Black Metamorphosis: New Natives in a New World is an unpublished manuscript written by Sylvia Wynter. The work is a seminal piece in Black Studies and uses diverse fields to explain Black experiences and presence in the Americas.
The manuscript is nine-hundred and thirty-five pages with chapters of varying lengths. Throughout the seventies and early eighties, Wynter worked with the Center for Afro-American Studies (CAAS) at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to complete the project which was to be published by the Institute of the Black World (IBW). The manuscript presents early iterations of Wynter's Theory of the Human and explores how Black experiences are essential to understanding the history of the New World.
Sylvia Wynter, OJ (born 11 May 1928), is a Jamaican novelist, dramatist critic and essayist.
Sylvia Wynter’s scholarly work is highly poetic, expository and complex. Her work attempts to elucidate the development and maintenance of modernity and the modern man. She interweaves science, astrology and critical race theory to explain how the European man comes to be the epitome of humanity, “Man 2” or “the figure of man.” In “Unsettling the Coloniality of Being/Power/Truth/Freedom: Towards the Human, After Man, Its Overrepresentation—An Argument,” Wynter explains that the West uses race to attempt to answer the question of who and what we are—particularly after the enlightenment period that unveils religion as incapable of answering that question.
It is difficult--likely impossible--to do justice to this masterful, 900-page work in a short review.
Black Metamorphosis should be celebrated both for its refreshingly massive scope (Wynter refuses to narrow her focus to one focus or to disciplinary boundaries as is so common with academic works written today) and for its success in what it achieves given this massive scope. Thankfully (for all of us who want to change the world), Wynter is not interested in tinkering with the machine, nor is she interested in theory for theory's sake. Her critiques of what she terms Orthodox Marxism (which could also be thought of as Eurocentric Marxism) are not only compelling--they provide an urgently necessary revision and expansion of Marxism's core revolutionary framework. Her problematizing of the emphasis on the sphere of production (often the European factory) to the neglect of the plantation (and other spheres of accumulation, primarily in the colonized world which in fact make the factory possible) is a crucial attack on the methodological nationalism of many white/European Marxists. Her call to engage with the ways racism structures class exploitation in the US, and the symbolic codes of whiteness which structure labor markets, socialization, reproduction of relations of production, etc. is critical for anyone looking to fight racial capitalism today. Likewise, her theorization of the revolutionary role of what she terms the Black cultural underlife is thoughtful, grounded in praxis, and still relevant many decades later. All of this is not even touching many other groundbreaking areas in this text--her critique of abstract knowledge and analysis of the embodied knowledge which comes from music, dance, and ritual, her dismantling of Western ideas about nature, her thoughtful analysis of Black cultural production in the US (as well as elsewhere) and its revolutionary role going back to colonization/Middle Passage, her searing analyses of white/middle-class/bourgeois culture, her theoretical contributions via literary analysis of important novels . . . there is truly too much to sum up here.
I will be thinking about this book for a long, long time--both because it is brilliant, and because the ideas in it are needed for the process of building a fundamentally different world. I am so grateful to Wynter for gifting us this groundbreaking text.