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Η μιμητική επιθυμία στο υπόγειο. Διάλογος με τον Κορνήλιο Καστοριάδη
Στο πρώτο κείμενο που περιλαμβάνεται στο βιβλίο, ο Ζιράρ συμπυκνώνει τη θεωρία της μιμητικής επιθυμίας, που αποτελεί τη δική του συνεισφορά όχι μόνο στην κριτική της λογοτεχνίας, αλλά και στην ιστορία της βίας, της θρησκείας και της επιθυμίας. Φραγμός στην ανθρώπινη επιθυμία δεν υπάρχει: όσα επιδιώκει ένα μεμονωμένο μέλος της κοινότητας μπαίνουν στο στόχαστρο των υπολοίπων. Και ακριβώς επειδή οι άλλοι τα εποφθαλμιούν, εκείνος τα λατρεύει διπλά. Διαφαίνεται εδώ το περίφημο «μιμητικό τρίγωνο», που συνδέει τον επιθυμούντα, το επιθυμούμενο αντικείμενο και τον μεσολαβητή-πρότυπο.
Το δεύτερο κείμενο αφορά ένα γνωστό από τη βιβλιογραφία συνέδριο στο οποίο συμμετείχε ο Ζιράρ, αλλά ταυτόχρονα την άγνωστη εν πολλοίς συνάντησή του με τον Κορνήλιο Καστοριάδη. Στο Δεκαήμερο του Σεριζύ, με θέμα την «Αυτοοργάνωση», οι δυο τους συγκρούονται για την ενδεχομενικότητα στις ανθρώπινες υποθέσεις. Ο καθολικός Ζιράρ –ο ίδιος τοποθετεί τη μεταστροφή του από τον σκεπτικισμό στον χριστιανισμό το 1958– απέναντι στον μαχητικό άθεο Καστοριάδη. Ο αφηγητής του Ιερού εντός της κοινωνίας απέναντι στον εισηγητή της αυτονομίας, που εξορίζει τη θρησκεία. Ο ντετερμινιστής, που αναζητά υπεριστορικούς κανόνες για τη θέσμιση των κοινωνιών, και ο υπέρμαχος του πολιτικού αναστοχασμού και της πράξεως.
Το δεύτερο κείμενο αφορά ένα γνωστό από τη βιβλιογραφία συνέδριο στο οποίο συμμετείχε ο Ζιράρ, αλλά ταυτόχρονα την άγνωστη εν πολλοίς συνάντησή του με τον Κορνήλιο Καστοριάδη. Στο Δεκαήμερο του Σεριζύ, με θέμα την «Αυτοοργάνωση», οι δυο τους συγκρούονται για την ενδεχομενικότητα στις ανθρώπινες υποθέσεις. Ο καθολικός Ζιράρ –ο ίδιος τοποθετεί τη μεταστροφή του από τον σκεπτικισμό στον χριστιανισμό το 1958– απέναντι στον μαχητικό άθεο Καστοριάδη. Ο αφηγητής του Ιερού εντός της κοινωνίας απέναντι στον εισηγητή της αυτονομίας, που εξορίζει τη θρησκεία. Ο ντετερμινιστής, που αναζητά υπεριστορικούς κανόνες για τη θέσμιση των κοινωνιών, και ο υπέρμαχος του πολιτικού αναστοχασμού και της πράξεως.
136 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 1997
2 people want to read
About the author
René Girard
119 books862 followersRené Girard was a French-born American historian, literary critic, and philosopher of social science whose work belongs to the tradition of anthropological philosophy.
He was born in the southern French city of Avignon on Christmas day in 1923. Between 1943 and 1947, he studied in Paris at the École des Chartres, an institution for the training of archivists and historians, where he specialized in medieval history. In 1947 he went to Indiana University on a year’s fellowship and eventually made almost his entire career in the United States. He completed a PhD in history at Indiana University in 1950 but also began to teach literature, the field in which he would first make his reputation. He taught at Duke University and at Bryn Mawr before becoming a professor at Johns Hopkins in Baltimore. In 1971 he went to the State University of New York at Buffalo for five years, returned to Johns Hopkins, and then finished his academic career at Stanford University where he taught between 1981 and his retirement in 1995.
Girard is the author of nearly thirty books, with his writings spanning many academic domains. Although the reception of his work is different in each of these areas, there is a growing body of secondary literature on his work and his influence on disciplines such as literary criticism, critical theory, anthropology, theology, psychology, mythology, sociology, economics, cultural studies, and philosophy.Girard’s fundamental ideas, which he has developed throughout his career and provide the foundation for his thinking, are that desire is mimetic (all of our desires are borrowed from other people), that all conflict originates in mimetic desire (mimetic rivalry), that the scapegoat mechanism is the origin of sacrifice and the foundation of human culture, and religion was necessary in human evolution to control the violence that can come from mimetic rivalry, and that the Bible reveals these ideas and denounces the scapegoat mechanism.
In 1990, friends and colleagues of Girard’s established the Colloquium on Violence and Religion to further research and discussion about the themes of Girard’s work. The Colloquium meets annually either in Europe or the United States.
René Girard died on November 4, 2015, at the age of 91 in Stanford.
He was born in the southern French city of Avignon on Christmas day in 1923. Between 1943 and 1947, he studied in Paris at the École des Chartres, an institution for the training of archivists and historians, where he specialized in medieval history. In 1947 he went to Indiana University on a year’s fellowship and eventually made almost his entire career in the United States. He completed a PhD in history at Indiana University in 1950 but also began to teach literature, the field in which he would first make his reputation. He taught at Duke University and at Bryn Mawr before becoming a professor at Johns Hopkins in Baltimore. In 1971 he went to the State University of New York at Buffalo for five years, returned to Johns Hopkins, and then finished his academic career at Stanford University where he taught between 1981 and his retirement in 1995.
Girard is the author of nearly thirty books, with his writings spanning many academic domains. Although the reception of his work is different in each of these areas, there is a growing body of secondary literature on his work and his influence on disciplines such as literary criticism, critical theory, anthropology, theology, psychology, mythology, sociology, economics, cultural studies, and philosophy.Girard’s fundamental ideas, which he has developed throughout his career and provide the foundation for his thinking, are that desire is mimetic (all of our desires are borrowed from other people), that all conflict originates in mimetic desire (mimetic rivalry), that the scapegoat mechanism is the origin of sacrifice and the foundation of human culture, and religion was necessary in human evolution to control the violence that can come from mimetic rivalry, and that the Bible reveals these ideas and denounces the scapegoat mechanism.
In 1990, friends and colleagues of Girard’s established the Colloquium on Violence and Religion to further research and discussion about the themes of Girard’s work. The Colloquium meets annually either in Europe or the United States.
René Girard died on November 4, 2015, at the age of 91 in Stanford.
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January 12, 2022
Συμφωνώ με τις κριτικές που λένε πως ο Ζιραρ το παράκανε. Ευτυχώς που έχει και κάτι λίγες σελίδες Καστοριάδη.
Displaying 1 - 2 of 2 reviews