A collection of cliches and banalities with few interesting insights, where everything is treated in a superficial manner.
Before discussing all the issues it should be noted that most of the book is not in topic with the title. Judging from title and subtitle one could expect a discussion about the basic neural mechanisms that underlie the higher level thinking. Instead more than half of the book is about popular psychology.
The major weakness is that the few positive aspects are details, bright spots scattered here and there, while the negative aspects are affected by questionable points of view that often encompass large parts. Overall the result is poor.
An ubiquitous negative point is the assertion that people make up their memories. Not because it might be false or true, but because it is overblown. It is a recurring theme that appears every now and then, throughout the entire book, thus it gives the impression that it is a frequent event, in some cases the writer describes the process as if it were a regular, almost inevitable, occurrence. If any reader really took seriously what the book says it might end up undermining their trust in their own experience.
Along the same lines there is the excessive attention and importance they give to the confirmation bias while there are many other biases that would be useful to understand, way more than this one.
Another thing to notice, in the chapter about memories, is the way they discuss from every possible angle the story that without memories people are unable to plan ahead, but end up missing the obvious. Instead of talking in circles they could have cut short by noting that people do not plan inventing from scratch the future steps to follow, they rely on their past experience. Hints to that simple explanation can be found in other chapters in unrelated topics.
Next point is the chapter about intelligence. Almost the entire chapter is affected by a questionable point of view. It reckons that intelligence is something very difficult to define. Science is still unable to clearly understand not only what intelligence is, but it is also unable to define many of the underlying factors. This is something the writers gloss over, apart from the initial acknowledgement. They also underestimate how different intelligence can be from person to person, the incredible variety of attitudes you can find among humans might explain how each of us, seeing things in a different way, can rightly judge one aspect of a problem and fail to see things that for others are obvious. That brings to the more difficult aspect to define, someone's reasoning maybe more or less effective depending on the circumstances and the context they find themselves in.
The oversimplified view they have of intelligence leads the author to claim that there are people more intelligent than others. Adding to that they overestimate the role of genetics against education. The irony is that in the same chapter they explain the flaws of the IQ tests and they know how much the scores they give are affected by the quality of the schooling and they do not even take into account the variability of context and circumstances mentioned above. They mention the EQ tests as a solution, but they overlook that EQ tests are very subjective. They fail to admit that we do not understand intelligence enough to reliably measure it, let alone say that a person is more intelligent than another or that intelligence comes from nature or nurture.
On the positive side there might be the chapter about the self, but the quality quickly drops in the last part when it comes to free will. Here it brings back the old philosophical argument about the full predictability of a mechanical universe, an argument that was refuted a long time ago when scientist began to reason about complexity and define it in mathematical terms. Talking about free will they lost chance to talk about the many ways in which people could be manipulated. We are in an age where the pervasive technologies rendered people more vulnerable, both as individuals and as part of the masses. There is a lot of room for a deep scientific and philosophical discussion, but it is overlooked for pseudo scientific arguments.
The chapter about creativity begins with a self congratulatory story about the superiority of human creativity over the other animals. After that it rehashes a lot of old cliches, it even takes for granted some of the old ones that have never been proven, but are often repeated. It was meant to be a core part of the book, but the result is weak.
In the chapters about Decision Making, the Social Brain and Moral Dilemmas there is a big void. Although they often refer to our instinctive reactions and emotions, the teachings of the ethologists are missing, leaving out important aspects of the problems at hand. The same void is clearly felt also at the end of the chapter about dreams, where the views of atheists and religious people are compared with the usual superficiality.
In the end the book might leave the reader a bit disaapointed, after all the claims that they will find in the book new ways to improve their lateral thinking and decision making it does not offer much more than few dinner party puzzles and trite remarks.