رفيقي

by Maxim Gorky, مكسيم غوركي, جورج جرداق (Translator)

Maxim Gorky (1868-1936) was one of the greatest Russian writers. He inherited the best traditions of 19th century classical Russian literature and was at the same time the creator of a new art, socialist realism; he laid the foundations of the young Soviet Literature. Gorky was born "Aleksey Maksimovich Peshkov" on March 16, 1868, in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia - which was later renamed in his honor after his death (ordered by Stalin himself, it is rumored). The bitterness of his early life led him to choose the name Maxim Gorky (which means "the bitter one") as his pseudonym. Although jailed periodically for association with revolutionaries and for his own outspoken opinion on the existing social order, Gorky managed to publish a few short stories, mostly about the tramps and derelicts he had met on his journeys. These short stories soon became very popular, touching the imagination of the Russian people. Gorky became a kind of folk hero. He was the first Russian author to write sympathetically of such characters as tramps and thieves, emphasizing their daily struggles against overwhelming odds.

Genres: Russian Literature, Fiction, Classics, Short Stories, Roman, Audiobook, Literature

79 pages, Paperback

First published December 31, 1894

About the author

Russian writer Aleksei Maksimovich Peshkov (Russian: Алексей Максимович Пешков) supported the Bolshevik revolution of 1917 and helped to develop socialist realism as the officially accepted literary aesthetic; his works include The Life of Klim Samgin (1927-1936), an unfinished cycle of novels.

This Soviet author founded the socialist realism literary method and a political activist. People also nominated him five times for the Nobel Prize in literature. From 1906 to 1913 and from 1921 to 1929, he lived abroad, mostly in Capri, Italy; after his return to the Soviet Union, he accepted the cultural policies of the time.

Reviews

[P.E. · Rating 4 out of 5]

Un texte accessible pour les apprenants en début de parcours, un récit très vivant et une impression de vécu qu'on ne trouve pas souvent !
Par contre, est-ce que Charkov le spoutnik, le compagnon de route caucasien n'est pas un produit de commande un rien biaisé ?... Pas sûr.

[SADIK BAYDERE · Rating 5 out of 5]

Peşkov olan soyadını zor geçen çocukluk ve gençlik yıllarının anısına "acı" anlamına gelen Gorki olarak değiştiren, Rus edebiyatında sosyalist gerçekçiliğin mimarı sayılan, eserlerinde çağın dünya kültürünü ve devrimi görkemli biçimde kaynaştırabilme becerisini gösteren Gorki'nin kast sistemi altında ezilen Rus halkını daha iyi tanıyabilmek için gençliğinde sefalet içinde yaptığı uzun yolculuklardan birisinde tanıştığı Gürcü yol arkadaşı ile geçen anılarını anlattığı bu yol hikayesini insanı tanıma ve kültürler ve sınıflar arası farklılığı ortaya koyma açısından çok gerçekçi ve başarılı bulduğumu ve etkilendiğimi ifade etmeliyim.

Şöyle bitiriyor Gorki, yol arkadaşı Gürcü prensi Şakro ile Odessa-Tiflis arasını zorluk ve sefalet içinde yaya olarak kat ettikleri dört aylık yolculukları sonucunda aldığı hayat dersini vurgulayarak:

"Hayat, insanların bilgeliğinden daha derin ve anlamlıdır"...

[Momen · Rating 4 out of 5]

قصة قصيرة ممتعة ومعانيها عميقة،
أعجبتني شخصية الكاتب وكيفية رؤيته للخسارات بطريقة نفعية مع أنها في الحقيقة محزنة.
لقد توقعت النهاية وقد كانت تمامًا كما خمّنت ومع ذلك استمتعت بها ونالت إعجابي كثيرًا.
أنصح بها إن كنتم تريدون القراءة للكاتب لأول مرة فهي بسيطة وسهلة، والترجمة كانت جيدة جدًا.

[Richard Thompson · Rating 4 out of 5]

This was fun and well done. Maybe not Tolstoy or Chekhov, but nevertheless a beautiful slice of Russian country life from the late nineteenth century where two seemingly improbable comrades find a connection. It would have fit well into George Saunders' recent book "A Swim In the Pond In the Rain" in which Saunders dissects great Russian short stories from a writer's point of view. I found myself doing a Saunders-style dissection as I read this story, paying attention to each authorial move as the story developed, looking for the details that caused the characters to come to life and that moved the story toward the reveal at the end, plus the little bits of misdirection that Mr. Gorky scatters along the way to make the surprise ending do its magic better.

[Jalal · Rating 5 out of 5]

ممتعه واكيد راح اقرأها مره ثانية،،

من قرأ القصة على انها بين شخصين، ورحلة الخ،، يمكن فوّت على نفسه الكثير

اكيد القصة متأثرة بالواقع الاشتراكي اللي مكسيم وشلته كانوا يبشرون به،، لكن لو بنقرأنها اليوم،، اعتقد فيها معاني وايد عميقه..

اللي قرأ رواية "ان تقتل طائرا محاكيا" اغلب الظن راح يجيه احساس مشابه..

قرائتي الشخصية:
شخصية الامير شاكرو ، اعتقد انها تمثل طبقة ونظام عام - قوي وكاسح،، سميه الراس مالية اذا تحب..

فالقصة بشكل رئيسي هي سؤال مكسيم عن دور ومسؤولية اي مصلح (في القصة ، هو يقوم بدور الاشترايكي المثالي) في قبال هالموجه الضاربة (شخصية شاكرو)،،

يشير في القصة انه متناغم مع الطبيعه، وان شاكرو متناقض مع الطبيعه،، يشوف ان الانسان طوّع عوامل الطبيعه لمصلحته ونسى ان يروّض ويطوع نفسه،،

لكن السؤال،، هل يلام شاكرو على ركوب الموجه؟ اذا الجميع على خطأ ، فمن منظور اي الشخص داخل هذه الموجه،، راح يشوف نفسه هو صح لانه متوافق مع البقية..

نهاية القصة ، يمكن فيها الجواب .. مكسيم يقول ان شاكرو هو رفيق الدرب و الحياة بينما نهاية القصة تقول ان شاكرو تركه وهرب. ومكسيم (بعكس المتوقع) ما ابدى استغرابه لكن نوع من المحبة والتعاطف.. هذا التعاطف كان باين في اماكن مختلفه في القصة..

يعني شاكرو هو فقط واحد ، والمسيرة تحتاج جهاد ضد العالم كله (الموجه الكاسحه)، وهم رفيق الدرب اللي كان مكسيم يشير له..

تستاهل اكثر من قراءة..

[Tuğba · Rating 5 out of 5]

Yol Arkadaşım; 5/5
Yemelyan Pilyay; 4/5 🫶

[Trounin · Rating 3 out of 5]

Что человеку не говори – он не поймёт, если не желает понять. Это есть опровержение побуждающих к спору причин. Сходятся люди различных взглядов, имеющие отличающиеся друг от друга исходные предпосылки к сформировавшемуся у них мировоззрению. Им не дано ужиться мирно рядом, они не смогут существовать без конфликтов в условиях одной планеты, и даже Вселенной окажется мало, ибо останутся причины для обоюдной нетерпимости. Лучший выход – параллельные миры, что фантастично само по себе. Имеется единственное – постараться научиться контролировать эмоции. Пусть люди имеют разнообразные суждения, лишь бы не возникало между ними войны. Но чаще оказывается так, что будучи разными, приходится мириться с обстоятельствами. Потому давайте представим – по голодной стране бредут князь и босяк. При этом они оба – нищие. Только князь никак не может забыть о происхождении, постоянно ставя себя выше спутника.

(c) Trounin

[Jonathan Widell · Rating 5 out of 5]

A seemingly straightforward short story of Gorky and his fellow-traveller, the Georgian Shakro, who walked together from Odessa in Ukraine to Tiflis (Tbilisi) in Georgia. The journey of 1,500 km took them four months. Probably based on real events, the story can be read at many levels. The charm of the book is that it never makes clear if it is an allegory. It could also be a study of the troubled relationship one has with oneself, which forces one to press forward. It could both of those things and many more, or neither. Delightfully understated, this story does not show us a writer who only cares about preaching a social gospel or gives his readers a lesson in socialist realism, which was what I was most apprehensive about. This is a story that breathes. It shows us two derelicts who could just as well be princes.

[Дмитрий · Rating 5 out of 5]

Аллегория, почти мистическая.
Необычная, мне кажется, для Горького, даже после его романтических рассказов.
Какой разносторонний и неоднозначный был писатель и человек.

[Gamby · Rating 4 out of 5]

gorki'nin rusya'da yaptığı yolculuklardan fışkıran bir öykü. pek bilinmiyor, gorki'nin diğer eserlerinin gölgesinde kalan bir metin.

odesa limanı'nda başlıyor hikâye. iki zıt karakterin çatışması ve ilgi çekici yol anılarından ibaret olmasına rağmen, nedense bir sonraki sayfayı çevirmemek elden gelmiyor. öykü sevenleri tatmin edeceğini düşünüyorum, rus edebiyatı sevenlerin her halükarda beğeneceğini düşünüyorum.

son olarak şakro'nun midesini sikeyim affedersiniz.(lol)

[Cem Uysal · Rating 5 out of 5]

Gerçek hayattan alıntı gibi bir eser bence aynı zamanda sadakatin acımanın ve bir insan için çabalamanın ne kadar gereksiz ve boş oldugunuda gösteriyo çok güzeldi okuması zevkli ve kolaydı çok beğendim. Yola çıktıgın yol arkadaşın ya hiç bir zaman arkadaşın olamamışsa sorusunu zihnine zorla sokan harika bi öyküydü

[MUSTAFA GOKTAS · Rating 2 out of 5]

Guzel anlatim. Betimlemeler guzel. Belirli bir felsefe anlatilacak sandim. Biraz negatif basladim. Fakat insanlarin yuzunu gosterdi. Guldugum, kizdigim anlar oldu. Hikayeyi hissedebilirsiniz. Sonunda soylemek uzere bir sozunuz olur kesinlikle.

[Adil · Rating 4 out of 5]

akın altan'ın sesinden, kendi youtube kanalında dinledim bu kitapta yer alan dört öyküyü:

çelkaş: 5/5
yol arkadaşım: 4/5
makar çudra: 2/5
yemelyan pilyay: 3/5

[Gizem Dosar]

Hayat, insanların bilgeliginden daha derin ve anlamlıdır çünkü.

[Gulcin · Rating 4 out of 5]

Dinlediğim kitaplardan oldu. Sade, kısa, abartısız, çok güzel bir anlatım.

[Sinan Yuce · Rating 4 out of 5]

Ruslar kadar toplumcu gerçekçi yazabilen yazarlar yok. Bir Rus'u kazarsanız altından bir Tatar çıkar. Bir Tatar'ı kazarsanız altında Türk çıkar diye boşuna demiyorlar.

[UBP · Rating 5 out of 5]

Last story, short but captivating how vividly he describes the social classes in just couple of sentences.

[Yomeshan Fadl · Rating 3 out of 5]

الترجمة أتبعتني ...

[Aleyna Terzi · Rating 4 out of 5]

I was fascinated how consistent people can be to each other. I don't tolerate people even for the smallest mistakes. Maybe I don't like anyone enough to perfect them in my mind. The book was an overall fun ride. But I wasn't touched.

[Evi Voulgaraki · Rating 5 out of 5]

Ένα από τα πιο ενδιαφέροντα μικρά αφηγήματα του Γκόργκι, μαζί με το άλλο ομόλογό του, τον Περαστικό.

Εδώ ταξιδεύει κανείς στην αχανή ρωσική ανατολή και στη μοναδική ανθρωπογεωγραφία της. Αν ο Γκόρκι στα Πανεπιστήμιά του περιγράφει πώς σπούδασε τη ζωή μέσα από τη ζωή, εδώ είναι μια από τις κορυφαίες αφηγήσεις του για τη σπουδή που μπορεί να προσφέρει ο δρόμος, το ταξίδι, η ανθρώπινη συνάντηση, η φιλία.

Είναι ένα σπουδαίο αφήγημα, μαγευτικό και απολαυστικό.

Ίσως ο Γκόρκι να είναι ο λογοτεχνικός πρόδρομος και του αμερικανικού κινήματος των beatniks και βιβλίων όπως αυτά του Jack Kerouak και άλλων όπου περιγράφουν τα αλήτικα και δίχως χρήμα ή σκοπό ταξίδια τους στην αχανή αμερικανική ήπειρο (π.χ. το βιβλίο Στο Δρόμο).

Πάντως είναι βέβαιο ότι τα ταξίδια του Γκόρκι στην απέραντη Ρωσία, μέχρι τα ασιατικά της βάθη, στην ύπαιθρο, σε πόλεις, χωριά και λιμάνια, ανταμείβουν τον αναγνώστη και του προσφέρουν πολυεπίπεδη ικανοποίηση.

[Plamena Jekova · Rating 5 out of 5]

Le Bien et le Mal. C'est sans doute une histoire déplacée et naïve pour la société moderne qui préfère les nuances (de gris!), les caractères complexes, torturés. Pourtant, la simplicité des personnages ne les renferme pas dans le rapport simpliste du gentil et du méchant. Une beauté nouvelle, au-delà de toutes nos exigences savantes, se crée. Un sentiment de vérité (même si on aime relativiser "cartésiennement" la vérité) se faufile, belle, biblique, inconnue vérité. Elle dépasse nos envies perverses de se moquer du Bien. Le héros qui pardonne les moqueries, qui traite son ennemi en ami, qui sacrifie son bien-être pour un profiteur n'est plus ridicule, il est libre. Aider sans attendre aucune récompense, lui enseigne le Christ. Il l'applique sans se poser des questions. Et ceci, face à nos idées de justice, d'équité, de mérite, est perturbant. Ceci est divin.

[Trounin · Rating 3 out of 5]

Начало 1896 года стоит отметить короткими очерками и набросками. Усталость Горького кажется очевидной. Не до фельетонов ему было. Не тот жанр, в котором он желал творить. Не хватало размаха мысли. Ограничение в одно действие причиняло муки. Потому ничем не можешь выделить публиковавшихся работ. Максиму требовалось зреть горе! Описывать человеческие страдания у него получалось лучше всего. Поставленные перед выбором люди – вот к чему он стремился в произведениях. Не видя подобного, писал о разном, чтобы никогда потом не вспоминать. Исключением становится рассказ “Товарищи”, включавшийся Горьким в прижизненные собрания сочинений.

(c) Trounin

[Giovanna Arianoglou · Rating 5 out of 5]

Δεύτερη συλλογή διηγημάτων του Γκόρκι που πέφτει στα χέρια μου και ενώ με την πρώτη είχα απογοητευτεί, αυτή ήρθε να μου αλλάξει εντελώς γνώμη για το συγγραφέα. Και τα τρία διηγήματα (Ο σύντροφός μου, Ο ήρωας, Κρυφακούγωντας) έχουν μια έντονα αλληγορική διάθεση που ο τρόπος γραφής τους φροντίζει να την επιδεικνύει. Φιλοσοφικός λόγος στα δύο πρώτα, με διάχυτο το πολιτικό στοιχείο που όμως δε φαντάζει προπαγανδιστικό.

[Esra · Rating 4 out of 5]

Fakat iyi duygularla, şen bir gülümsemeyle sık sık anarım onu. O bana, akıllı insanların yazdığı koca koca kitaplarda bulunamayacak pek çok şey öğretti. Hayat, insanların bilgeliğinden daha derin ve anlamlıdır çünkü.