أزمة علم النفس المعاصر

by Georges Politzer, لطفي فطيم (translator)

تَرجِعُ أَهمِّيَّةُ هذا الكِتابِ إلى كَونِه إضافَةً نَظريَّةً لا يستطيع أَيُّ مُشتَغِلٍ بعِلمِ النَّفس أَنْ يُهمِلَها، ولَكِنْ -للأسف- لا نَجِدُ لها ذِكرًا في كُتُبِ عِلمِ النَّفسِ الأمريكيَّة والبريطانيَّة؛ وذَلِكَ لكَراهِيَة أصحابِ عِلمِ النَّفسِ الأمريكيِّ لِوجهاتِ النَّظَرِ الَّتي تَستَنِدُ إلى الفَلسَفةِ المادِّيَّة الجَدَليَّة؛ لأسبابٍ لا تَخْفَى على فِطنَةِ القارئ. وقد اعتَمَدَ المشتَغِلون بعِلمِ النَّفس في البِلادِ العَربيَّة على النَّقلِ من المصادِرِ الإنجليزيَّة والأمريكيَّة نقلًا مُباشِرًا، بحَيثُ يُمكِنُ القَولُ إِنَّ ما يوجَدُ من عِلمِ نَفسِ في البِلادِ العَربيَّة هو "عِلمُ نَفسِ الخَواجات"، أيْ: عِلمُ النَّفسِ الَّذي يتناوَلُ سُلوكَ ومُعتَقَداتِ ومَشاكِلَ المُجتمعاتِ الغربيَّة، والإنسانِ الغَربيِّ، والذي لا يَنطَبِقُ علينا؛ نَحنُ أبناءَ الوَطَنِ العَربيِّ، إلَّا إذا كان هُناكَ ما يُسمَّى بالطَّبيعَة الإنسانيَّة أو النَّفسيَّة الواحِدَة للبَشَرِ جَميعًا، وهو افتراضٌ لم تَثبُت صِحَّتُه؛ فمُعظَمُ المُنَظِّرين في مجال الشَّخصيَّة يَعتَبِرون أنَّ الإنسانَ نِتاجُ بيئَتِه، وأنَّ عُنصُرَ الثَّقافة والتَّوصِيَة له أكبرُ الأَثَرِ في تَكوينِ نَفسيَّة الإنسانِ وعَقلِه.

Genres: Psychology, Philosophy, Nonfiction

118 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1928

About the author

French philosopher and Marxist theoretician of Hungarian origin, affectionately referred to by some as the "red-headed philosopher" (philosophe roux).

Politzer was already a militant by the time of his involvement in the Hungarian insurrection of 1919. He went into exile at age seventeen following the failure of the Hungarian Soviet Republic led by Béla Kun when the country fell under the rule of the repressive government of Austro-Hungarian Admiral Miklós Horthy.

He settled in Paris in 1921 after meeting Freud and Sándor Ferenczi in Vienna. He joined the French Communist Party sometime between 1929 and 1931.

At the beginning of the 1930s, the Communist Party founded the Workers University of Paris (l'Université Ouvrière de Paris) which lasted until dissolution by German occupation in 1939. During his tenure at the university, Politzer was entrusted with and given charge of a course on dialectical materialism.

A disciple of Marx and Lenin, Politzer was very interested in psychology, preaching the concrete aspects of this field, in relation to which he qualified traditional psychology as abstract. He also took a lively interest in nascent Freudian theory and its uses before eventually distancing himself from it. In this same period, he occupied the post of professor of philosophy at Lycée Marcelin Berthelot in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés.

Mobilized to Paris in 1940, he remained on the side of the French Communist Party secret command. Demobilized in July 1940, he oversaw the edition of a clandestine bulletin.

After his comrade and friend Paul Langevin, a physicist of world renown, was arrested in October 1940, Politzer published the first edition of The Free University (L'Université Libre), which told of the imprisonment of scholars and denounced the extortions committed by invading fascists during World War II.

In February 1942, Politzer's operations were stopped; he was arrested along with his wife Mai (also a Communist and a Resister) for violating the law banning the Communist Party. He underwent torture, being turned over to the Nazis on 20 March 1942 and undergoing execution by firing squad at their hands on 23 May of that year, just after having secretly published a French academic journal. His wife was transported to Auschwitz, where she died in March 1943.

Reviews

[ياسمين Thabet]

يمكننا ان نتصور سيكولوجيا جديدة واصيلة لا تستند في اساسها علي البيولوجيا او الفسيولوجيا ومع ذلك تظل بمنأى عن المشكلات التقليدية للسيكولوجيا الكلاسيكية بل علي منأى جذري عن مفهون الحياة الداخلية ايا كان الشكل الذي يتخذه

هذا كتاب متخصص جدا لا يصلح للعوام ولا يصلح الا لطبيب نفسي او خريج علم نفس ليفهمه
لا استطيع تقييمه لاني لست باحثة في علم النفس

[Saleh · Rating 2 out of 5]

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