1945 წლის 6 აპრილს კუნძულ ტექსელზე დაწყებული ქართველი სამხედროების ამბოხება ფართოდ იყო ცნობილი საბჭოთა კავშირის პერიოდში - თითქმის არ მოიძებნებოდა ადამიანი, ვისაც არ სმენოდა აჯანყების შესახებ. თუმცა საბჭოთა პროპაგანდისტებს ისე აეზილათ ერთმანეთში ტყუილი და სიმართლე, რომ შეუძლებელი იყო სრული სურათის მიღება. წიგნი ტექსელის ამბოხებას ფაქტობრივი სიზუსტით აღწერს. თხრობა შორიდან იწყება - გერმანულ-ქართული ურთიერთობებიდან პირველი მსოფლიო ომის დროს. მკითხველისათვის თანდათანობით ნათელი ხდება, თუ როგორ ...
Eric Lee is a London-based author, historian and political activist. He has written three books on the 20th century history of Georgia plus others on World War II, the Vietnam War, and the labour movement and the Internet. He is the founding editor of LabourStart - the news and campaigning website of the international trade union movement, which he founded in 1998. He's a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society (UK) and a member of the Historical Writers Association and the Society of Authors.
During the night of 5/6 April 1945 on the fortress island of Texel in the Netherlands, Georgian volunteers in the service of the Wehrmacht staged an uprising and slaughtered their German compatriots in their sleep with bayonets and razors, but ultimately failing in their mission to take over the island, the Germans counter-attacked and almost wiped out the Georgian battalion and killed many Dutch civilians in a battle that still raged weeks after the official German surrender at the end of the Second World War.
The author does a great job at describing the historical background of everything that lead up to the Texel Uprising as it became known and the myths created by it. The uprising is also covered in great detail and the fate of all the major role players in the saga. Unlike most Soviet volunteers serving in the Wehrmacht, the Georgians that took part in the uprising and survived it were not prosecuted by Stalin and his lackies, and were ,mostly seen as heroes.
This is a book that tears you in two, as much as you sympathize with the Georgian rebellions, you feel for the innocent Dutch civilians that lost their lives at this late stage of the war. Highly recommended reading for yet another interesting chapter in World War 2 history.
Описва последната битка от Втората световна война в Европа, която е на практика забравена. Действието се развива на малкия нидерландски остров Тексел. Годната е 1945. Грузински войници от Вермахта са изпратени далече от родината си, за да не дезертират към напредващата Червена армия. Западните съюзници също достигат границите на Германия и грузинците са уведомени, че в началото на април ще бъдат изпратени на фронтовата линия. Но те имат други идеи. През нощта организират бунт и убиват с щикове и ножове над 400 германски войници. Завземат почти целия остров, но това не се оказва достатъчно. Още на следващия ден нацистите изпращат подкрепления и си възвръщат контрол върху острова по изключително кървав начин. Звучи като роман, но е абсолютен исторически факт, който днес е практически непознат.
Съдбата на малцината оцелели след бунта е типична история от Студената война, която също навежда на много размисли. Горещо препоръчвам книгата на всеки, който се интересува от Втората световна война и последиците от нея.
რაღაცნაირი ავტორია ერიკ ლი: ერთის მხრივ მასებისთვის პოპულარული ენით წერს და მარტივად იკითხება და მეორეს მხრივ სწორედ ამ მარტივად გადმოცემული ინფორმაციის გამო მისი ცნობები ეჭვს იწვევს. ტექსელის ამბოხებაზე ბევრს ვერაფერს ვიტყვი. არ მიკვლევია და მზად ვარ მივიღო ის ინფორმაცია რაც ამ წიგნში წერია, მაგრამ 52-ე გვერდზე წერს, რომ მეორე მსოფლიო ომის დროს,როდესაც გერმანელები კავკასიისკენ დაიძრნენ, იქ არ შესულან, თუმცა სოხუმი, ფოთი და თბილისი მაინც დაბომბესო. აი მანდ შეიძლება დიდი კითხვის ნიშნის დასმა. მესმის გიყვარს საქართველო, შენი კვლევის საგანია აქ მომხდარი მოვლენები და მენშევიკებზე საერთოდ ლოცულობ, მაგრამ ასეთი ელემენტარული წუნი არ უნდა გაგეპაროს ნაშრომში.🤷🏻
მოკლედ, მზარეულია რომელიც ადვილად დასაღეჭ საჭმელს გაძლევს, მაგრამ გემოს ვერ ატან.
On 5 May 1945, the German forces in the Netherlands surrendered and the war was over. But not for all of them. On the small island of Texel off the coast of Holland, a battle that started on 5 April raged among former allies wearing German uniforms. The instigators were a unit of Georgian Wehrmacht soldiers that prematurely rose up against the German garrison only to find themselves in a fight to the death with German soldiers sent to crush them. Somewhere in this mix was the Dutch Resistance, themselves split along ideological lines, and the island’s civilians who mistakenly thought their war was over too. Eric Lee pulls together the strands of this confusing episode to present a remarkable tale of a little-known event. Lee begins with Georgia’s ties to Russia and Germany during and after WWI before moving on to Operation Barbarossa in June 1941 when the Germans attacked the Soviet Union, capturing millions of soldiers who they treated abysmally. Some Georgians, however, enlisted with the Germans to escape that particular hell. They were formed into units under German officers and served behind the lines on the Eastern Front, hunting Partisans, where they proved unreliable and prone to desertion. In 1944, the Georgian Legion was formed and the 822nd Battalion were posted to Texel in 1945. The island with its artillery defences formed a small but important cog in the German Atlantic Wall. By the time the Georgians arrived, they were riddled with anti-German sentiment and ripe for mutiny. They even helped the Dutch resistance. When ordered to the mainland to fight the Allies on 6 April, the Georgians pre-empted their move by attacking the Germans. But they did not capture the artillery batteries, and word got out, all the way to Hitler who ordered every Georgian killed. The Dutch Resistance joined in, but they too would get caught in the backlash. On 6 April, the German shelling began, then reinforcements arrived. The Georgians held out, hoping for the Allies to arrive, even sending a lifeboat for help, but none came. A guerrilla war broke out with no mercy given on either side, or to the Dutch civilians by the Germans. Lee points out that the Allies knew about the mutiny but left it to burn out. The Canadians finally arrived to intervene and evacuate the two contingents. Most of the Georgians ended up in Soviet prison camps for a short while but were not shot as per Stalin’s orders for turncoats. Lee continues with a discussion on the myth that arose around the Texel uprising and particularly the role the Soviet Union played in that propaganda, including a movie that was “a lie from beginning to end”. With renewed Georgian independence in 1991 came new commemorations, but much of the myth remains. Night of the Bayonets is one of those dramatic local events that casts a light on larger themes, thus it is a story deserving of a book. Eric Lee has therefore performed a valuable service writing what might be the definitive account. His writing is journalistic in style and a bit loose in places, but he holds the narrative together well. The uprising itself is given about one-third of the book, which seems a bit thin, particularly when Lee incorporates a few seemingly unrelated digressions. Lee’s efforts to place the Texel uprising in context are, however, useful for understanding its wider implications. I certainly came away from this book with a deeper knowledge of many facets of World War II that I had not considered before, and you cannot ask for much more than that.
1945 წლის 6 აპრილ კუნძულს ტექსილზე გერმანელების ხელში ჩავარდნილმა ქართველმა სამხედრო, უიარაღო და გამწარებულმა ტყვეებმა აჯანყება მოაწყვეს და გმირულად შეაკვდნენ მესამე რაიხის ჯარს. ჩვენ 572 კაცი დავკარგეთ, გერმანელებმა - 3000-მდე. ბრძოლები რამდენიმე კვირა გრძელდებოდა. კუნძულზე დღემდეა შემორჩენილი ქართული სასაფლაო. 1968 წელს, ჩვენმა რეჟისორმა შოთა მანაგაძემ, ამ ამბავზე მხატვრული ფილმი "ჯვარცმული კუნძული" გადაიღო, 2005 წელს კი კუნძულს მიხეილ სააკაშვილთან და სანდრა რულოვსთან ერთად, ილია II-ც ესტუმრა. ეს ძალიან საინტერესო და დინამიურად დაწერილი წიგნია, რომელიც შელამაზების გარეშე გააცოცხლებს ტექსიზლე დატრიალებული სისხლისღვრის ნამდვილ მიზეზს და სცენაზე გამოტანილი შელამაზებული დოკეორაციებით კი არ დაგვანახებს წლების განმავლობაში გამითებულ ამბავს, არამედ შიგნიდან მოგვიყვება იმ ისტორიას, რომელიც გმირულთან ერთად, ბევრად უფრო საზარელიცაა, სასოწარკვეთილიც, დაუნდობელიც, რისკიანიც და საინტერესოც ვიდრე მისი ჩვენამდე მოღწეული ლეგენდის ყალიბში გადადნობილი სადღეგრძელო.
I Enjoyed everything about this book there was nothing I didn't like about the book. I like the setting,the writing style,the plot,the plot twists and the characters in the book were amazing.I would gladly reread it again.
Recently, a film entitled "The Forgotten Battle"was released on the pay-TV platform Netflix. The facts told in the plot marginally touch one of the bloodiest battles of the second part of the Second World War, Arnhem. But this is a narrative trick to talk about the ensuing fighting in the Scheldt estuary. We are obviously in Holland, and Operation Market Garden, the launch of paratroopers on Arnhem (and other locations) to shorten the war and its failure costed very dearly to the Dutch population in the north of the country. Those long months until the end of the war were months of hunger, but of all the territories of the north of Holland at least one lived in peace and harmony, also having enough food to feed its population. This territory was the northernmost island of the country, Texel. As you will have understood after this preamble, the story of the book that I am going to present to you today, a book written by the historian Eric Lee and published by Greenhill Books, takes place right on that peaceful island in the North Sea, and is also the story of people very far from their homeland. In fact we are talking about the Georgian troops enlisted in the Wehrmacht and sent first to fight in anti-partisan actions on the soil of the occupied Soviet Union, and then moved to the west. In the accounts of the Normandy landings it is not difficult to come across stories of prisoners of various nationalities enrolled, voluntarily or forced, into the German troops. One of the most famous films "Saving Private Ryan" shows just two soldiers of Czechoslovak nationality trying to surrender to the American troops. The Georgian battalions were employed in that task, but one of them passed from the eastern front to the quiet island of Texel, where it lived peacefully almost until the end of the war, when it chose to revolt against the German troops and his own officers (also Germans). and to kill them in their sleep, giving start to what can surely be called the last battle of the war on the western front. Eric Lee's book describes well the relationship of love and hate of the Georgian people with the Germans, viewed favorably during the First World War in an anti-Russian and anti-Tsarist perspective, and then re-encountered in battle during the Nazi invasion of Soviet Union. Texel's Georgian revolt began on April 4, with the murder of German officers and soldiers. The operation, well planned at first, encountered two obstacles in the batteries placed to defend the island, which the rebel soldiers could not access. This and the escape of the commander of the Georgian 822 Battalion meant that the revolt soon found itself against insurmountable difficulties. In fact, the Germans immediately sent in reinforcements to suffocate the revolt. Eric Lee after reviewing the fighting locations and the island's population describes well the fighting that took place, although if I have to find a flaw in the book, this is the lack of maps to describe the location of the forces in the field. . The rebel Georgians initially assisted by the Dutch population (the communist partisans) found themselves first facing the Germans in a conventional way, then moving on to a phase of guerrilla warfare, ambushes and later were hunted down. This method, however, lengthened the revolt until well after the end of the fighting defined by the armistice in the west. The deadline was in fact May 20, 1945, The story of Texel's Georgian Uprising is a story I did not know. Eric Lee analyzes well the motivations of the Georgian troops, starting from the history of their homeland before being incorporated into the Soviet Union. At the same time it must be said that that of the Georgian troops was a different revolt from the many carried out (above all that of Prague by Vlasov, the Russian general who joined the Wehrmacht and formed a "liberation" army) with surprising results. What emerges from the book is a truly original story in which several parties (the Germans, the Georgians, the Dutch partisans, the local population) find themselves passing from a state of calm, peace and quiet waiting for the end of the war to one of chaos, death and tragedy. Eric Lee manages to tell this story with masterful balance and the book is really recommended for those who want to deepen a little-known story, the story of the last battles on the western front.
(See all of my Book Reviews) - Author Eric Lee (http://www.ericlee.info) published the book “Night of the Bayonets: The Texel Uprising and Hitler's Revenge, April–May 1945” in 2020. This is Mr. Lee's third publication.
I received an ARC of this novel through https://www.netgalley.com in return for a fair and honest review. I categorize this book as ‘PG’ because it contains scenes of Violence. The book focuses on the events transpiring in April and May of 1945 on the Dutch island of Texel.
I categorize this book as “PG” because it contains scenes of Violence. The book focuses on the events transpiring in April and May of 1945 on the Dutch island of Texel.
The Russians "recruited" men from the countries they controlled to join the Red Army. Among those were men from Georgia, which was then part of the Soviet Union. Many of these men were captured by the Germans. Their condition in POW camps was brutal. The Germans offered some the opportunity to 'volunteer'. They would form the Georgian Legion of the Wermacht. Many chose that over starvation.
This is the story of one Battalion of the Georgian Legion. The 822 Eastern Battalion. The 822 had seen service elsewhere, but they were posted to the Dutch island of Texel in January of 1945. They had an easy time there having very few confrontations with the Allies. They got along relatively well with both their German officers and the local Dutch civilians.
In April of 1945 word came down of a transfer of many of the 822 back to the mainland. From there they would move to the front lines to oppose the advancing Allies. The Georgians saw this as a death sentence and chose to revolt instead.
Early on the morning of Friday, April 6, the Georgian troops rose up against the Germans. They killed around 400 Germans posted to the island. The Georgians made initial headway in taking the island. They chose not to take any German prisoners.
Before long the Germans sent in reinforcements and the tide of battle turned. The Germans took the same approach to the Georgians, killing all they could find. The Germans aggressively pursued the Georgians on the island. Their efforts cause substantial damage and casualties to the Dutch. Of the 800 men in the Georgian 822, only 228 survived.
The Georgians did work with the Dutch resistance. The people on the island looked at their mutiny as their own liberation. Many of the Dutch helped to hide Georgian soldiers from the Germans. The war in Europe ended on May 8, 1945. The battle between the Georgians and Germans did not end until May 20. It only ended when Canadian troops arrived on the island.
The Dutch celebrate May 4th every year as National Remembrance Day. On Texel, ceremonies are held at the Georgian Military Cemetery on the island.
I thought that the 7+ hours I spent reading this history book were interesting. This was another book that I had never come across before. It does a very good job of giving a deep background. It also offered a good follow up as to what happened in the years following WWII. I am glad that I finished reading this book yesterday. I am fortunate to be able to post this review on the 75th Dutch National Remembrance Day. I like the chosen cover art. I give this book a 4 out of 5.
This is a story my generation is not very familiar with, eventhough I grew up in the Netherlands . Wish I could have asked my father.... The madness of World War two never ceases to amaze me. I enjoyed Eric's writing style . The book's content appears to be very well researched. I enjoyed the layout of the book; background, story , aftermath and conclusions. History and the facts according to whom you ask and when. Still true. Hope it will be translated into Dutch!
აუცილებლად წასაკითხი წიგნია, თუ გვსურს გავიგოთ, რა მოხდა რეალურად ტექსელზე 1945 წ. აპრილ-მაისში. ავტორი ცდილობს მითებისგან დაცლილი რეალობა დაგვანახოს, რომელიც არცთუ ისე ლამაზია და შორსაა იმ მონათხრობისგან, რომელსაც როგორც წესი ვისმენთ - ხოლმე ამ ამბავთან დაკავშირებით.
ერთ ვარსკვლავს იმ მიზეზის გამო ვაკლებ, რომ ხშირად ერთი და იგივე აზრები მეორდება და ზედმეტად გაწელილია.
ამის წაკითხვის შემდეგ ცოტათი გამეცინა როდესაც მივხვდი რომ არიან ქართველი ნეო ნაცისტები ვისაც ევასება ლეგიონი გინდ რომ გერმანელებს აუჯანყდნენ, ბევრი მათგანი დახოცეს და ამ დროს საბჭოთა დროშებს უშვებდნენ და სტალინს და კომუნიზმს მხარდამჭეროდბდნენ.