My first flee-response to the book was due to the title. I had just finished reading Terry Eagleton’s book, Hope Without Optimism, which tried to parse hope from optimism. He says authentic hope “needs to be underpinned by reasons. […] It must be able to pick out the features of a situation that render it credible.” Hope must be fallible, as opposed to optimism (a word Eagleton relates to 'temperamental cheerfulness') which is not. “True hope is needed most when the situation is at its starkest, a state of extremity that optimism is generally loath to acknowledge.” In other words, we need hope which acknowledges the challenges and allows us to prepare for them; situations in which blind optimism fails us.
David Boyd says in the introduction, “Research by psychologists and cognitive linguists offers profound insights for those who care about the planet’s future. Pressing people’s fear buttons, a prominent strategy among environmentalists, usually triggers an instinctive survival response. When confronted by fear, most people suppress their concern for other s and focus on their own interests. […] In the face of overwhelming environmental threats, people are overcome by feelings of helplessness and are less likely to take any kind of remedial action” (p.xix). It is at this point that my second flee-response begged me to move on to another book, as it often follows with a series of feel-good stories that will have absolutely zero impact on motivating a progressive response to our environmental challenges. I kept reading, however, and was pleasantly surprised.
The Optimist Environmentalist negotiates the Charybdis of naiveté and the Scylla of vacuity. Boyd is not unaware of our collective environmental challenges, but he chooses to present the many positive changes over the past number of decades. He discusses improvements for cleaner air, the effective response to ozone depletion, and the reduction in use of hazardous chemicals in food production and manufacturing. He also addresses the built environment and transportation as two of the most energy consuming sectors.
Regarding the economy, Boyd does a very nice job describing good design principles including cradle-to-cradle design, zero waste, and biomimicry (innovation inspired by Nature). These are indeed essential ingredients to approaching sustainability in practice and depends on the implementation of strong policies in manufacturing. He quotes McDonough: “Human beings don’t have a pollution problem; they have a design problem", which is quite true.
One of the greatest strengths of the book, I believe, was that the solutions were to be found not only in individual consumer behaviour (where weaker books seem to thrash around), but in good public policy. Boyd astutely maintains: “Governments need to protect and fulfill this right by rigorously implementing and enforcing strong environmental laws and policies, using taxes and fees to make polluters pay, accelerating the shift to renewable energy, replacing environmental hazards with safe substitutes , applying the precautionary principle, and ensuring that environmental benefits and burdens are fairly shared” (p.192).
Boyd concludes that “The optimistic environmentalist’s message to the world is that we can do better” (p.202). And this book is designed to help us see that truth. The Optimist Environmentalist is well written, interesting, and achieves its goal of supporting authentic hope while acknowledging the challenges. It neither paralyzes with fear, nor does it lull into complacency. The word I might use is pragmatic - we can do better, but we need the public policy to advance positive change.