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Welsh - Plural: Essays on the Future of Wales
What does it mean to imagine Wales and 'The Welsh' as something both distinct and inclusive? In Welsh (Plural), some of the foremost Welsh writers consider the future of Wales and their place in it.
For many people, Wales brings to mind the same old collection of images – if it’s not rugby, sheep and leeks, it’s the 3 Cs: castles, coal, and choirs. Heritage, mining and the church are indeed integral parts of Welsh culture. But what of the other stories that point us toward a Welsh future? In this anthology of essays, authors offer imaginative, radical perspectives on the future of Wales as they take us beyond the clichés and binaries that so often shape thinking about Wales and Welshness.
Includes essays from Charlotte Williams (A Tolerant Nation?), Joe Dunthorne (Submarine, The Adulterants), Niall Griffiths (Sheepshagger, Broken Ghost), Rabab Ghazoul (Gentle / Radical Turner Prize Nominee), Mike Parker (On the Red Hill), Martin Johnes (Wales Since 1939, Wales: England’s Colony?), Kandace Siobhan Walker (2019 Guardian 4th Estate Prize Winner), Gary Raymond (Golden Orphans, Wales Arts Review, BBC Wales), Darren Chetty (The Good Immigrant), Andy Welch (The Guardian), Marvin Thompson (Winner 2021 UK Poetry Prize), Durre Shahwar (Where I’m Coming From), Hanan Issa (My Body Can House Two Hearts), Dan Evans (Desolation Radio), Shaheen Sutton, Morgan Owen, Iestyn Tyne, Grug Muse and Cerys Hafana.
For many people, Wales brings to mind the same old collection of images – if it’s not rugby, sheep and leeks, it’s the 3 Cs: castles, coal, and choirs. Heritage, mining and the church are indeed integral parts of Welsh culture. But what of the other stories that point us toward a Welsh future? In this anthology of essays, authors offer imaginative, radical perspectives on the future of Wales as they take us beyond the clichés and binaries that so often shape thinking about Wales and Welshness.
Includes essays from Charlotte Williams (A Tolerant Nation?), Joe Dunthorne (Submarine, The Adulterants), Niall Griffiths (Sheepshagger, Broken Ghost), Rabab Ghazoul (Gentle / Radical Turner Prize Nominee), Mike Parker (On the Red Hill), Martin Johnes (Wales Since 1939, Wales: England’s Colony?), Kandace Siobhan Walker (2019 Guardian 4th Estate Prize Winner), Gary Raymond (Golden Orphans, Wales Arts Review, BBC Wales), Darren Chetty (The Good Immigrant), Andy Welch (The Guardian), Marvin Thompson (Winner 2021 UK Poetry Prize), Durre Shahwar (Where I’m Coming From), Hanan Issa (My Body Can House Two Hearts), Dan Evans (Desolation Radio), Shaheen Sutton, Morgan Owen, Iestyn Tyne, Grug Muse and Cerys Hafana.
264 pages, Paperback
First published March 8, 2022
17 people are currently reading
206 people want to read
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Displaying 1 - 22 of 22 reviews
March 29, 2024
I'm not Welsh, though my stepfather was and, according to my Ancestry DNA analysis, I am 5% Welsh, whatever that means. However I am trying to learn Welsh for no other reason than that is fascinatingly different in structure from other European languages I have studied.
I bought this book while on a short holiday in Aberystwyth after reading one of the volumes in Malcolm Pryce's sublime Aberystwyth Noir series.
It appealed in that I no longer know what constitutes being Welsh. To my stepfather it was The Valleys; colliers; chapel; rugby. But, as I have travelled around I have met people who regard themselves as Welsh but have a completely different experience. In Prestatyn (near Rhyl, one of the settings for one of the essays) you don't really hear a 'typical Welsh' accent; more a Scouse-Manc hybrid. I've met Welsh people who live on the border and sound similar to people from Hereford and Worcester.
So, I found this set of essays fascinating and enlightening. And I'm with Niall Griffiths: I'm glad to see Wales waking up to the neoliberal proto-fascist state the Tories are dragging the UK into, and start to rethink the question of independence.
I bought this book while on a short holiday in Aberystwyth after reading one of the volumes in Malcolm Pryce's sublime Aberystwyth Noir series.
It appealed in that I no longer know what constitutes being Welsh. To my stepfather it was The Valleys; colliers; chapel; rugby. But, as I have travelled around I have met people who regard themselves as Welsh but have a completely different experience. In Prestatyn (near Rhyl, one of the settings for one of the essays) you don't really hear a 'typical Welsh' accent; more a Scouse-Manc hybrid. I've met Welsh people who live on the border and sound similar to people from Hereford and Worcester.
So, I found this set of essays fascinating and enlightening. And I'm with Niall Griffiths: I'm glad to see Wales waking up to the neoliberal proto-fascist state the Tories are dragging the UK into, and start to rethink the question of independence.
March 31, 2022
I don't have the words in either the Welsh or English language for what an absolute wonder this book is. So relevant and so necessary today. The wonderfully selected stories from Welsh writers, poets, musicians and scholars alike consecutively made my heart ache and yet made me feel more connected with myself and my home than I ever have. Some resonated with me so personally it was haunting.
I will talk about this book to ANYBODY that wants to listen but especially to those that don't. What the future holds for Cymru is uncertain, but what I do know, and what is conveyed so beautifully in this book, is that despite everything we are still here and Welshness persists.
'We are Welsh: we will it so.'
I will talk about this book to ANYBODY that wants to listen but especially to those that don't. What the future holds for Cymru is uncertain, but what I do know, and what is conveyed so beautifully in this book, is that despite everything we are still here and Welshness persists.
'We are Welsh: we will it so.'
April 28, 2022
I absolutely loved this. I usually devour essay anthologies in one sitting, but I deliberately paced this one over a week so I had time to sit with each piece.
Standouts for me were:
- Whatever Happened to the Black Boy of Killay? by Darren Chetty - a really interesting history of Black presence in Swansea told through the lens of the recently removed sign at the Black Boy pub, and how well-meaning attempts to 'correct' our view of the past might end up erasing it and furthering the narrative that BAME history isn't Welsh history.
- We Bleed Red by Joe Dunthorne - a hilarious and insightful essay about feeling Welsh when your accent doesn't sound it, and when your connection to Wales feels tenuous at best. I related to this one on an almost embarrassing level.
- Knowing Our Place: Cynefin, the Curriculum and Me by Charlotte Davies - a very thoughtful and engaging piece about how we construct ideas of local identity, and how we should be viewing BAME people and history as part of a cohesive whole of Welshness, not an addendum or a diverse offshoot.
- Words That Scatter / How Are We to Heal by Rabab Ghazoul - this one was a heartbreaking but hopeful musing on Wales and Mosul, and on healing from the traumas inflicted both by and upon a nation. It was the perfect note on which to end this anthology.
The sole essay I didn't thoroughly enjoy was 'Reconstructing Welshness - Again', by Dan Evans, which was phenomenally dense and tedious, and also somehow felt like the longest in the book, despite only being 16 pages long. I didn't understand what it was saying; it seemed to waffle on and on about devolution and nationalism without engaging with the potential for nationalism to warp into ethno-nationalism (whilst also expressing that 'in-migration' to certain areas of Wales was destroying the sense of community - yikes!) and I felt somewhat vindicated in my dislike of it when I took a second look at the author and realised he's one of the people behind Desolation Wales, who compared Welsh Labour to the Taliban the same week that the Taliban took control of Afghanistan.
For a useful addition to this essay, I recommend reading Which Way is Welsh? by Dylan Moore,
which can be found here.
Apart from that single bum note, I thoroughly enjoyed this collection and really hope it heralds more books like it.
Standouts for me were:
- Whatever Happened to the Black Boy of Killay? by Darren Chetty - a really interesting history of Black presence in Swansea told through the lens of the recently removed sign at the Black Boy pub, and how well-meaning attempts to 'correct' our view of the past might end up erasing it and furthering the narrative that BAME history isn't Welsh history.
- We Bleed Red by Joe Dunthorne - a hilarious and insightful essay about feeling Welsh when your accent doesn't sound it, and when your connection to Wales feels tenuous at best. I related to this one on an almost embarrassing level.
- Knowing Our Place: Cynefin, the Curriculum and Me by Charlotte Davies - a very thoughtful and engaging piece about how we construct ideas of local identity, and how we should be viewing BAME people and history as part of a cohesive whole of Welshness, not an addendum or a diverse offshoot.
- Words That Scatter / How Are We to Heal by Rabab Ghazoul - this one was a heartbreaking but hopeful musing on Wales and Mosul, and on healing from the traumas inflicted both by and upon a nation. It was the perfect note on which to end this anthology.
The sole essay I didn't thoroughly enjoy was 'Reconstructing Welshness - Again', by Dan Evans, which was phenomenally dense and tedious, and also somehow felt like the longest in the book, despite only being 16 pages long. I didn't understand what it was saying; it seemed to waffle on and on about devolution and nationalism without engaging with the potential for nationalism to warp into ethno-nationalism (whilst also expressing that 'in-migration' to certain areas of Wales was destroying the sense of community - yikes!) and I felt somewhat vindicated in my dislike of it when I took a second look at the author and realised he's one of the people behind Desolation Wales, who compared Welsh Labour to the Taliban the same week that the Taliban took control of Afghanistan.
For a useful addition to this essay, I recommend reading Which Way is Welsh? by Dylan Moore,
which can be found here.
Apart from that single bum note, I thoroughly enjoyed this collection and really hope it heralds more books like it.
November 27, 2022
This is a brilliant and important book. It's telling that this intersectional take on identity is coming from outside academic publishing. It is fascinating, nuanced and so much of the writing is provocative and thoughtful. And some of the essays are just beautiful writing. I've read through this numerous times and keep coming back to it.
February 13, 2024
have I mentioned I’m from wales?
stocking filler from the rents, quite an enjoyable read. little stories/essays about different takes on what it means to be welsh.
sometimes a bit repetitive/ott with the ‘you can be non-white and welsh’ at times (not that I disagree, obviously) but still a lovely read.
stocking filler from the rents, quite an enjoyable read. little stories/essays about different takes on what it means to be welsh.
sometimes a bit repetitive/ott with the ‘you can be non-white and welsh’ at times (not that I disagree, obviously) but still a lovely read.
February 18, 2022
“There is no such thing as a true history,” historian, Martin Johnes, writes here. “It will always be rewritten and reinterpreted.” That is the starting point of this vibrant collection of essays on the future of Wales. A shared but static sense of history can be a comfort to a people. But it can also be cruelly exclusive. For instance, the concept of Wales as a Celtic nation is widely accepted. Yet as Johnes points out, this marginalises the non-Celtic migrants who have settled in the country over centuries. Thus are new interpretations of history always needed. In these essays, the writers were charged with “reimagining the Wales we live and see”. They do so with undeniable success.
The nineteen essays come in a variety of forms. “You will encounter literary storytelling, carefully constructed arguments, personal narratives, poetry, letters, historiography – even a piece of interactive fiction.” All of the essays are accessible and they thrum with ideas.
Identity is a central theme. As a white person, I found much here that made for hard reading. “Many people of colour living in Wales have at one point or another come across someone who has told them the extent to which they are Welsh,” Durre Shahwar writes. Again and again, people of colour in Wales are asked where they are from. The unspoken assumption being that they are obviously not from ‘here’. “Where did I come from if not from the only place I had known?” the young Shaheen Sutton asked herself plaintively, her daily life permeated by xenophobia, racism and racist attitudes. Charlotte Williams writes of the racial inequalities blighting the (very white, very monocultural) education system in Wales. “At school I never saw a book that had any pictures of people like me in it.” This despite the fact that the historical Wales has always been a story of diversity, global connections and inter-relationships. “How many Welsh heroes of colour will be absent from my children’s history lessons?” demands Marvin Thompson in an essay of icy fury that he should live in a nation which celebrates slave traders.
Language is also a much-discussed issue. Andy Welch writes of how it is “faintly surreal, but not unusual, that someone could be born and raised in a country and not speak the language.” Dan Evans describes how communities where over 50% of the population speak Welsh are in precipitous decline. Yet “Despite everything, Welshness persists.” Morgan Owen writes of his non-Welsh-speaking mother’s decision to send her children to a Welsh medium school and buy them Welsh books as a gesture of defiance as much as love. “In such a situation, I myself become the medium that bridges the past and future.” This defiance is present throughout the book. Wales may be a country beset by deep-seated problems, but the writers of these essays have a confidence and a determination to find a way forward.
“Might I suggest that a touch of swaggering romance is just what we need right now,” writes Mike Parker, setting out his vision of Wales as “a deeply ordinary country” where diverse pluralism thrives. Musician, Cerys Hafana, writes of how tradition in Wales can be a stifling force. But she refuses to accept that. “My definition of folk music: music that can, and will, be changed.” Grug Muse sees a future of transformation through decentralisation in Wales and describes a small-scale but heartening revitalisation in Dyffryn Natlle. “A theme is developing.” For years, Joe Dunthorne struggled to define his sense of being Welsh until he gathered with others to watch a rugby game in the London Welsh Centre. “In their imperfect Welshness, I sense that I am among my people. These are the Welsh-ish.” Whereas Hanan Issa has her own vision. “Perhaps Wales and Welshness belongs to all those who care for her and the people who call her home.”
There is no one answer here but there are many green shoots, like the plants which appear in pavement cracks, on crumbling walls and from the chimneys of abandoned buildings. They have a fierce survival spirit and they offer hope for the future. “I don’t make sense in Wales,” Kandace Siobhan Walker writes in her glorious ‘Notes Towards a Personal History of Wales in the Twenty-First Century’. “I don’t make sense, until I do.”
The nineteen essays come in a variety of forms. “You will encounter literary storytelling, carefully constructed arguments, personal narratives, poetry, letters, historiography – even a piece of interactive fiction.” All of the essays are accessible and they thrum with ideas.
Identity is a central theme. As a white person, I found much here that made for hard reading. “Many people of colour living in Wales have at one point or another come across someone who has told them the extent to which they are Welsh,” Durre Shahwar writes. Again and again, people of colour in Wales are asked where they are from. The unspoken assumption being that they are obviously not from ‘here’. “Where did I come from if not from the only place I had known?” the young Shaheen Sutton asked herself plaintively, her daily life permeated by xenophobia, racism and racist attitudes. Charlotte Williams writes of the racial inequalities blighting the (very white, very monocultural) education system in Wales. “At school I never saw a book that had any pictures of people like me in it.” This despite the fact that the historical Wales has always been a story of diversity, global connections and inter-relationships. “How many Welsh heroes of colour will be absent from my children’s history lessons?” demands Marvin Thompson in an essay of icy fury that he should live in a nation which celebrates slave traders.
Language is also a much-discussed issue. Andy Welch writes of how it is “faintly surreal, but not unusual, that someone could be born and raised in a country and not speak the language.” Dan Evans describes how communities where over 50% of the population speak Welsh are in precipitous decline. Yet “Despite everything, Welshness persists.” Morgan Owen writes of his non-Welsh-speaking mother’s decision to send her children to a Welsh medium school and buy them Welsh books as a gesture of defiance as much as love. “In such a situation, I myself become the medium that bridges the past and future.” This defiance is present throughout the book. Wales may be a country beset by deep-seated problems, but the writers of these essays have a confidence and a determination to find a way forward.
“Might I suggest that a touch of swaggering romance is just what we need right now,” writes Mike Parker, setting out his vision of Wales as “a deeply ordinary country” where diverse pluralism thrives. Musician, Cerys Hafana, writes of how tradition in Wales can be a stifling force. But she refuses to accept that. “My definition of folk music: music that can, and will, be changed.” Grug Muse sees a future of transformation through decentralisation in Wales and describes a small-scale but heartening revitalisation in Dyffryn Natlle. “A theme is developing.” For years, Joe Dunthorne struggled to define his sense of being Welsh until he gathered with others to watch a rugby game in the London Welsh Centre. “In their imperfect Welshness, I sense that I am among my people. These are the Welsh-ish.” Whereas Hanan Issa has her own vision. “Perhaps Wales and Welshness belongs to all those who care for her and the people who call her home.”
There is no one answer here but there are many green shoots, like the plants which appear in pavement cracks, on crumbling walls and from the chimneys of abandoned buildings. They have a fierce survival spirit and they offer hope for the future. “I don’t make sense in Wales,” Kandace Siobhan Walker writes in her glorious ‘Notes Towards a Personal History of Wales in the Twenty-First Century’. “I don’t make sense, until I do.”
September 26, 2024
A compelling collection of essays that explores the complex and evolving identity of Wales in the 21st century. With contributions from a diverse range of writers, the book delves into key issues surrounding culture, language, race, and politics, providing a nuanced reflection on the challenges and opportunities facing Wales today.
A standout feature of Welsh (Plural) is its interrogation of Welsh identity from perspectives often marginalised in mainstream discourse. The essays challenge the monolithic view of Wales as a homogeneous nation of Welsh speakers and rural landscapes, instead highlighting the experiences of Welsh people of colour, immigrants, and urban communities. This diversity of voices enriches the narrative and sheds light on the intersections of race, class, and language within the Welsh context.
The collection is both critical and hopeful, balancing a deep engagement with historical injustices and present-day inequalities with a vision for a more inclusive and forward-looking Wales. Essays on the Welsh language's revival sit alongside reflections on how Welshness is shaped by global movements, whether it’s through migration or political shifts. Each writer brings a unique perspective, yet the essays are tied together by a shared sense of urgency about Wales' future and the desire to expand the boundaries of what it means to be Welsh.
The book's strength lies in its ability to hold difficult conversations about race and nationalism without losing sight of a collective hope for change. It encourages readers to imagine a Wales that is both proud of its heritage and open to new, pluralistic definitions of Welshness.
A standout feature of Welsh (Plural) is its interrogation of Welsh identity from perspectives often marginalised in mainstream discourse. The essays challenge the monolithic view of Wales as a homogeneous nation of Welsh speakers and rural landscapes, instead highlighting the experiences of Welsh people of colour, immigrants, and urban communities. This diversity of voices enriches the narrative and sheds light on the intersections of race, class, and language within the Welsh context.
The collection is both critical and hopeful, balancing a deep engagement with historical injustices and present-day inequalities with a vision for a more inclusive and forward-looking Wales. Essays on the Welsh language's revival sit alongside reflections on how Welshness is shaped by global movements, whether it’s through migration or political shifts. Each writer brings a unique perspective, yet the essays are tied together by a shared sense of urgency about Wales' future and the desire to expand the boundaries of what it means to be Welsh.
The book's strength lies in its ability to hold difficult conversations about race and nationalism without losing sight of a collective hope for change. It encourages readers to imagine a Wales that is both proud of its heritage and open to new, pluralistic definitions of Welshness.
October 29, 2022
There are some very good and thought provoking essays in this collection, exploring ideas of Welshness and looking at what a future Welsh nation might look like.
There was a great deal of diversity within the essays and authors - looking at Welshness through the eyes of different ethnicities and backgrounds. Some people were born and bred in Wales, some were born here and moved away or returning after time elsewhere, others chose to move to Wales to make their home. This diversity is at the heart of the issue of Welshness - trying to build an independent nation from so many different and equally valid strands.
A number of essays mentioned in passing the divisivness of the language - areas being seen as less Welsh if they are English speaking, or Welsh speakers being isolated in areas where incomers all speak English. However, no-one really followed this up, as though afraid to really tackle the subject, and that felt like a weakness in this collection.
And for all the diversity in these essays where were the voices of working class, English speaking South Wales? As a nation we voted for Brexit, but you would struggle to realise that from this collection of essays.
I really enjoyed most of these essays, but they were a little too curated for me and neglected some of the less comfortable aspects of what it is to be Welsh.
There was a great deal of diversity within the essays and authors - looking at Welshness through the eyes of different ethnicities and backgrounds. Some people were born and bred in Wales, some were born here and moved away or returning after time elsewhere, others chose to move to Wales to make their home. This diversity is at the heart of the issue of Welshness - trying to build an independent nation from so many different and equally valid strands.
A number of essays mentioned in passing the divisivness of the language - areas being seen as less Welsh if they are English speaking, or Welsh speakers being isolated in areas where incomers all speak English. However, no-one really followed this up, as though afraid to really tackle the subject, and that felt like a weakness in this collection.
And for all the diversity in these essays where were the voices of working class, English speaking South Wales? As a nation we voted for Brexit, but you would struggle to realise that from this collection of essays.
I really enjoyed most of these essays, but they were a little too curated for me and neglected some of the less comfortable aspects of what it is to be Welsh.
August 7, 2023
I read this book while traveling through North Wales for work, and it was eye-opening to explore the ways in which Welsh identity has been so fractured through time. Essays approached the ways in which the very idea of Welsh identity is linked (or not) to language, to whiteness, to religion; different essayists explored untranslatable concepts like hiraeth and cynefin. Of course, in an anthology, there will always be essays that resonate more than others; I particularly loved Hanan Issa's "Have You Heard the One About the Niquabi on a Bus?" and Morgan Owen's "Ghost or Reflection? Merthyr, the Welsh Language and Identity."
June 12, 2022
A very evocative and thought provoking collection of ideas, essays and musings on Wales, what it means to be Welsh and the relationship people have with Wales and it's identities and language. I especially enjoyed those chapters which looked towards a more progressive Wales and the potential that could be done with its devolution. Whilst reading it I also celebrated the diversity of its contributors hopefully depicting a more accurate depiction of who see Welsh as part of their identity than the stereotypes often shown in cultural representations of Wales.
December 28, 2022
The title interested me to begin with and I liked the idea of short essays. The book was not what I was expecting but nonetheless interesting. Some of the essays I did not like, especially when they appeared to be random thoughts put together and there were a few of these. However having Sid that I appreciate the reason for this and appreciate others would like it. What did happen however was it gave me food for though ion some aspects I had not seriously considered before not least of which is around race and Welshness.
October 19, 2023
Engaging collection of essays on the politics, culture, history and issues of Wales. As is the nature of these things, I found some essays more compelling than others, but I enjoyed the spirit of inquiry and interrogation with which each author approached the question of the future of Wales.
Despite having lived in Wales and also having been in a relationship with a Welsh woman for more than half of my life, there was stuff in here I didn't know, and angles of interpretation that I hadn't considered, which made it an interesting read for me. Highly recommended.
Despite having lived in Wales and also having been in a relationship with a Welsh woman for more than half of my life, there was stuff in here I didn't know, and angles of interpretation that I hadn't considered, which made it an interesting read for me. Highly recommended.
November 15, 2022
I saw this book advertised as "critically acclaimed and best selling." Provably, neither of these descriptions are remotely accurate, and that raised my suspicions. I read the essays and felt a mixture of boredom and disdain. Coming from a Cymru-Irish heritage, and having being raised in Ireland, I found this to be a juvenile and navel gazing collection for the most part. Just who was this book intended for? I found it a tiring, baffling experience tbqh.
June 23, 2023
Really thought-provoking. I feel so inspired to delve more into Welsh history and literature. Makes my heart feel fuller
Also, going to swap this for another Welsh non-fiction book with someone at work :)
“Human as a category antithetical to Blackness. More than being on the outside - there is no door. To thrive under capitalism, in the city that capital built, is to suffer integration with a system building itself on my bones before I am dead.”
Also, going to swap this for another Welsh non-fiction book with someone at work :)
“Human as a category antithetical to Blackness. More than being on the outside - there is no door. To thrive under capitalism, in the city that capital built, is to suffer integration with a system building itself on my bones before I am dead.”
May 1, 2022
My favourite book of 2022 so far. Every single essay suffuses a renewed vitality within the idea of Welshness and a unique prism through which to critique, wrestle and interrogate it. The essays were poignant, analytical, interesting and interested in their subject matter. An absolute must for anybody interested in Welsh identities and thoughts on their futures.
February 18, 2023
As you'd expect from a collection like this, a mixed bag, but some really stimulating contributions on the subject of what it means to be Welsh in the 2020s. I have to mention the wonderful Cerys Hafana as a standout.
April 26, 2022
Meh. Who is this book for? Wasn't for me but some might enjoy it.
October 28, 2022
Welsh 'writers' begging for English attention and approval is not a good look.
December 8, 2022
I tried to read at least part of every essay but it was a real slog. Very much what you'd expect in all the wrong ways, this book exists in a a parallel universe for the most part. No good.
November 11, 2024
Great reading for anyone interested in Welsh past, present or future. A few essays went slightly over my head but that’s on me for not having more knowledge about the political landscape
March 22, 2025
Interesting and diverse views on the future of Wales and their identities within it - recommend to welsh and non welsh readers
September 30, 2025
Really enjoyed this! A collection of essays from Welsh writers about their ideas on the future of Wales. Sometimes made my brain feel like mush as it’s very intellectual. But I loved it
Displaying 1 - 22 of 22 reviews