الأفكار التي شكلت العالم: تاريخ موجز لفكر الإنسان

by Felipe Fernández-Armesto, علي عيسى داود (ترجمة), حسام خضور (مراجعة)

يقدم هذا الكتاب فكرة أن قدرة الإنسان على توليد الأفكار هي السبب الحقيقي في تشكيل العالم على هذا النموذج أو الآخر، وأن هذه القدرة هي ما يميز الإنسان عن بقية الكائنات. وفي السياق هذا يقدم مجموعة كبيرة من الأفكار يرى أنها شكَّلت العالم. لن يتفق قراء كثر مع وجهات نظر الكاتب، وربما يتفق معه كثيرون. وبين هؤلاء وهؤلاء مجموعة كبيرة تتساءل وتشعر بالشك وعدم اليقين بما يطرحه. ولعله هنا تكمن أهمية هذا الكتاب، فالكتاب الذي يدفع القارئ إلى التساؤل والشك ربما يكون أفضل من الكتاب الذي يكاد يقدم إجابات نهائية للقارئ تقنعه بصحتها. يدرس المؤلف مجالات العلوم والزراعة والدين والفن والسياسة في الفكر، من دون أن يتجاهل المصادفة التي تتمظهر في الوقت المناسب الذي ينتج فيه عقل الإنسان الشرارات التي تشعل نيران التغيير وحتى الثورات التي تغير مسار التاريخ الإنساني إلى الأبد. تأمل دار الفرقد أن يكون كتابها هذا باعثاً على البحث والتحري عن المعرفة العلمية الأساس في نهضة الأمم.

Genres: History, Philosophy, Nonfiction, Science, Reference, Sociology, Cultural

150 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 2003

About the author

Felipe Fernández-Armesto is a British professor of history at the University of Notre Dame and author of several popular works, notably on cultural and environmental history.

Reviews

[S. Thomas · Rating 5 out of 5]

I love this book! I will keep it on my coffee tale again as soon as my youngest son is old enough to handle such things.

I used the pre-history section heavily to world build my fantasy novel set in the Stone Age.

Beautiful pictures and pop culture references really bring history to life. A must have reference for how we got to this complicated society, one idea at a time.

[Jefferson Ludlow · Rating 3 out of 5]

Had it for 5 years, finally read it. Fascinating, wide-ranging, lots of illustrations - but not much new or surprising. The author's basic theses - that historical change is more intellectual than economic, political, etc etc, and that most of the ideas that shape our thinking are prehistoric in origin - would not get an argument from most historians. And Fernandez-Armesto's right-wing bias jumps off of every page and hits you in the face. Anything left of center is dismissed as "unrealistic" or "dangerous" or "vague and spineless." To be fair, he doesn't like fascism much, either.

Perhaps the most interesting thing about the book is the quirky choices of illustrations. For ideas he doesn't like, old Hollywood movies: Piaget's theories with Laurel and Hardy in dunce caps, for example; or for "existentialism," a shot from "Easy Rider." For ideas he DOES like, such as sharing of food, old photos from the Fifties (a suburban white family at Thanksgiving dinner), or Disney characters - for "ethics," Jiminy Cricket (!) saying "let your conscience be your guide." And sometimes the pics are simply inexplicable: why is there a bust of Benjamin Franklin on the page about chaos theory?

My recommendation - read it, but don't be taken in by his frequent claims that this idea is "outmoded" and that one is "generally accepted," when those judgments are really just his own.

[Michael · Rating 5 out of 5]

Over 175 of the worlds greatest ideas are discussed in this book. They are explained in great understandable details. Each idea has recommended books to read for more undertsanding of the subject. Each idea also has modern and historical images relating to the idea. Some examples are the idea of measuring time, the idea of writing and the idea of atoms. You will learn a lot in this book. I was most impressed with the idea of the computer in 1833 but never finished since it needed the power of electricity and government funding. Amazing!

[Lindie ✦ · Rating 3 out of 5]

A broad introduction to philosophical ideas and religious thought, but heavily biased towards the authors personal beliefs. Whether I agree or not, I would have preferred more in depth analyses and explanations of various sides and interpretations of the ideas rather than a reinforcement of one and a dismissal of the other as being false. Some “creative” use of images and text makes parts of the text difficult to read on busy backgrounds.

The book was first published in 2003, so the pages on “the idea of artificial intelligence” particularly piqued my interest. “[being in instant contact with anyone across the globe] … has been both a disaster and an opportunity: information overkill has gutted minds and … dulled a generation, but the Internet has multiplied useful work, diffused knowledge and served freedom”

It was fascinating to read Alan Turing’s 1950 quote “I believe that at the end of the century we will be able to speak of machines thinking without being contradicted”. How right he was.

[Chris Ellis · Rating 4 out of 5]

Not what I though it was going to be, I imagined more of a look at human inventiveness, but this was far from it.

With chapters such as "The Idea of Measuring Time" and "The Idea of Religion as Law" it truly is a book that examines ideas throughout history, how they came to be, and the repercussions surrounding them.

Convenient short chapters make this an easy book to pick up and read anytime. Fair warning - there is a ton of information in this book, and not all of it easy to process.

[Yassin Salama · Rating 5 out of 5]

Um livro muito rico de informações valiosas sobre as ideias que fez uma mudança grande no mundo.
P.S: percebei que tem alguns erros que não tem base no fato.

[Guilherme Gonçalves · Rating 3 out of 5]

Um guia muito interessante sobre as ideias fundamentais que moldaram o nosso mundo.
A edição em português é da ARX (2009) e é ricamente ilustrada.

[thisslight · Rating 1 out of 5]

كتاب بديهي وترجمة سيئة

[Rawan · Rating 3 out of 5]

يطرح الكتاب أفكاراً جيدة إلى حد ما لمن يرغب في دخول عالم الفلسفة، لكن الترجمة تحتاج إلى تدقيق أكثر ..

[Abdalmajeed Abdalazeez · Rating 1 out of 5]

Not good 👎🏽👎🏽

[Geert Daelemans · Rating 4 out of 5]

Fast food for the soul

This unique book illustrates how our world has become what it is today: by thinking and using imagination. The fundament of this book is that ideas are the driving force behind change and progress. Ideas are as old as mankind. Discoveries and inventions, economic systems and politic movements, our contact with people, animals and daily objects: all find their birth in an original idea. From cannibalism to Zen, from time to the unconscious, from pure logic to the chaos theory...

The 'idea' behind this book is as remarkable as it is refreshing. It all starts in prehistoric times and takes the reader on a long, but exiting trip through time. One hundred ideas are briefly discussed and presented to the reader as some fast food for the mind. Not all ideas are as natural as for example the invention of writing, but put into a boarder perspective each of them shows significant influence on the course of history. As a consequence of this book's setup every idea only takes up two pages. No one can expect that this limited coverage is enough to fully communicate what each idea really signifies. This is certainly the weakest point of this anthology. It is certainly not surprising that not everyone will agree to the interpretation of certain ideas. But at least this book gives the incentive to numerous interesting discussions.

As a remedy to the compactness the author has added a 'further reading' section to each idea, a gesture that is highly appreciated and that is certainly one of the main assets of this thought provoking book. A great starting point for everyone who frequently asks the question: why?

[Rümeysa Bn · Rating 4 out of 5]

يحتوي الكتاب على تاريخ موحز للافكار التي شكلت العالم، فاذا كنت من الاشخاص المحبين لتاريخ العالم و الانسان على وجه التحديد فهذا الكتاب سيعجبك ، فعو ينحدث عن كل فكرة ساهمت في تغيير العالم كالزراعة و الاديان، العلوم الطب ... الخ
اذا كنت تبحث عن كتاب يلهص لك جميع الافكار التي صادفت الانسان في العالم فسيكون هذا الكتاب افضل خيار.
الكتاب: #الأفكار_التي_شكلت_العالم
الكاتب: #فيليب_فرناندز_أرميستو
عدد الصفحات: 148ص
دار النشر: #الفرقد
مراجعة الكتاب:
الكتاب و كما قلت سابقا يعطي تاريخا موجزا للافكار التي شكلت العالم و الانسان معا، منذ بدايته الى القرن الواحد و العشرين فقط تطرق الكاتب الى كيفية بناء الافكار اولا ثم الى عقلية الانسان الولى التي تسعى للصيد و الاكل و فقط و من ثم تطورها الى الزراعة و بعد الزراعة صناعة الحضارة، فبحسب الكاتب ان الزراعة كانت من اهم المسببات لبناء الحضارات بعدها انتقل للفلاسفة بدءا من زرادشت و الحكماء و الديانات و ما لم يعجبني في هذا الفصل هو عدم فهمه للدين الاسلامي و لم يعطي افكارا توافقه.
بعد فصل الديانات بدأ فصل عصر النهضة و التنوير و الفوضى الى ان وصلنا لعصرنا هذا.
رأيي الشخصي:
اذا لم تكن لديك دراية حتى ولو كانت سطحية لما تطرق له الكاتب فلن تستطيع ان تفهم جيدا، لذا قراءة الكتاب يكون بجانبها بحث
ما اعجبني في الكاتب هو حيادته حيث انه قام بسرد الاحداث كما هي دون ادلاء رأيه
كانت الترجمة رائعة جدا و اعجبني عمل المترجم #علي_عيسى_داود
التقييم: 4/5

[فيصل السالم · Rating 5 out of 5]

أستاذ التاريخ البيئي العالمي فيليب أرميستو يكتب نبذة مختصة عن تاريخ الأفكار /الإنسان بإيجاز نوعاً ما غير مُخلّ ، الكتاب يطرح نشأة تكوّن الأفكار منذ عقل الإنسان الجامع وإلى الزراعة مروراً والأرواحية والسياسة ، وكيف أن الاستقرار ساهم في بناء أفكار مناسبة لاسلوب هذه الحياة ، ونشأت الكتابة ، ثم يتطرّق الكتاب إلى النصوص السنسكريتية وزرادشت وبوذا ولاوتسي وانتهاءً بالتفكير اليهودي .
ثم يبتدأ بجزء آخر من الكتاب هو التشاؤوم والتفاؤل في السياسة مروراً بافلاطون وتشاؤميتيه وتفاؤل كونفوشيوس ، ثم يناقش الكتاب قدوم فيثاغورس وارسطو وبزوغ العقل اليوناني على ساحة الفكر ، إلى أن أتى بزوغ المسيحية والإسلام.
يكمل الكتاب شرحه المُبسّط لعصر النهضة والتنوير إلى القرن التاسع عشر وأهمها الثورة الفرنسية والمثالية والقوية والاشتراكية والنفعية .
ثم يصاب العقل بصدمة الوحشية والعنف ووهم التقدّم ويحصد ال��نسان ماجناه من الثورة الصناعية .
ثم يظهر على الساحة نيتشه وداروين وانتهاءً بالقرن العشرين وأنشتاين وبوانكاريه وبرغسون وفرويد .
إلى أن وصل الفكر إلى الفوضوية وعدم الثقة بشيء نتيجة ممارسات وحصاد ماجناه الفكر في العصور القديمة وأصبح الفكر يتبنى التعددية والنسبية والهشاشة والمياعة وعدم اليقين .

فيليب أرميستو جيد باسهابه واسلوبه المختصر وحياده نوعاً ما فهو يطرح الفكرة كما هي دون نظره تحليلية منه ، ترتيب الكتاب كان رائع واللغة كانت جيدة والترجمة ايضاً كانت ممتازة من علي عيسى داود.

[Beauregard Bottomley · Rating 4 out of 5]

TMS Ideas that Shaped Mankind - A concise history

Almost any listener who is interested in Big History from the beginning of man to today will enjoy this set of lectures. It's well worth one credit at Audible, and the listener will learn something he didn't already know. The lecturer's voice is as obnoxious as his attitude is arrogant. It all makes for a better listening experience and makes the listener think they too can become a Mr. Know-it-all. Yes, I did like the lectures and he ties his themes together wonderfully in a narrative, but I warn the faint of heart listener to the lecturer's tone and attitude. He does say obnoxious things like "If I had wanted to learn simple things that were just objective facts, I would have learned physics instead of philosophy and intellectual development", but he also will teach you things you probably didn't already know and make you understand why it's important.
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[Jason · Rating 4 out of 5]

This book focuses on ideas thought to be important or pivotal to the development of history and humans. It's a somewhat cursory examination which is both a blessing and a burden. A blessing from the aspect that you don't get bogged down on one idea for a long period of time and also a burden because sometimes certain ideas interest you to the point where you want to read more about them. The book contains many nice illustrations and captions which tend to liven the subject and make it more alluring. The breadth and scope of ideas covered is another nice feature, however, some ideas (such as those on fascism and national superiority) tend to be overlapping and can become tedious. All-in-all though I would recommend it as a good refresher book or something suitable to get your thinking cap on.

[The Reading Countess · Rating 4 out of 5]

A comprehensive look at all things innovative, Ideas That Changed the World will surely be a popular read with middle graders. From zippers to microwaves, electric cars to x-rays; this book has them all. My son will undoubtedly enjoy the video games pages, but I, myself, liked learning about early cement. It seems we have those crafty Romans to thank for the sturdiness of everyday objects. Mixing volcano ash with such things as blood, milk and horsehair to change the consistency, they introduced the world to cement. The photos and illustrations capture the reader and make it difficult to put the book down.

[Tim Weakley · Rating 4 out of 5]

This was my first experience with an audiobook, and I have to say it was a laugh! I used this book to occupy my time during my daily workout. What I didn't realize was that my iPod was set on shuffle! So instead of this orderly progression of ideas through the ages I had to take them as I got them...which made for an exercise in concentration.

That aside, I thought the way in which it was done was very good. It was full of clearly stated ideas and opinions. The voice of the author was a bit of a laugh. He came across as very "upper class twit of the year" until I got used to it.

[Jess · Rating 5 out of 5]

This book talks about where a the ideas that underly parts of our western culture originated. It is organized into a cronological order by chapters begining with pre-history up until the post-modern period. Each page elaborates on a single idea, so the book is more like a collection of encyclopedia articles than a typical non-fiction read. If you like ideas, self-reflection and history, this book is definitely for you.

[Lucy · Rating 3 out of 5]

Fun, with lots of pretty pictures. Interesting to look at it from a cultural perspective, too.

[Khalid · Rating 2 out of 5]

فكرة الكتاب لا يخدمها مثل هذا الإيجاز ، فالإيجاز في مثل هذا الموضوع ( تاريخ الأفكار ) هو إيجاز مخل .

إضافة إلى أن الكاتب جاهل بالدين الإسلامي وبنبيّه .