and Pelopidas who served as leaders of Thebes and generals of The Sacred Band at various times throughout the course of its existence — but who died before the fated battle against Philip and his army — as well as the tyrants Jason of Pherae, Dionysius of Syracuse, Artaxerxses II, and the longstanding Spartan King Agesilaus.
Furthermore, the book is subtitled -“The Last Days of Greek Freedom” when it really should have been called “Several Decades of Internal Strife Followed By The Final Days of Greek Independence” since, again, most of this book contends with the battles waged between Thebes, Sparta, and Athens with Philip of Macedon only coming into play in the last 50 or so pages.
Regardless, this book was incredibly inspiring. I’m interested in learning more about The Sacred Band, especially since I knew next to nothing about them up until quite recently. It’s made me wonder, with all of the queer stories and retellings regarding antiquity, why hasn’t anyone pursued such an exemplary aspect of queer history in the form of fictional retellings? It seems like such a waste, even though the effort to accurately portray it would be a laborious one. If any such events in history deserve attention it should be this one, especially considering what it meant to so many people over the last two centuries who struggled to find acceptance somewhere when the world they lived in would not give it to them.
June 30, 2021
I enjoyed this book immensely. The Sacred Band was an ancient Theban military unit, as legend has it, comprised of 150 pairs of male lovers. The book covered the band's inception, main military feat and final demise at the hands Philip and Alexander of Macedon during the 4th century BCE. The author also had passages of perception of warrior homoeroticism through the ages, which was interesting.
But I agree with other reviewers that this book wasn't so much about the Band itself, but a thorough history of the half century of Greek interstate history - from the end of the Peloponnesian war to the rise of Macedonia - though for me this was a plus. Romm used Plutarch(liberally) and Xenephon(critically) as his main sources and some Diodorus and presented the less covered classical Boetian history in a new light. Although I found the title and narrative of Thebans trying to save Greek freedom a bit propaganda'ish(not unlike Horodotus), I was very much engrossed by the rise and fall of Thebes, and the vivid characters of Epaminondas and Pelopidas.
I've had the luxury to travel to both Chaeronea and Messene. As Romm mentioned there were hardly any tourists. It's strange how some histories get immortalized while others are mostly forgotten. In the archeological museum of Chaeronea are the artifacts excavated from the mass grave attributed to the Band. The strigils and drinking cups were very moving. With this book I hope we'll hear more untold stories.
But I agree with other reviewers that this book wasn't so much about the Band itself, but a thorough history of the half century of Greek interstate history - from the end of the Peloponnesian war to the rise of Macedonia - though for me this was a plus. Romm used Plutarch(liberally) and Xenephon(critically) as his main sources and some Diodorus and presented the less covered classical Boetian history in a new light. Although I found the title and narrative of Thebans trying to save Greek freedom a bit propaganda'ish(not unlike Horodotus), I was very much engrossed by the rise and fall of Thebes, and the vivid characters of Epaminondas and Pelopidas.
I've had the luxury to travel to both Chaeronea and Messene. As Romm mentioned there were hardly any tourists. It's strange how some histories get immortalized while others are mostly forgotten. In the archeological museum of Chaeronea are the artifacts excavated from the mass grave attributed to the Band. The strigils and drinking cups were very moving. With this book I hope we'll hear more untold stories.
March 7, 2022
The very first time anything about Ancient Greece came up in a primary school history class, my abiding interest in this particular part of history was born. And among all the many immensely intriguing aspects thereof, the story of the Sacred Band of Thebes is one of topics I've been most fascinated with ever since I first came across a mention of it. This is an excellent, detailed and very engaging account of this piece of history, well researched and including plenty of background information as well. Definitely recommended if the subject interests you.
August 21, 2023
Very little content on the Sacred Band; it's really a click bait title. This book is just a general history of Greece during the period. It tends to get repetitive and boring at times and seems like the author was trying to pad the page count. The author also has a tendency to inject opinions and assumptions with no qualifiers. Disappointing.
Side note: The audiobook is full of mispronunciations.
Side note: The audiobook is full of mispronunciations.
May 3, 2025
Finally finished that one! I am still going through quite a slump. This book was an engaging informative look at the Sacred Band of Thebes. I knew of them going into the book but didn't know much beyond they were a fighting force made up of lovers. It was fascinating reading about their lives and the lives of people of that time and also was a very easy to read history book as well!
April 10, 2024
3.5
This was an enjoyable read, however it was more 'a century in Theban history' than specifically about the Sacred Band. This was hella gay though)
This was an enjoyable read, however it was more 'a century in Theban history' than specifically about the Sacred Band. This was hella gay though)
July 28, 2024
A very enjoyable read. I loved the authors style and inclusions of index and pictures. I could definitely see myself rereading in the future.
May 9, 2022
"The Sacred Band" is a fascinating little history book that focuses on the city of Thebes during the 4th century when it was the most powerful city in Greece. The story focuses on the 40 years from the bands' formation until its eventual destruction by Alexander the Great.
This book mostly discusses the politics of the Greek city states during the era and the important battles that determined their future. It is a fascinating look at the politics and beliefs of the times. Romm did an impressive job creating a narrative given the sources he had to work with. He examines the many views of male love that existed in the Greek city states during the time and how those views would eventually impact the 19th century gay community. He also takes the time to explore stories of women from the era (although this is not the focus of the book) which I also appreciated.
This book is fascinating and highly readable. It explores the long term influence of The Sacred Band rather than focusing on the stories of the men in the band, which likely don't exist at this point.
This book mostly discusses the politics of the Greek city states during the era and the important battles that determined their future. It is a fascinating look at the politics and beliefs of the times. Romm did an impressive job creating a narrative given the sources he had to work with. He examines the many views of male love that existed in the Greek city states during the time and how those views would eventually impact the 19th century gay community. He also takes the time to explore stories of women from the era (although this is not the focus of the book) which I also appreciated.
This book is fascinating and highly readable. It explores the long term influence of The Sacred Band rather than focusing on the stories of the men in the band, which likely don't exist at this point.
June 23, 2024
Let me start by saying this is not a book about the Sacred Band. It is a book about Thebes and I really don't know why the author chose this title. From the Spartan occupation of Thebes in 382 BC to the heart-wrenching destruction of the city in 335 BC, Romm captures a broad period of 47 years of intense turbulence and transformation.
Romm’s storytelling is both informative and captivating, making complex historical events accessible to a broad audience. The book is very well-researched, drawing on a variety of primary sources and recent archaeological findings. The detailed exploration of key figures like Epaminondas and Pelopidas adds depth to the historical narrative.
Of course the formation of the Sacred Band in 378 BC, is covered extensively, and Romm makes an excellent job in describing the nature of this group as a strategic military innovation but also as a testament to the power of erotic bonds forged between the gay couples. The book sets the context right around the Sacred Band and Thebes. It also makes an exceptional work in contextualizing the Sacred Band within the broader geopolitical dynamics of ancient Greece. The narrative spans crucial events such as the Third Sacred War, the rise of Philip II of Macedon, and the eventual destruction of Thebes by Alexander the Great. Each event is meticulously detailed, providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of the period. Also, Romm’s portrayal of leaders like Epaminondas and Pelopidas is particularly compelling.
I was only left a bit disappointed about the last chapter that covers the battle of Cheronia. In maybe the most significant battle in Ancient Greece, I expected more details about the battle itself, and also a more in-depth analysis of its meaning in the broader historical context.
But in nothing else, this book will leave readers thirsty to read more history! It is so engaging and captivating that can be read in one go. I wish I could find more authors that have this talent in retelling history in such a compelling way.
Romm’s storytelling is both informative and captivating, making complex historical events accessible to a broad audience. The book is very well-researched, drawing on a variety of primary sources and recent archaeological findings. The detailed exploration of key figures like Epaminondas and Pelopidas adds depth to the historical narrative.
Of course the formation of the Sacred Band in 378 BC, is covered extensively, and Romm makes an excellent job in describing the nature of this group as a strategic military innovation but also as a testament to the power of erotic bonds forged between the gay couples. The book sets the context right around the Sacred Band and Thebes. It also makes an exceptional work in contextualizing the Sacred Band within the broader geopolitical dynamics of ancient Greece. The narrative spans crucial events such as the Third Sacred War, the rise of Philip II of Macedon, and the eventual destruction of Thebes by Alexander the Great. Each event is meticulously detailed, providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of the period. Also, Romm’s portrayal of leaders like Epaminondas and Pelopidas is particularly compelling.
I was only left a bit disappointed about the last chapter that covers the battle of Cheronia. In maybe the most significant battle in Ancient Greece, I expected more details about the battle itself, and also a more in-depth analysis of its meaning in the broader historical context.
But in nothing else, this book will leave readers thirsty to read more history! It is so engaging and captivating that can be read in one go. I wish I could find more authors that have this talent in retelling history in such a compelling way.
August 23, 2025
The Sacred Band is an interesting read but I wish the book was more about what the title alludes to. It's more a study of the struggles of Thebes against surrounding powers than the actual Sacred Band. Was it worth the read? Yeah, especially if you like everything Greek history.
October 18, 2025
3.5. I definitely liked this and was not my usual genre, but I wished the actual Sacred Band was featured more. It felt more like a history of Greece during the 4th and 3rd century BC, with the Sacred Band as a footnote/side element
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