Source : Hoopla Audiobook. My review is that this is a solid book with common sense ideas .
The following is a bunch of notes from the book and from other sites.
Financial Philosophy
Money is a means to an end, you need to know what your goals are.
Don’t neglect today while saving for tomorrow.
Think harder about how we spend our money and time.
Money is emotional, settle for a strategy that you can stick with along the way.
Financial management includes our debts, homes, children, and income-earning abilities.
Focus on the things we can control (e.g. savings, investment cost, risk taking).
Simple is better.
How to Squeeze More Happiness from Dollars
Buy experiences, rather than things.
Count your blessings. Go out and celebrate, put up photos, admire what you have. This gives more happiness for your buck.
Strive for a sense of control, avoid uncertainty (e.g. large debt, long commute).
Find a purpose. You want to feel you’re making progress each day. You will likely be far happier than lazing around the rest of your life.
Give a little, it makes us feel good.
Make time for friends and family.
Portfolio Management
If you have a steady, bond-like, income, consider diversifying by buying stocks.
Set target portfolio percentages for each asset class (e.g. U.S. small caps, U.S. large caps, commodities, etc.) and regularly adjust your portfolio to bring it in line with those targets. The exact portfolio percentages are far less important than your willingness to stick with them (i.e. do not lower the % in a crisis).
Budgeting
Budgeting doesn’t work for most people. It is better off forgetting the budget and instead simply sock away money as soon as we get our paycheck. Sock away 10-15% of your salary and force yourself to live on whatever remains, “pay yourself first”.
Keep core living expenses to 50% or less of pretax income. Core living expenses include mortgage/rent, utilities, food, and insurance. The other 50% is for entertainment, savings, and taxes.
Housing
Buy a home that is the right size for you and your family, and no larger. That way, you won’t be wasting rent which you could have earned if the money is spent on another property.
Historically, average home price appreciation over 30 years is 4.7%. Subtract the property tax, maintenance cost, insurance (adds up to ~3% or more of the home value), your home investment is not even keeping pace with inflation (~3.8% a year). There is also the cost of 5-6% commission for buying and selling a house.
Early gains on the home price when your leverage high is set against high interest costs at the start. Later gains on the home price when you have paid down most of the mortgage means the debt leverage is lost.
Real estate market is less volatile because owners don’t get daily price information, they have to live somewhere so they don’t easily sell their homes, and during real estate downturns they hang on to their homes and make the monthly mortgage payments.
Retirement
You don’t have to own a big house, and you don’t have to pay for the kids’ college, but one day you will have to retire. Deal with retirement early. Don’t deal with house, kids, and retirement sequentially (in your 30s, 40s, 50s).
In retirement, hold a cash reserve equal to 5 years of spending money (can be placed in short-term bond funds, money market funds, and CODs) so you reduce the risk you’ll need to sell stocks during a bear market.
Living off bond income does not counteract inflation, you need to hold stocks or buy perpetuities. Delay getting your Social Security benefits.
Taxes
While mortgage interest helps to reduce taxes, the money to pay the mortgage needs to come from somewhere. If it comes from selling investments, it can create additional taxable income.
Tax deduction for retirement account contributions is enormously valuable. The initial tax deduction often pays for the eventual tax bill when you withdraw the money.
To defer taxes for as long as possible, hold stocks (diversified, tax-efficient, low-cost funds) in your taxable account and bonds in your retirement account. This will defer the tax bill on the bond interest, and tax-efficient stock funds will keep the tax bill modest. People may think that bonds should be in a taxable account because it is less volatile and it can be sold if money is needed in an emergency, however what you can do is to sell the stocks in taxable account, and in the retirement account, move the same amount from bonds to stocks which will not incur taxes.
If you lost your job, just retired, or have very little taxable income, consider deliberately realizing gains to take advantage of being in a lower tax bracket.
Insurance
Forget about extended warranty, trip cancellation insurance, it is not a financial disaster.
Policies with low deductibles is more costlier, and may cause people to mistakenly shorten the protection period. You can likely afford the initial payment if you are working, if not you can create a separate emergency reserve with 3-6 months of living expenses.
Life insurance with cash-value comes with high premiums, and may cause people to mistakenly shorten the protection period, term insurance is better. The money that goes into cash-value insurance also does not get tax-deferred growth, better to put the money in a retirement account.
The best way to cut insurance costs is to amass a decent amount of savings so you need less insurance. When your children grow up, you may not need insurance since you no longer have financial dependents.
Children
It costs more then $200,000 for a middle-income family to raise a child through to his 18th birthday (U.S. Department of Agriculture). College costs are on top of that.
Raise money-smart kids who know how to live within their means. Give them an allowance and force them to live within that budget.
Death
A Will may not apply for most of your assets. Check the rights of survivorship for your home, the beneficiaries of your retirement account and life insurance.
Check whether a living trust (your assets placed in the trust) will have a lower legal bill than going through a Will / court.
A bypass trust will allow your estate to flow into a trust and avoid estate taxes up to $3.5M a spouse.
Draft a letter of instructions on the sort of funeral you want, where key documents are located, who should get your personal effects.
Draw a living will that specifies your wishes concerning life-prolonging medical procedures, health care power of attorney, durable power of attorney for financial decisions, should you become incapacitated.
If you are distributing your assets unevenly, set expectations with your family so that they do not contest and fight over your will.
Life
Focus on the things we can control: looking after our health, keeping spending habits modest, raising money-smart kids, etc.
Don’t feel badly about things we can’t control: employer in financial trouble, parents are poor, etc.
You don’t need large income or portfolio to squeeze a heap of happiness out of what you have.
Strive to ensure money is enhancing your life, rather than getting in the way.
Good Examples
If your goal is to have more time with family, ditch the high-spending lifestyle so you don’t have to worry about getting the next pay raise, and go for the smaller house closer to work so you save commuting time.
If you really want to quit your job and do something more fulfilling, stop shopping as much and start saving like crazy.
If you are fearful that your family cannot cope without you, get a will, buy life insurance, and check the beneficiaries on your retirement accounts.
If you are saving diligently for a 30-year retirement, spend time looking after your health so your body can last as long.
Quotes from Bill Bernstein’s Forward:
“When you invest you are squarely in Pascal’s Wager territory. You could be wrong.”
“Reaching for higher returns has sent many an investor to the poorhouse.”
“Remember, the name of the game isn’t to get rich; it’s to not become poor.”
Quotes from Jonathan Clements:
“Money is a means to an end. It isn’t an end in itself.”
“Let’s stop worrying about the things we can’t control and focus on the things we can.”
“Simpler is usually better, because it will often involve lower costs and less chance for foolishness.”
“Social Security, in its current form, is like owning a big inflation-indexed bond, delivering a stream of income that rises along with inflation.”
“You don’t have to own a big house and you don’t have to pay for the kids’ college, but one day you will have to retire.”
“If you don’t start saving for retirement by your thirties, it can be awfully tough to amass enough by age 65.”
“We often find ourselves running on the hedonic treadmill, desperately pursuing happiness, but never making much progress.”
“Research suggests that commuting is terrible for happiness, often ranking as the worst part of our day.”
“Volunteering isn’t just good for community. It also makes us feel good.”
“Looking for a good way to spend your money and your time? Try spending it with friends and family.”
“Give me a choice between some savvy investors and some diligent savers, and I’d bet on the savers every time.”
“Carrying a credit card balance, and paying the often onerous financing charges, ranks as one of the most foolish financial mistakes.”
“We are better off forgetting the budget and instead simply socking away money as soon as we get our paycheck.”
“The best day to start is today.”
“If we can get through those discouraging initial years and accumulate a modest portfolio, the rewards can be immense.”
“If you’re aiming to amass $1 million by age 65, you would need to sock away a hefty $2,423 a month if you start saving at age 45. But if you begin at age 25, the required monthly sum drops by roughly three quarters, to just $653 (assuming a 5% annual return).”
“Start with this brutal truth: No investment is free of all risk.”
“Unfathomable things happen in the financial markets with surprising frequency.”
“You can’t be sure how the various markets will perform—but you can control how much risk you take.”
“If investments offer high returns, they must involve high risk.”
“Be leery of alternatives, stick with the simplicity of plain-vanilla, low cost mutual funds.”
“Mentally divide your portfolio into growth money and safe money. Expect a rough ride from the former and comfort from the latter.”
“The basic asset-allocation decision—how we divide our money between stocks, bonds, and cash investments, and hard assets—is one of the most crucial financial choices we make.”
“Nobody should be all stocks.”
“You probably shouldn’t invest in the stock market unless you have a minimum of seven or eight years to invest.”
“It’s easy to be big and brave during rip-roaring bull markets. It is a lot harder during those relentless bear market declines.”
“You probably shouldn’t invest a high percentage of your money in stocks until you’ve lived through a 20 percent-plus stock market decline.”
“Why rebalance? It’s about controlling risk.”
“Every year or so, look to rebalance by bringing your stocks, bonds, hard assets, and cash investments back into line with your target percentages.”
“Expect world economies to continue growing? With any luck, stocks will go along for the ride.”
“While tumbling share prices typically cause investors to turn cautious, the rational response is to become more optimistic.”
“Rising interest rates can hurt your bond portfolio’s value in the short term, while simultaneously raising its expected long-run return.”
“Getting it (wealth) is one thing. Keeping it is another.”
“Many people pay precious little attention to investment costs and taxes. This partly reflects investors’ single-minded focus on performance.”
“Picking winners isn’t easy. Most fund managers don’t perform well enough to recoup the fees they charge.”
“Over a five-year stretch, each bond and money fund category’s top performers are almost always the funds with the lowest annual expenses.”
“Aiming for average is the only sure way to win. – If we try to beat the stock market, we also run the risk of lagging behind.”
“The more we spend trying to beat the market, the tougher it is to succeed.”
“Unlike investors who try to beat the market, index fund investors enjoy what’s called relative certainty.”
“Whenever you’re tempted to speculate on individual stocks, think about the folks on the other side of the trade and whether you really know more than they do.”
“A globally diversified portfolio often provides scant comfort during major market meltdowns, when all assets tend to sink simultaneously.”
“Any strategy that involves predicting returns, especially short-term returns, is likely to be a dud.”
“If you lose 50%, to make yourself whole, you need 100%."
“Unless you are in poor health when you retire, you should probably err on the side of caution and plan for a retirement that extends to age 90 and maybe beyond.”
“Forget the traditional approach favored by retirees, which is to buy bonds and live off the income.”
“If you want to lock up additional lifetime income, look into immediate fixed annuities.”
“Investing is simple, and yet it sure isn’t easy.”
“Sensible money management is pretty straightforward: We need to save regularly, control risk, buy a few funds, hold down costs, and keep half an eye on taxes.”
“If an investment is highly popular, there is a good chance it is overpriced.”
“If you agonize over each investment you own, consider mutual funds that provide one-stop investment shopping (target/life -cycle) funds.
“Be sure to buy a house that is the right size for you and your family—and no larger.”
“Sometimes paying down debt is the best investment we can make.”
“Ignore the naysayers and make the most of 401(k) and other retirement accounts.”
“How can you postpone paying taxes? First, you could fund tax-deferred retirement accounts. – Second, you can hold off selling the winning investments you own in your taxable account.”
“You want diversified, tax-efficient, low-cost funds whose fortunes don’t hinge on the success of one or two fund managers. That, of course, is pretty much the definition of an index fund.”
“Forget the extended warranty that the salesperson tries to get you to buy, right after he or she has told you how wonderful the product is.”
“If you don’t have financial dependents, you probably don’t need life insurance.”
“If you never updated the beneficiaries on your life insurance (and IRA), and it still lists your ex-husband, there’s a good chance he’ll get the last laugh.”
“Make sure your financial affairs are well organized and talk to your family about what they can expect from your estate.”
“According the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it cost more than $200,000 for a middle-income family to raise a child through to his eighteenth birthday. Parents then have college costs on top of that.”
“The richest family in the neighborhood may live in the smallest house with the oldest cars.”
“Neither spendthrifts nor misers deserve our admiration.”
“Look after your health, so you last almost as long as your savings.”
“If we’re thoughtful about how we manage our money, we could grow wealthy over time—and maybe more important, we’ll have some financial peace of mind along the way.”