I knew of Lord Melbourne from the story of Queen Victoria. He was her first prime minister, who provided advice and companionship that the 18-yr-old queen desperately needed… and also encouraged (or was unable to prevent) her inappropriate partisanship. Much earlier in his life, “Lord M” was married to Caroline Lamb when she had her scandalous and very public affair with Lord Byron, on which she then based a couple of lurid gothic novels.
The first half of this book was published in 1939, the second in 1954; together they cover Melbourne’s life from his school days, through his tumultuous marriage, through his political career which culminated in the office of Prime Minister in his 50’s, and then to his retirement and decline. The style is a little old fashioned and dreamy in places, but it’s an engaging read.
The prologue is a long essay about the Whig aristocracy, “a unique product of English civilization… before all things a governing class” from which Lord M emerged. They were wealthy, educated, stylish and social; they tended towards atheism; they were unchaste; and they were England’s ministers, MPs, and ambassadors.
When William Lamb became heir to his father’s title (even though his mother was one of the unchaste and he was “universally supposed to be Lord Egremont’s son”) upon the death of his older brother, he married (too young, in the author’s opinion) Lady Caroline Ponsonby, a niece of the Duchess of Devonshire. He admired her whimsical vitality and ethereal beauty, but “her character was of a kind to make her an unsatisfactory wife for any man.” She was capricious, self-centered, unrealistic, wildly unstable, and her flamboyant affair with Byron stood out in a society rife with adultery.
Lord M’s political creed can be summed up as follows: “I like what is tranquil and stable.” He was “profoundly sceptical as to the value of human activity of any kind, politics most of all”, and while in office “the only measures he enthusiastically approved were those for removing restrictions.”
He was disappointed (but not surprised) at the lack of tranquility and stability in Ireland following the Catholic Emancipation, “in spite of the fact that the Irish had been given what they asked for”.
“Social reform bored Melbourne and he did not think it did any good… Peace and quiet, as always, were the things he cared most about; and any sympathy he might personally feel with a man or with his opinions was kept strictly in check by his overriding determination to avoid a fuss.”
He was 57 years old, and finally prime minister, when Victoria came to the throne, and he was profoundly affected by their relationship. He lavished fatherly tenderness on her: “The Queen amused him and touched him and stirred his admiration and won his heart.” We know the most about Melbourne during these years because Victoria, “a born reporter”, kept a detailed diary and her entries describe him intimately.
As Victoria gained confidence Melbourne lost some of his early influence. He failed to restrain Victoria during the infamous Flora Hastings affair; and failed to reconcile her to Peel when his party fell, and she stubbornly refused to replace some of her Whig Ladies in Waiting.
Melbourne’s family rallied around him as his health declined in retirement, but he necessarily lost most contact with Victoria when he left office. (Prince Albert “had now effectively replaced Melbourne in her affections; so much so that she somehow felt she had been disloyal in ever having been so fond of Melbourne at all.”)
At the end, the author imagines Melbourne “in a bitter-sweet mood of recollection”. His death in 1848 “made little stir… The world was changing fast in the nineteenth century... he had outlived his time.”
I read this book on the kindle, but on my next trip to the used bookstore I picked up a 1954 edition in good condition, which has illustrations that the ebook is missing.