Takeaways from reading the book:
What is joy?
Page 94: We feel joy when we feel pleasant as well as full of energy. Joy is caused by a sense of getting what one wants.
What happens when we feel positive emotions such as joy?
- Page 28: The brain excretes serotonin, dopamine and other "feel good" neurochemicals.
- Page 29: Excitement helps us develop ideas.
- Page 31: We base decisions on gut instinct.
What is anger?
- Page 28: Anger helps us to act and fix what made us angry.
- Page 32: When people feel anger, they tend to believe that people are at fault and things go wrong.
- Page 36: When we express anger, we instill fear in others.
- Pages 115 and 130: Anger is usually a response to inequality, injustice and unfair treatment.
What are examples of other negative emotions?
- Page 28: When people feel pessimism, it helps them anticipate things that could go wrong and take actions to prevent them.
- Page 32: When people feel sad, they are more likely to blame external circumstances.
- Page 115: When a person feels disappointment, it is because an expectation has not been met.
- Page 93: Shame is a judgment from the outside - from our perception that other people believe we broke a moral or ethical rule or some shared convention. We believe we are diminished in their eyes.
- Page 93: Guilt is a judgment we make of ourselves when we feel remorse or responsibility for something we did, usually something that feels wrong.
- Page 93: Embarrassment is when we have been caught violating some social norm such as how to dress for an occasion, which fork to use or how to behave in a certain situation.
- Pages 94 and 115: Jealousy is fear of losing someone important to you - especially to someone else.
- Pages 94 and 115: We feel envy when we want something that someone else has.
What happens when we feel negative emotions?
- Page 29: Negative emotions focus our attention.
- Page 12: Negative emotions connect us with our weaknesses. We do not not want to talk our weaknesses because we want to protect ourselves.
- Page 27: When we feel negative emotions, our brains secrete cortisol, the stress hormone. This inhibits the prefrontal cortex from effectively processing information and thereby reduces our ability to learn.
- Page 35: When people feel negative emotions, they cry for help.
- Page 40: When people feel negative emotions, they do unhealthy things, for example eat too much and exercise too little.
What happens when we do not give ourselves permission to feel emotions?
- Page 2: We are unable to name the emotion we feel.
- Page 2: We are unable to understand why we feel that emotion.
- Page 2: We are unable to explain to others what emotion we feel and why.
- Page 13: When we ignore or suppress emotions we feel, they become stronger.
- Page 130: Suppressing feelings leads to burnout, lower job satisfaction as well as increased anxiety and depression.
What can we do to recognize emotions people feel?
- Pages 18 and 54: Observe facial expressions such as how the mouth looks.
- Pages 18 and 54: Observe body language - including how people move their arms, legs, heads and other parts of the body.
- Pages 18 and 54: Listen to tones in people's voices. Is the tone of voice a) loud or silent? b) high or low?, c) monotonous or varied?
- Pages 18 and 54: Listen to words people say.
- Page 54: Notice a person's energy level - including pulse / heart beat.
- Page 58: Observe colour of skin, for example face colour.
- Page 76: Observe the body posture. Is it erect or bent?
- Page 76: Observe expressions in the eyes. Are eyes sparkling or cheerless?
What can we do to get better at naming emotions we feel?
- Pages 11, 18 and 55: Ask "What are the names of emotions you feel right now?"
- Page 34: Show a person a photo of a person. Then ask: What is the most important emotion you feel when you look at this person? Then ask, "how does this emotion influence the way you act towards this person?"
What happens when we name emotions we feel?
- Page 106: When we name emotions we feel, we can compare emotions with other emotions we feel or compare them with emotions other people feel.
- Page 107: When we name emotions we feel, we help other people to understand needs we have.
- Page 107: Naming emotions we feel helps us connect with other people.
What can we to to understand why we feel certain emotions?
Page 18: Ask people "Why do you feel.....?"
What can you do to express emotions?
Pages 11 and 18: Ask "What makes it difficult for you to talk about emotions you feel?"
What happens when we express emotions we feel?
- Page 136: When we express emotions, we reduce stress and lower blood pressure.
- Page 41: Crying carries stress hormones out of our bodies.
- Page 41: Expressing gratitude increase oxygen levels in your tissues, speed healing and boost your immune system.
- Page 41: Laughing increases the flow of beta-endorphins, which enhance our mood, and stimulates growth hormones, which repair our cells. Laughing lowers the levels of cortisol as well as adrenaline and reduces the risk of heart attack.
What can you do to regulate emotions?
- Page 180: When we work, we have a tight lash on our emotions, as we pretend to be the person, who is always calm, competent and in control. When the day is done, there is an automatic release. To remain cool when we stop working and spend time with people, we live with, we need a reminder to regulate our emotions. It could, for example, be the door handle that you use to open the door.
- Page 158: Pause. Pausing helps us refrain from making a decision based on a temporary emotion. It helps us create a space before we respond.
- Pages 146-147: Breathe. Breathing helps us slow down the heart rate, calm the mind and be fully present. Breathing through the nose is slower than breathing through the mouth and thereby slows breathing down.
- Pages 158 and 178: Think about what your best self would do right now.
- Page 150: Doing something you enjoy is an effective strategy for regulating negative emotions.
- Page 181: Ask yourself how you want to feel and what you can do to feel those emotions as often as possible.
- Page 149: Avoid people. Avoiding one or more people can help avoid feeling different emotions.
- Page 157: Reframing / thinking differently about something can help regulate your emotions. Example: When you feel sadness, try to think also about positive consequences of sadness instead of only about negative consequences.
- Page 160: Eating healthily can help us regulate emotions.
- Page 161: Sleeping can help us regulate emotions.
- Page 161: Getting exercise can help us regulate emotions.
- Page 150: Shifting attention to something else can help regulate emotions. The problem: Shifting attention / seeking distractions is a form of denial and a way of procrastinating. The problem will grow bigger.
Other research from the book:
- Page 158: Early in life, many people are exposed to negative strategies that keep us away from reaching our goals. Examples: Negative talk. Screaming. Blaming.
- Page 168: We are not born with emotion knowledge. We mostly respond to stimuli. Examples: We are hungry. We are cold.
- Page 169: In 1915, the President of the American Psychological Association, John B. Watson, warned that too much love and comforting was dangerous for children, and that their lives would be spoiled by cuddling. Today, nothing could sound more misguided or damaging.
- Page 174: How did your parents help you deal with emotions you felt, for example emotions such as anger, fear or sadness. Possibility A: Did your parents help you express emotions you felt and help you find out why you were feeling these emotions? Possibility B: Or did your parents judge you, blame you and/or find fault when you expressed emotions you felt? Did your parents want you to suppress emotions you felt?
- Page 188: Children do not have the inner strength and knowledge about people and their motivations to say, for example, "Why do you need to belittle me?" or "I reject your judgment of me." They need our unconditional adult support.
- Page 194: The 3 most important aspects of learning - attention, focus and memory - are all controlled by our emotions, not by cognition.