Frances Wilson’s Burning Man opens not with the sickly miner’s son of Nottinghamshire lore, but with Lawrence already in mid-flight, ablaze: The Rainbow just banned, reputation in tatters, marriage to Frieda both salvation and running sore, war closing in. It’s a bold decision – to start halfway through a life, in 1915 – but it suits a subject who always felt himself to be living at a breaking point. From there Wilson follows him across his “savage pilgrimage” through Italy, Cornwall, the U.S., Australia, Mexico and France, tracking not the usual cradle-to-grave arc but fifteen years of near-continuous crisis, creation and flight.
Having come up, while at the height of his powers in 1915, against the prohibition of The Rainbow and the deep distrust of his German wife Frieda (niece of the Red Baron) and his own Bohemian censoriousness, D.H. Lawrence embarked upon a form of literary wanderlust that would cover his last decade and a half of life and lead him to Italy, Australia, the United States, Mexico and France. Frances Wilson here writes an electrifying biography that starts halfway along, with only a few choice references to the writer's youth, focusing instead on the thin-skinned and complicated visionary who found himself right where he had planted himself, outside the society of the time, and aiming to find a place in the world where he could tend to his weak lungs and continue his work. Wilson is less interested in the boy who became the writer than in the writer who refused to become anything else. The childhood scenes are dealt with briskly; what fascinates her is the man who, in his thirties, realises that the society he writes for wants him either silenced or sanitised, and decides, more or less, to exile himself instead.
Prolific to the last, Lawrence was a mercurial writer, apt to try and bottle the energy that had sprung up within him in mammoth sessions. Wilson, sceptical of many of the man's ideas and in awe of his extraordinary level of production, finds just the right tone to express this complicated individual, at once ridiculous and unavoidable, profound and petty. Lawrence is evoked in all his forms, "burning" - as she suggests in her title - his creative oil in all manner of different pursuits. There was little he seemed unable to do within his chosen areas, his descriptive and emotional repetitions as he seeded and reseeded the fertile earth he had lain on the page, finally blossoming into creations that were unafraid to bore and reiterate just so as to go in search of those rare moments of indelible, coruscating truth. And he certainly found enough of them to continue to matter.
One of the book’s deeper pleasures is how vividly she renders that decision as both principled and absurd. Lawrence, in her telling, is at once ridiculous and unavoidable: a man who can behave appallingly at breakfast and then produce, by lunchtime, a piece of spinetingling prose that touches something raw and true in everyone. She’s sceptical of a good many of his ideas – the blood-mysticism, the contempt for “mental” women, the political flirtations that look at best naïve and at worst dangerous – but she never writes him off as a crank. Instead she treats him as a kind of volatile experimental apparatus, perpetually trying to distil a liveable philosophy out of his own contradictions.
The wanderlust that takes up so much of the book isn’t just a series of picturesque backdrops. Each move – to Italy, to Cornwall, to Taos, to the Australian outback, to the mountains of Mexico – is read as an attempt to find an environment that matches, or mollifies, his inner weather. Wilson is very good on the way the outer landscapes feed into the work: how Sicily and the Amalfi coast burn themselves into Sea and Sardinia and Sons and Lovers’ Italianate heat; how the New Mexico high desert shapes the weird, visionary spaces of The Plumed Serpent; how the Mediterranean’s relentless light both energises and exhausts him. She shows a man who can never quite arrive anywhere, as if the act of settling would mean a kind of spiritual death.
Running through all this blazing activity is the quieter, more stubborn thread of Frieda. Wilson refuses to relegate her to the role of mere muse or domestic obstacle. Frieda is niece to the Red Baron, mother of three children left behind to run off with Lawrence, a woman with her own appetites and impatiences. Their marriage is shown as a long, bruising wrestling match between two people who both want absolute freedom and absolute loyalty. Wilson doesn’t tidy this up into a “great love story”; she lets the jealousies, infidelities, screaming rows and brief moments of tenderness stand as they are, which makes the partnership both more painful and more convincing.
Structurally, the biography is clever without being showy. Wilson threads Lawrence’s story through three archetypes – Dante’s journey, the mythic figure of the pilgrim, and, as her title announces, the burning man himself – to suggest that his wanderings are also self-immolations of a sort. She writes with detail: a quarrel in a boarding house will chime, a chapter later, with a passage in Women in Love; an image from a letter is allowed to reverberate in the description of a landscape. The result is a book that sometimes feels as restlessly associative as its subject.
Wilson makes Lawrence’s frantic productivity central to her portrait. Time and again we see him writing as if chased – by illness, by poverty, by censors, by his own conviction that he will not live long. She’s excellent on the repetitive nature of his work, too: those descriptive and emotional riffs he keeps returning to, the way he seeds and reseeds the same patches of psychic ground until something finally flowers. Rather than apologising for the reiteration, she treats it as method: an artist unafraid to bore, to circle, to overstate, because somewhere in that obsessive worrying he will hit a nerve that no one else has exposed.
Importantly, Wilson doesn’t mistake that persistence for infallibility. She is briskly clear about Lawrence’s failures – the unreadable stretches, the bullying tone, the blind spots around race and gender that make parts of the oeuvre hard to stomach now. She can be properly sharp about the pomposities of his late “leadership” fantasies, those dreams of founding a new community of the elect amid some suitably primitive landscape. Yet she always brings the critique back to something human: a sick, frightened, fiercely proud man trying to carve out a space of meaning in a world he feels has been hollowed by war and industrial civilisation.
Where some big biographies flatten their subjects into a single, coherent “story,” Burning Man leans into the ragged edges. Lawrence here is never less than multiple: the miner’s son with a chip on his shoulder, the mystic of the body, the tender observer of children and animals, the graceless house-guest, the friend who can wound unforgivably and then write a letter of such mortified honesty that you understand why people kept forgiving him. Wilson’s tone – half appalled, half exhilarated – matches that multiplicity. She writes not as a prosecutor, nor as a disciple, but as someone who has lived long enough with Lawrence’s books to accept that they can be both sustaining and infuriating at once.
Thus this “chastened” feeling we have when he hauls us back into the flow of a novel. Wilson allows us to feel our own fluctuation as readers – boredom, exasperation, sudden awe – and shows that those reactions are built into the way Lawrence works. He goes on and on so that, just often enough, he can arrive at a moment of coruscating truth: a quarrel that exposes the fault-line in a marriage, a landscape that suddenly seems to stand for a whole way of being, a character’s burst of cruelty or tenderness that feels shockingly unmediated.
By the time the book reaches Lawrence’s early death in Venice in 1930, what lingers isn’t simply the tragedy of a life cruelly cut short, or the familiar legend of the persecuted genius. It’s the image of a man who insisted, right to the end, on living at full temperature – burning through places, people and ideas at a rate that left scorched earth behind, but also a body of work that still smoulders in the culture. For anyone who has been moved by The Rainbow or Women in Love and puzzled by the man who wrote them, Wilson’s book is an essential, bracing companion: a biography that doesn’t tidy Lawrence up, but does make his restless, exhausting, necessary presence in literature feel newly alive.