Mostly centered in Barcelona, and extensively covering the topic of revolution in the story.
The novel highlights the ongoing struggle of Catalonian independence from Madrid. Jack Ryan was inspired to visit there from his college reading of George Orwell's Homage to Catalonia.
Barcelona is a highly charged, controversial area and provides Spain with a majority of its wealth and tax income. In 2017, Catalonia issued an independence referendum which passed by an overwhelming 90% despite Madrid's attempts to disrupt it. Madrid declared the whole thing illegal. The EU sided with Madrid.
(I really got into the background of this. So, the extensive notes begin here with a an outline of the history of revolution in and around Barcelona)
Spanish nationalist parties in Madrid wanted both order and central government, and saw Catalonian nationalism as a threat to the Spanish state. If Catalonia seceded, other regions in Spain might follow.
Europe and the rest of the world were struggling with the centralism-nationalism debate. The benefits of national and regional integration were obvious-especially for the political elites and transnational corporations but always at the cost of local identity and autonomy.
The subtext to all of this was the tendency of politicians on both sides of the Catalonian argument to exploit the passions of their people in exchange for their own political power. Separatist politicians weren't willing to accept Madrid's previous offers of even broader rights of Catalonian autonomy, even as Spanish nationalists stoked the fears of their followers in Madrid and elsewhere.
Politicians' tendency to serve themselves at the expense of their communities wasn't unique to Spain. The United States suffered too many such fools, playing to identity politics at the expense of the national interest.
Historical Background: In the 1930's, under the Spanish Republic, Catalonia was granted increasing autonomy, but the Spanish Civil war ended that dream. Catalonia had been the heart of the resistance to Franco's final overthrow of the Republican government in 1939. The Franco regime suppressed the language and culture for decades. The Catalonian language, Català, is a mix of Spanish, Italian and French and was outlawed by the facist dictator Franco, ruler of Spain from 1939 to 1975, under the assumed title of Caudillo.
Franco began his military career as a general who led the Nationalist forces over the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War.
Franco served in 1907 for the Kingdom of Spain until 1931, the Spanish Republic until 1936 and then the Spanish State until 1975. As a conservative, he resented the abolition of the Second Republic in 1931 but continued to serve in the Republican Army. He joined the July 1936 military coup which failed to take Spain and sparked the Spanish Civil War. In post civil war Spain, Franco ruled with more power than any Spanish leader before or since, and developed a cult of personality around his rule by founding Movimiento Nacional. During WWII he maintained Spanish neutrality but supported the Axis, whose members Italy and Germany had supported him during the civil war, damaging Spain's international reputation.
During the start of the Cold War, Franco lifted Spain out of its mid-20th century economic depression through technocratic and economically liberal policies, presiding over a period of rampant growth known as the "Spanish miracle". At the same time, his regime transitioned from being totalitarian to authoritarian with limited pluralism and became a leader in the anti-Communist movement, garnering support from the West, particularly the United States.
The dictatorship softened and Luis Carrero Blanco became Franco's éminence grise. Carrero Blanco's role expanded after Franco started struggling with Parkinson's disease in the 1960s. In 1973 Franco resigned as prime minister - separated from the head of state office since 1967 - due to advanced age and illness, but remained in power as the latter and commander-in-chief. Franco died in 1975, aged 82, and was entombed in the Valle de los Caídos. He restored the monarchy in his final years, being succeeded by Juan Carlos as King of Spain, who, in turn, led the Spanish transition to democracy.
The legacy of Franco in Spanish history remains controversial as the nature of his dictatorship changed over time. His reign was marked by both brutal repression, with thousands killed, and economic prosperity, which greatly improved the quality of life in Spain.
His dictatorial style proved highly adaptable, which enabled wide-sweeping social and economic reform, while consistent pursuits during his reign centered on highly centralized government, authoritarianism, nationalism, national Catholicism, anti freemasonry and anti-Communism.
Since Franco's death, Catalonian rights had been largely restored, and Català was now the primary language taught in its schools. Despite these reforms, Catalonian nationalists pressed for complete independence from Spain and the creation of an independent Catalonian state. Other regions in Spain, particularly the Basque, had expressed similar desires decades before and resorted to a bombing campaign that was ultimately subdued by Madrid.
Other Areas or stages include the South Pacific, particularly the area around Vladivostok, the largest city and administrative center of Primorsky, Russia. Located around the Golden Horn Bay on the Sea of Japan, it is the second largest city in the Far Eastern Federal District, as well as the Russian Far East, after Khabarovck, and is the largest Russian port on the Pacific Ocean. It is also the terminus of the Trans-Siberian RR. HQ of the Russian Federation Navy's Pacific fleet.
Russia operates a class of subs known as Kilo class. Prior to that, they had a nuclear sub class, Oscar, and in it, a sub called Krasnodar. Venezuela and the Philippines have interest in purchasing some of these hi tech subs. Venezuela using them to protect an alleged coup attempt backed by the US.
Memorable line : How's the weather?
Swampy with yellow rain in the forecast and a shitstorm on the horizon.
The book, Battle for Spain had a memorable line - the Spanish civil war was the only war in which the losers got to write the history. (Antony Beevor)
The Spanish Civil War was the only war in which the losers got to write the history, and he's right.
In the West, we saw that war as purely good versus evil— freedom-loving Republicans fighting a hopeless war against Franco's unbeatable Fascists. A real David versus Goliath story. If Americans know anything about that war it's based on the book or the movie For Whom the Bell Tolls by Hemingway. Sens dubte" terribly romantic and tragic, which is very Spanish.
It wasn't an accident Gary Cooper got cast for that film. He's an actor who played a lot of American cowboys. The whole movie plays like a western. Americans love underdogs. The Republicans play the role of the helpless peasants fighting shoulder to shoulder with the International Brigades for democracy. They're up against Franco's Fascist war machine backed by Hitler's Condor Legion and Mussolini's Blackshirts.
Which was true, but not the whole truth. The Republicans fought the Fascists, yes, but they were also murdering each other. The Spanish Stalinists were the worst. Their goal was to advance the interests of the Soviet Union, not Spain, and they imprisoned and killed the Spanish communists and anarchists who actually wanted a real socialist revolution here.
Crimes were committed by both sides, though far worse by the Fascists."
But that's only the tip of the iceberg. It's the contradictions of that war that tell me the most about it.
Franco claimed to be fighting for Catholicism but his crack troops were Riffian Muslims. He also claimed to be fighting for Spanish nationalism but his military campaign relied heavily on German and Italian troops and arms to win.
At the same time, the Republican loyalists claimed to be fighting for freedom and democracy against Fascism while they were murdering priests and nuns, burning churches, and slaughtering their political opponents. Worse, all of their material support came from Stalin, the most murderous tyrant in modern European history.
It was a very difficult and confusing time for families. In some, one side fought for the Republic, and the other side fought for Franco.
"I even had a grandfather who fought with the División Azul in Leningrad for Hitler but he was no Nazi and no Fascist. He was just a poor man who couldn't find any other way to feed his empty stomach. He used to joke how expensive the terrible German rations were."
"The Germans made him pay for his rations?"
"No, the Russians did. He lost his left eye to shrapnel, and three fingers of his right hand to frostbite." She laughed. "That never stopped him from sleeping with many beautiful women."
"The bottom line for me is that it seems like a lot of what's going on in Barcelona right now is still connected to the civil war."
Brossa nodded. "Yes, it is. The independence issue was important for us before la guerra and it was never fully resolved, and really, neither was the war itself. Do you know that there are still two hundred thousand Spaniards lying in unmarked graves from the civil war? Can you imagine such a thing in civilized Europe?"
Jack's mind drifted back again to the slaughter of the Yugoslavian civil wars-and every other holocaust that had swept the continent since the Thirty Years' War. "Civilized Europe has been a slaughterhouse since before they invented the word Europe. The reason Europeans have dominated the globe for the last five centuries is because they have a particular genius for organized violence."
"The Spanish Civil War reminded me that history repeats itself."
"When the people believe the justice system is no longer just, that the politicians are above the laws they make, that the government serves the interests of the ruling class instead of the middle and working classes; and when the history and culture and language of the people are denigrated and denied-these are the conditions that make a society ripe for civil war."
"You have just described the feelings of millions of Catalonians," Brossa said as she took her last sip of coffee.
"Not just here. It's a movement sweeping all over the world. And I suspect it might even change the world, sooner rather than later."
"For better or for worse?"
"The jury's still out on that one."