Neste segundo volume da publicação do “Curso de sociologia geral” proferido por Pierre Bourdieu no Collège de France, encontramos reunidas as treze aulas do ano letivo de 1982-1983. Utilizando uma linguagem clara e didática, Bourdieu apresenta em detalhes dois dos principais conceitos de sua perspectiva sociológica, habitus e campo. Ele mostra como esses conceitos surgiram de suas pesquisas sociológicas e antropológicas, como eles devem ser pensados em contraposição a outras perspectivas das ciências sociais e oferece vários exemplos de sua aplicação em situações concretas. Este livro é altamente esclarecedor tanto para iniciantes na leitura da obra de Bourdieu que buscam compreender os contornos gerais de seu pensamento quanto para pesquisadores experientes que poderão encontrar vários aprofundamentos e reflexões sobre esses conceitos que se tornaram fundamentais para as ciências sociais contemporâneas.
Bourdieu pioneered investigative frameworks and terminologies such as cultural, social, and symbolic capital, and the concepts of habitus, field or location, and symbolic violence to reveal the dynamics of power relations in social life. His work emphasized the role of practice and embodiment or forms in social dynamics and worldview construction, often in opposition to universalized Western philosophical traditions. He built upon the theories of Ludwig Wittgenstein, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Edmund Husserl, Georges Canguilhem, Karl Marx, Gaston Bachelard, Max Weber, Émile Durkheim, Erwin Panofsky, and Marcel Mauss. A notable influence on Bourdieu was Blaise Pascal, after whom Bourdieu titled his Pascalian Meditations.
Bourdieu rejected the idea of the intellectual "prophet", or the "total intellectual", as embodied by Sartre. His best known book is Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste, in which he argues that judgments of taste are related to social position. His argument is put forward by an original combination of social theory and data from surveys, photographs and interviews, in an attempt to reconcile difficulties such as how to understand the subject within objective structures. In the process, he tried to reconcile the influences of both external social structures and subjective experience on the individual (see structure and agency).