5 stars - absolute bible on the topic
As a newbie in nutrition, I've always had a lot of confusion about the multivariate landscape of nutrition. Calories are important, cholesterol is important, don't neglect your omega 3's, check your iron levels... All this info doesn't to answer the basic question of, "exactly what am I supposed to put in my body?" 2 years ago I joined a fitness Facebook group and asked candidly, "why are proteins important?"
Eric Helms succeeds in teaching both the novice and the expert at the same time, a very impressive feat. As a novice, here is what I got from reading the book (I skimmed through the last chapters as they were too advanced for me):
1. On tracking (weight, macros, ...): if you're the OCD type, tracking could cause more stress than benefits and it may be better not to track yourself at all! After all, if you are sensitive to your body, you will develop a feel to "know" what is right for you. However, tracking can be valuable to evaluate your baseline and make adjustments. You might consider tracking yourself for a 2 week period, get the information, then move on without further tracking.
2. Weight tracking allows you to evaluate if your diet is well balanced. Calorie surplus = weight gain, calorie deficit = weight loss. By knowing how many calories are stored per ounce of fat, you can calculate how to adjust your calorie intake accordingly. Your weight will fluctuate daily, therefore you should focus on weekly averages and see how these vary from week to week.
3. Calories is the baseline of nutrition. Before obsessing on macros, micros, supplements, get your calories right. Exactly "how" you reach your daily calories doesn't matter; however, you will quickly find out that dead calories (pure sugar candies, processed foods, ...) have less nutritional value than healthier produce. Also: forget about exclusion diets that take away your favorite foods; focus on an inclusion diet where you include more of the healthier foods in your daily intake. If you can balance them within your daily calories, the occasional candy or pizza are perfectly harmless.
4. Once you get a hang of your calories, macronutrients are the next step (carbs, fats, proteins). These macros are metabolized into calories, so every calorie you burn comes from one of these 3 sources. Proteins are essential building blocks and should be the foundation of your diet. Fats have essential metabolic functions too, make them ~25-35% of your daily calorie intake. Carbs are "pure energy" and should be calculated as the top layer of your diet: add them up to reach your daily calorie threshold.
5. Once your diet is balanced in macros, micronutrients are the next step (minerals & vitamins).
Additional fun facts:
* Don't obsess about fads like one meal per day or 5 micro-meals throughout your day. 3 meals a day is perfectly fine.
* How much water should you drink? If your urine has a yellow tint (from light yellow to dark brown), you're not drinking enough water. If your urine comes out clear, you're good.
* Fibres have zero nutritional or metabolic value but they help with cleaning your guts. Make sure to include some (mostly through vegetables) in your diet.
I will get back to this book for another study.