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India Is Broken: A People Betrayed, Independence to Today
When Indian leaders first took control of their government in 1947, they proclaimed the ideals of national unity and secular democracy. Through the first half century of nation-building, leaders could point to uneven but measurable progress on key goals, and after the mid-1980s, dire poverty declined for a few decades, inspiring declarations of victory. But today, a vast majority of Indians live in a state of underemployment, and are one crisis away from despair. Public goods—health, education, cities, air and water, and the judiciary—are in woeful condition. And good jobs will remain scarce as long as that is the case. The lack of jobs will further undermine democracy, which will further undermine job creation. India is Broken provides the most persuasive account available of this economic catch-22.
Challenging prevailing narratives, Mody contends that successive post-independence leaders, starting with its first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, failed to confront India's true economic problems, seeking easy solutions instead. As a popular frustration grew, and corruption in politics became pervasive, India's economic growth relied increasingly on unregulated finance, and environmentally destructive construction. The rise of a violent Hindutva has buried all prior norms in civic life and public accountability.
Combining statistical data with creative media, such as literature and cinema, to create strong, accessible, people-driven narratives, this book is a meditation on the interplay between democracy and economic progress, with lessons extending far beyond India. Mody proposes a path forward that is fraught with its own peril, but which nevertheless offers something resembling hope.
Challenging prevailing narratives, Mody contends that successive post-independence leaders, starting with its first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, failed to confront India's true economic problems, seeking easy solutions instead. As a popular frustration grew, and corruption in politics became pervasive, India's economic growth relied increasingly on unregulated finance, and environmentally destructive construction. The rise of a violent Hindutva has buried all prior norms in civic life and public accountability.
Combining statistical data with creative media, such as literature and cinema, to create strong, accessible, people-driven narratives, this book is a meditation on the interplay between democracy and economic progress, with lessons extending far beyond India. Mody proposes a path forward that is fraught with its own peril, but which nevertheless offers something resembling hope.
528 pages, Hardcover
Published February 14, 2023
121 people are currently reading
1190 people want to read
About the author
Ashoka Mody
53 books13 followersAshoka Mody (born 14 January 1956) is an Indian-born economist. He is Charles and Marie Robertson Visiting Professor in International Economic Policy at the Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University. Previously, he was Deputy Director in the International Monetary Fund's Research and European Departments.
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Displaying 1 - 30 of 42 reviews
March 3, 2023
Brilliantly researched & lucidly written this is a hard to put down book about the failures of Indian economic policy as well as its leadership from independence to the present. Though some may not agree with the relentless criticism this is an essential read to understand where we are & how we got here.
That said, it would have been helpful if some context had been provided for the decisions that have been criticised - to get a perspective as to the compulsions or thought processes that led to those decisions at those points in time.
Thin on prescribing solutions, the book is a cracking good read. Recommended.
That said, it would have been helpful if some context had been provided for the decisions that have been criticised - to get a perspective as to the compulsions or thought processes that led to those decisions at those points in time.
Thin on prescribing solutions, the book is a cracking good read. Recommended.
February 21, 2023
Refreshingly new perspective on India’s economic history post independence. Backed by reams of data. Will anger both the left and the right and hence seems truly unbiased.
June 10, 2023
The introduction is excellent, saying it is a history of India's attempt at creating employment for most of the population and failing at that - yet the book is often not structured around this central question, unfortunately. Nonetheless, it is an informative economic and political history of India since its independence.
It says that India's issues today is a cause of the "original sin" of Nehru's heavy industrialisation-oriented policies, who however were (1) unable to generate a lot of jobs, (2) encouraged politicians to focus on big projects over meaningful social improvements in healthcare, education, etc. and (3) was inherently flawed as medium-sized firms would have been effective at export-oriented industrialisation, a la Japan / Taiwan / South Korea.
I find this is a bit questionable, since to me it seems mostly political and social constraints blocked this from being successful - as China shows this is not a doomed approach. The emphasis on the importance of education and healthcare for industrialisation is however correct.
It also illustrates quite well how the liberalisation policies in the 1990s were not really particularly effective long-term, only increasing informal jobs mostly, while helping pave the path for Hindutva politics - with most growth being an after-effect of the Green Revolution.
It says that India's issues today is a cause of the "original sin" of Nehru's heavy industrialisation-oriented policies, who however were (1) unable to generate a lot of jobs, (2) encouraged politicians to focus on big projects over meaningful social improvements in healthcare, education, etc. and (3) was inherently flawed as medium-sized firms would have been effective at export-oriented industrialisation, a la Japan / Taiwan / South Korea.
I find this is a bit questionable, since to me it seems mostly political and social constraints blocked this from being successful - as China shows this is not a doomed approach. The emphasis on the importance of education and healthcare for industrialisation is however correct.
It also illustrates quite well how the liberalisation policies in the 1990s were not really particularly effective long-term, only increasing informal jobs mostly, while helping pave the path for Hindutva politics - with most growth being an after-effect of the Green Revolution.
May 18, 2023
An honest chronicle of the times of Independent India and how its leaders allowed ‘me-me-me’ to triumph over ‘we-we-we’ during the seventy-five years of Independence. The book describes how political leaders squandered chances to change India’s course to go on a high-growth trajectory and to eradicate poverty. Instead they failed to initiate policies favoring sustained growth in agriculture and industry. This resulted in an increased divide between the rich and the poor.
Prof Mody recounts in detail Nehru’s period of missed opportunity and misplaced priorities - tertiary education favored over primary schools, heavy industry over existing strengths in MSME and small entrepreneurship.There was a complete disregard to complaints about corruption; something that could have been easier tackled in the beginning.
During Indira’s time the systematic devaluation of democratic institutions, increased corruption, nepotism at all levels and populist short-term policies is described.
The two decades after Indira, the instability, corruption at all levels, violence and divisive tendencies strengthened the hand of the Hindutva brigade. This culminated in the victory of the present dispensation as the only possible solution to India’s poverty, unemployment and corruption. The author expounds on why he thinks there is a need to rethink and go back to basics.
The book is glittered with interesting, not-so-well known anecdotes and major cinema releases that highlighted contemporary situations. This makes for a compelling read !
Prof Mody recounts in detail Nehru’s period of missed opportunity and misplaced priorities - tertiary education favored over primary schools, heavy industry over existing strengths in MSME and small entrepreneurship.There was a complete disregard to complaints about corruption; something that could have been easier tackled in the beginning.
During Indira’s time the systematic devaluation of democratic institutions, increased corruption, nepotism at all levels and populist short-term policies is described.
The two decades after Indira, the instability, corruption at all levels, violence and divisive tendencies strengthened the hand of the Hindutva brigade. This culminated in the victory of the present dispensation as the only possible solution to India’s poverty, unemployment and corruption. The author expounds on why he thinks there is a need to rethink and go back to basics.
The book is glittered with interesting, not-so-well known anecdotes and major cinema releases that highlighted contemporary situations. This makes for a compelling read !
June 17, 2023
This book by Ashoka Mody is brilliant, insightful and depressing. As the title suggests, his thesis is that India is broken, and he set out to prove it.
The chronological approach he adopted is excellent. In India's context, this is the best approach because we understand how succeeding Prime Ministers have compounded errors made by the previous ones.
When I read the book, I understood the similarities between Modi and Indira Gandhi - a strongman and a strong woman.
Primary/secondary education and public health have been under-funded in India. For me, this was the biggest lesson and, I agree with this position. I have long argued about this.
Other issues:
- we have ignored the environment
- we have not democratised growth. Too much emphasis is on heavy industry and benefiting a small coterie of business people.
These lessons, the politician-criminal nexus, and the corruption come through.
When you read the book, you may feel India has no hope. It is here I disagree with the author. There is always hope. If he had spent some time looking at the positive side of the India story, then yes, the book may have been outstanding.
However, it is an excellent book with a coherent message.
The chronological approach he adopted is excellent. In India's context, this is the best approach because we understand how succeeding Prime Ministers have compounded errors made by the previous ones.
When I read the book, I understood the similarities between Modi and Indira Gandhi - a strongman and a strong woman.
Primary/secondary education and public health have been under-funded in India. For me, this was the biggest lesson and, I agree with this position. I have long argued about this.
Other issues:
- we have ignored the environment
- we have not democratised growth. Too much emphasis is on heavy industry and benefiting a small coterie of business people.
These lessons, the politician-criminal nexus, and the corruption come through.
When you read the book, you may feel India has no hope. It is here I disagree with the author. There is always hope. If he had spent some time looking at the positive side of the India story, then yes, the book may have been outstanding.
However, it is an excellent book with a coherent message.
August 25, 2025
Discover Why India Is Broken? A Gripping Analysis by Ashoka Mody
India Is Broken by Ashoka Mody explores the intersection between India's post-independence aspirations and its contemporary realities, offering a critical examination of the nation's developmental trajectory.
India Is Broken: A People Betrayed, Independence to Today examines how India has evolved since 1947. Mody, a well-known economist, combines data and stories to make his points clear.
The book takes a fair look at India's social and economic challenges. Mody covers the period from independence to today, giving readers useful insights into modern India.
About the Author: Ashoka Mody's Distinguished Background
Ashoka Mody offers a unique view of India's economy, shaped by his experience at leading universities and international financial organizations. In India Is Broken, Ashoka Mody demonstrates a strong understanding of how economies function globally.
Mody's enduring connection to India, despite his international career, informs his research with a sense of commitment and depth.
Academic Credentials and International Experience
At Princeton University, Mody is a visiting professor of international economic policy and teaches courses in public and international affairs. His work at the Woodrow Wilson School focuses on research in economic policy.
As an economic historian, Mody uses strong research methods that mix theory with real data to study economic trends. This gives his critique of India's economy a solid foundation.
As a visiting professor in international economic policy, Mody takes part in current debates and looks at India's economy from both past and present viewpoints.
World Bank and International Monetary Fund Expertise
Mody's time at the World Bank and International Monetary Fund gave him important insights. There, he saw the real challenges of economic reforms. This experience helps him understand India's economic path and how global policies connect with local needs.
While at the World Bank, Mody saw firsthand how policies impact people's lives. This background adds depth to his research and helps explain why some policies worked in India while others did not.
Book Overview: India Is Broken's Central Arguments
India Is Broken looks at how India has changed since independence. The book gives a new perspective on the country's journey from its early hopes to today's challenges, offering an honest view of its development.
The book covers decades of policy decisions and their outcomes. Mody shows how early mistakes added up over time and still affect India today.
Scope and Historical Timeline
The book looks at all of India's years since independence. It starts with Jawaharlal Nehru as the first Prime Minister in 1947, when India began its 'tryst with destiny.' Mody traces India's journey through different governments and highlights important events.
The author looks closely at each decade, examining policies, economic changes, and politics. Together, these details tell the story of modern India.
The timeline reveals patterns in governance that persist beyond individual leaders. Mody explains how early economic problems in India's newly independent economy persisted.
Core Thesis and Methodology
Mody argues that India has moved away from its promises of democracy and growth since 1947. He believes the country's system has not worked, irrespective of the government in power.
Mody uses both statistics and history, drawing from official data and cultural sources. This gives readers a broad view of India's growth challenges.
His writing is academic but still easy to follow. Almost a third of the book is made up of notes and references, showing how deeply he researched the topic.
The author remains neutral and focuses on what policies have achieved. This lets readers form their own opinions about India's path since independence.
Economic Analysis: Mody's Rigorous Assessment of India's Development
India Is Broken takes a close look at how India's economy has developed since independence. Mody examines the real effects of economic policies and points out ongoing barriers to steady growth.
Mody uses data and plain language to explain his points. He shows that many governments have cared more about appearances than real progress, creating a gap between promises and results.
Post-1947 Economic Policies and Their Consequences
The author revisits Nehru's early decisions to identify India's economic mistakes. These choices pushed the economy towards large projects, rather than creating jobs. This led to the construction of large industries, but not enough work for the people.
Mody shows how these early choices set a pattern that still exists today. By focusing on big projects, leaders overlooked key areas like basic education and healthcare. This imbalance has slowed fair growth.
The book makes an important point: how indian economic plans often ignored job creation. These plans have helped the wealthy but left many people without work, shaping India's growth problems.
Growth Patterns and Structural Challenges
Mody's main argument is about India's job crisis. He points out that even with growth, fewer people had jobs in 2021 than in 2011. This questions the idea that India's economy is truly doing well.
This job crisis reveals a major weakness in India's growth plan. Even after years of growth, not enough jobs have been created. Mody's work shows that GDP growth has not led to more employment.
India's problems extend beyond job creation to include failures in development. Not enough money has been spent on public goods. This has left big gaps in health, education, and infrastructure.
Mody also examines how institutions, such as the Reserve Bank of India, have failed. He demonstrates how poor coordination has exacerbated the situation. His insights help understand India's development challenges.
The book's economic analysis is thorough and well-researched. Mody looks at how economic policies impact people's lives. His work is both scholarly and practical, making it easier for readers to understand India today.
Bollywood References: Cinema as Economic and Social Commentary
Mody uses popular cinema to talk about the economy, looking at Bollywood films to help explain economic policies. This shows how movies reflect the society of their time.
By mixing statistics with media, Mody creates a strong, easy-to-understand story. This shows how culture shapes the way we see economics in India.
Films Reflecting Economic Realities
Mody says Bollywood films act like cultural thermometers. They show society's mood, hopes, and frustrations better than statistics can. His analysis shows how films from different times reflect changes in the economy.
Examining films from different eras reveals significant changes. Mody writes about the early days of cinema in India. These films showed the nation's dreams and goals after gaining independence.
Later, films became more cynical. Mody believes this shows growing doubt about economic progress. These changes in movies reflect the struggles of ordinary Indians caused by policy failures.
Cultural Narratives and Societal Circumstances
Mody's views show how Bollywood stories changed along with India's economic growth. As problems like corruption and inequality grew, films started to address these issues.
Ashoka Mody offers examples of films that captured economic moments. Each film illustrates how policy failures were experienced by individuals, making complex ideas more accessible.
This approach helps highlight the human side of economic choices. Mody suggests that culture gives us insights that traditional economics can miss. Films let us see how different generations in India think and feel.
This mix of different fields makes it easier to understand complex economic ideas. By combining data with cultural stories, Mody helps readers see how policy and society have changed in India since independence.
Political Economy Insights: Leadership and Institutional Analysis
The book looks closely at how different leaders have shaped India's democracy. Mody judges leaders by their policy results, not just their political views. He finds patterns that go beyond any one leader or party.
Mody focuses on real impacts, not just what leaders say. This helps readers see how Indian leaders have shaped the country. He gives both praise and criticism where it's due, across different periods.
Prime Ministerial Assessments from Nehru to Modi
Mody starts with Nehru, who was high on idealism but struggled to address India's primary economic problems and create enough employment. He praises Nehru's work on democracy but criticises his policies on education and jobs. These early choices compounded to create long-term economic problems which plagued future generations.
Mody also examines Indira Gandhi, showing how her actions weakened democracy and gave more power to a few. He focuses on the effects of her policies, not personal motives.
The book also covers Lal Bahadur Shastri and Narasimha Rao. Shastri is praised for his work in farming, while Rao's economic reforms are studied for their long-term impact. Mody aims to give a complete view of history.
Mody also gives a detailed review of Modi. He stays objective, looking at policy successes without getting caught up in current politics. This approach makes the book's insights valuable for the future.
Democratic Governance and Public Goods Provision
Mody looks at how Indian democracy has changed, from the Congress Party to the rise of Hindu nationalism. He shows how these shifts have affected how well the government works. He focuses on the country's problems instead of blaming individuals.
The book shows how weak institutions have hurt public services over time. Mody's look at recent problems in democracy reveals that weak institutions harm people, no matter which party is in charge. He stresses that strong institutions matter more than party loyalty.
Mody finds that many governance problems go beyond individual leaders. His work shows how both leadership and institutions have shaped India. He suggests solving these issues with more local control and community involvement.
Strengths of Mody's Analysis: What Makes This Book Exceptional
India Is Broken stands out for its careful analysis and clear writing. The book is well-researched but still easy to read, blending deep analysis with engaging writing. It combines academic detail and public interest better than most similar books.
Balanced Historical Perspective
Ashoka Mody's work is known for being fair over seven decades of India's history. He avoids the common biases found in many books about India. Mody makes his points without taking sides or idealizing any period.
He examines all political periods with the same careful analysis. Mody stays objective but is clear when criticizing policy mistakes. His fair critique covers leaders from Nehru to Modi.
Accessible Writing and Clear Arguments
The book is a rare blend of in-depth research and accessible writing. Pulitzer Prize winner Liaquat Ahamed praises it for its sharp critique of India's economic policies. He notes how Mody links key political events to economic failures.
Mody uses clear language with depth to make complex ideas accessible without resorting to jargon and sticking to the facts.
Comprehensive Data and Research Foundation
India Is Broken is a well-researched work, with nearly a third of it comprising of notes and references. This shows the quality of his work. Mody uses solid evidence to question simple explanations.
The research draws on many sources, from government data to cultural materials. This approach addresses major issues facing Indians today. It makes the book both trustworthy and engaging for readers.
Minor Limitations: Areas Where the Book Could Be Stronger
While the book is a major academic achievement, a few small limitations keep it from giving a complete picture of India's development challenges.
The author's emphasis on identifying systemic issues occasionally leaves readers seeking further elaboration. Although the book acknowledges reductions in extreme poverty and uneven progress, its focus on major challenges may overshadow incremental achievements.
Limited Discussion of Possible Solutions
Mody is great at pointing out India's main problems but offers fewer solutions. By not providing easy answers, the book feels more honest, although it may not help policymakers seeking clear steps to take.
But the book doesn't fully explore how global successes could be applied elsewhere in the Indian context. It discusses environmental damage affecting air and water quality, but doesn't offer sufficient solutions.
Occasional Oversimplification of Complex Issues
Although the book often delves into detail, some complex topics are occasionally simplified. This helps more people understand the book.
Mody also avoids making general statements, but some complex issues could be explored more deeply, for example, the relationships between central and state governments receive less attention.
These minor issues don't lessen the book's major strengths. It still stands out as a detailed look at India's development.
Conclusion: A Valuable Contribution to Understanding Modern India
'India is Broken' by Ashoka Mody is a standout scholarly work that looks closely at India's journey since independence. It encourages readers to think critically about how the country has been governed.
Mody's analysis shows the big challenges that have taken India away from its democratic roots. His balanced view of India's politics and economy gives deep insights without resorting to sensationalism.
This book is a must-read for anyone who wants to understand India's future challenges. 'India is Broken' by Ashoka Mody gives a detailed look at the country's problems, not just criticism. It examines India's institutional flaws with careful research.
The book is far from being polemical, providing a thorough analysis of India's economic policies and their lasting effects. It also offers lessons for other developing democracies. This excellent book on modern India is praised for its strong research, clear writing, and important policy insights. It leaves a lasting impression on the reader and will remain an important reference book to return to in the future.
My Rating: 4.5
Book Details:
• Paperback
• Total pages: 512
• Genre: Non-Fiction/History/Economics
• India Is Broken: A People Betrayed, Independence to Today by Ashoka Mody
Find more of my reviews at: https://www.hillyreviews.com/
India Is Broken by Ashoka Mody explores the intersection between India's post-independence aspirations and its contemporary realities, offering a critical examination of the nation's developmental trajectory.
India Is Broken: A People Betrayed, Independence to Today examines how India has evolved since 1947. Mody, a well-known economist, combines data and stories to make his points clear.
The book takes a fair look at India's social and economic challenges. Mody covers the period from independence to today, giving readers useful insights into modern India.
About the Author: Ashoka Mody's Distinguished Background
Ashoka Mody offers a unique view of India's economy, shaped by his experience at leading universities and international financial organizations. In India Is Broken, Ashoka Mody demonstrates a strong understanding of how economies function globally.
Mody's enduring connection to India, despite his international career, informs his research with a sense of commitment and depth.
Academic Credentials and International Experience
At Princeton University, Mody is a visiting professor of international economic policy and teaches courses in public and international affairs. His work at the Woodrow Wilson School focuses on research in economic policy.
As an economic historian, Mody uses strong research methods that mix theory with real data to study economic trends. This gives his critique of India's economy a solid foundation.
As a visiting professor in international economic policy, Mody takes part in current debates and looks at India's economy from both past and present viewpoints.
World Bank and International Monetary Fund Expertise
Mody's time at the World Bank and International Monetary Fund gave him important insights. There, he saw the real challenges of economic reforms. This experience helps him understand India's economic path and how global policies connect with local needs.
While at the World Bank, Mody saw firsthand how policies impact people's lives. This background adds depth to his research and helps explain why some policies worked in India while others did not.
Book Overview: India Is Broken's Central Arguments
India Is Broken looks at how India has changed since independence. The book gives a new perspective on the country's journey from its early hopes to today's challenges, offering an honest view of its development.
The book covers decades of policy decisions and their outcomes. Mody shows how early mistakes added up over time and still affect India today.
Scope and Historical Timeline
The book looks at all of India's years since independence. It starts with Jawaharlal Nehru as the first Prime Minister in 1947, when India began its 'tryst with destiny.' Mody traces India's journey through different governments and highlights important events.
The author looks closely at each decade, examining policies, economic changes, and politics. Together, these details tell the story of modern India.
The timeline reveals patterns in governance that persist beyond individual leaders. Mody explains how early economic problems in India's newly independent economy persisted.
Core Thesis and Methodology
Mody argues that India has moved away from its promises of democracy and growth since 1947. He believes the country's system has not worked, irrespective of the government in power.
Mody uses both statistics and history, drawing from official data and cultural sources. This gives readers a broad view of India's growth challenges.
His writing is academic but still easy to follow. Almost a third of the book is made up of notes and references, showing how deeply he researched the topic.
The author remains neutral and focuses on what policies have achieved. This lets readers form their own opinions about India's path since independence.
Economic Analysis: Mody's Rigorous Assessment of India's Development
India Is Broken takes a close look at how India's economy has developed since independence. Mody examines the real effects of economic policies and points out ongoing barriers to steady growth.
Mody uses data and plain language to explain his points. He shows that many governments have cared more about appearances than real progress, creating a gap between promises and results.
Post-1947 Economic Policies and Their Consequences
The author revisits Nehru's early decisions to identify India's economic mistakes. These choices pushed the economy towards large projects, rather than creating jobs. This led to the construction of large industries, but not enough work for the people.
Mody shows how these early choices set a pattern that still exists today. By focusing on big projects, leaders overlooked key areas like basic education and healthcare. This imbalance has slowed fair growth.
The book makes an important point: how indian economic plans often ignored job creation. These plans have helped the wealthy but left many people without work, shaping India's growth problems.
Growth Patterns and Structural Challenges
Mody's main argument is about India's job crisis. He points out that even with growth, fewer people had jobs in 2021 than in 2011. This questions the idea that India's economy is truly doing well.
"There were not enough jobs in 1950, when Jawaharlal Nehru was prime minister, and the jobs crisis, if anything, has become steadily more acute. There were fewer people employed in 2021, than in 2011; this was so at a time when 7 million to 9 million new job aspirants entered the market every year."
This job crisis reveals a major weakness in India's growth plan. Even after years of growth, not enough jobs have been created. Mody's work shows that GDP growth has not led to more employment.
India's problems extend beyond job creation to include failures in development. Not enough money has been spent on public goods. This has left big gaps in health, education, and infrastructure.
Mody also examines how institutions, such as the Reserve Bank of India, have failed. He demonstrates how poor coordination has exacerbated the situation. His insights help understand India's development challenges.
The book's economic analysis is thorough and well-researched. Mody looks at how economic policies impact people's lives. His work is both scholarly and practical, making it easier for readers to understand India today.
Bollywood References: Cinema as Economic and Social Commentary
Mody uses popular cinema to talk about the economy, looking at Bollywood films to help explain economic policies. This shows how movies reflect the society of their time.
By mixing statistics with media, Mody creates a strong, easy-to-understand story. This shows how culture shapes the way we see economics in India.
Films Reflecting Economic Realities
Mody says Bollywood films act like cultural thermometers. They show society's mood, hopes, and frustrations better than statistics can. His analysis shows how films from different times reflect changes in the economy.
Examining films from different eras reveals significant changes. Mody writes about the early days of cinema in India. These films showed the nation's dreams and goals after gaining independence.
Later, films became more cynical. Mody believes this shows growing doubt about economic progress. These changes in movies reflect the struggles of ordinary Indians caused by policy failures.
Cultural Narratives and Societal Circumstances
Mody's views show how Bollywood stories changed along with India's economic growth. As problems like corruption and inequality grew, films started to address these issues.
Ashoka Mody offers examples of films that captured economic moments. Each film illustrates how policy failures were experienced by individuals, making complex ideas more accessible.
This approach helps highlight the human side of economic choices. Mody suggests that culture gives us insights that traditional economics can miss. Films let us see how different generations in India think and feel.
This mix of different fields makes it easier to understand complex economic ideas. By combining data with cultural stories, Mody helps readers see how policy and society have changed in India since independence.
Political Economy Insights: Leadership and Institutional Analysis
The book looks closely at how different leaders have shaped India's democracy. Mody judges leaders by their policy results, not just their political views. He finds patterns that go beyond any one leader or party.
Mody focuses on real impacts, not just what leaders say. This helps readers see how Indian leaders have shaped the country. He gives both praise and criticism where it's due, across different periods.
Prime Ministerial Assessments from Nehru to Modi
Mody starts with Nehru, who was high on idealism but struggled to address India's primary economic problems and create enough employment. He praises Nehru's work on democracy but criticises his policies on education and jobs. These early choices compounded to create long-term economic problems which plagued future generations.
Mody also examines Indira Gandhi, showing how her actions weakened democracy and gave more power to a few. He focuses on the effects of her policies, not personal motives.
The book also covers Lal Bahadur Shastri and Narasimha Rao. Shastri is praised for his work in farming, while Rao's economic reforms are studied for their long-term impact. Mody aims to give a complete view of history.
Mody also gives a detailed review of Modi. He stays objective, looking at policy successes without getting caught up in current politics. This approach makes the book's insights valuable for the future.
Democratic Governance and Public Goods Provision
Mody looks at how Indian democracy has changed, from the Congress Party to the rise of Hindu nationalism. He shows how these shifts have affected how well the government works. He focuses on the country's problems instead of blaming individuals.
The book shows how weak institutions have hurt public services over time. Mody's look at recent problems in democracy reveals that weak institutions harm people, no matter which party is in charge. He stresses that strong institutions matter more than party loyalty.
Mody finds that many governance problems go beyond individual leaders. His work shows how both leadership and institutions have shaped India. He suggests solving these issues with more local control and community involvement.
Strengths of Mody's Analysis: What Makes This Book Exceptional
India Is Broken stands out for its careful analysis and clear writing. The book is well-researched but still easy to read, blending deep analysis with engaging writing. It combines academic detail and public interest better than most similar books.
Balanced Historical Perspective
Ashoka Mody's work is known for being fair over seven decades of India's history. He avoids the common biases found in many books about India. Mody makes his points without taking sides or idealizing any period.
He examines all political periods with the same careful analysis. Mody stays objective but is clear when criticizing policy mistakes. His fair critique covers leaders from Nehru to Modi.
Accessible Writing and Clear Arguments
The book is a rare blend of in-depth research and accessible writing. Pulitzer Prize winner Liaquat Ahamed praises it for its sharp critique of India's economic policies. He notes how Mody links key political events to economic failures.
"India is Broken is a masterful, wonderfully readable but searing indictment of the failures of Indian economic policy. Brilliantly weaving into his account a history of the key political events of the era, Mody chronicles how a dismal catalogue of flawed economic strategies and a dysfunctional political system have led to a country that is unable to produce enough jobs, where religious divisions keep growing, and inequality is relentlessly rising."
Mody uses clear language with depth to make complex ideas accessible without resorting to jargon and sticking to the facts.
Comprehensive Data and Research Foundation
India Is Broken is a well-researched work, with nearly a third of it comprising of notes and references. This shows the quality of his work. Mody uses solid evidence to question simple explanations.
The research draws on many sources, from government data to cultural materials. This approach addresses major issues facing Indians today. It makes the book both trustworthy and engaging for readers.
Minor Limitations: Areas Where the Book Could Be Stronger
While the book is a major academic achievement, a few small limitations keep it from giving a complete picture of India's development challenges.
The author's emphasis on identifying systemic issues occasionally leaves readers seeking further elaboration. Although the book acknowledges reductions in extreme poverty and uneven progress, its focus on major challenges may overshadow incremental achievements.
Limited Discussion of Possible Solutions
Mody is great at pointing out India's main problems but offers fewer solutions. By not providing easy answers, the book feels more honest, although it may not help policymakers seeking clear steps to take.
But the book doesn't fully explore how global successes could be applied elsewhere in the Indian context. It discusses environmental damage affecting air and water quality, but doesn't offer sufficient solutions.
Occasional Oversimplification of Complex Issues
Although the book often delves into detail, some complex topics are occasionally simplified. This helps more people understand the book.
Mody also avoids making general statements, but some complex issues could be explored more deeply, for example, the relationships between central and state governments receive less attention.
These minor issues don't lessen the book's major strengths. It still stands out as a detailed look at India's development.
Conclusion: A Valuable Contribution to Understanding Modern India
'India is Broken' by Ashoka Mody is a standout scholarly work that looks closely at India's journey since independence. It encourages readers to think critically about how the country has been governed.
Mody's analysis shows the big challenges that have taken India away from its democratic roots. His balanced view of India's politics and economy gives deep insights without resorting to sensationalism.
This book is a must-read for anyone who wants to understand India's future challenges. 'India is Broken' by Ashoka Mody gives a detailed look at the country's problems, not just criticism. It examines India's institutional flaws with careful research.
The book is far from being polemical, providing a thorough analysis of India's economic policies and their lasting effects. It also offers lessons for other developing democracies. This excellent book on modern India is praised for its strong research, clear writing, and important policy insights. It leaves a lasting impression on the reader and will remain an important reference book to return to in the future.
My Rating: 4.5
Book Details:
• Paperback
• Total pages: 512
• Genre: Non-Fiction/History/Economics
• India Is Broken: A People Betrayed, Independence to Today by Ashoka Mody
Find more of my reviews at: https://www.hillyreviews.com/
June 18, 2023
The evolution, and perennial blind spots, of India’s economic policies from independence to today told in an easy narrative style. From Nehru’s distaste for policy implementation through Shastri’s brief intervention, Indira’s cynicism and hubris, Narasimha Rao and Manmohan Singh’s reforms as well as the Vajpayee years to today’s Modi era, the book highlights the failure to learn from other Asian countries - from Japan and Korea, to Vietnam and Bangladesh - the criticality of investments in education and health to generate productive employment and consequently successful manufacturing industries, exports and competitive advantage. Beyond that central thesis however it is the panoramic view of the past 75 years and the non-partisan critique of strong women, strong men and everything in between that provides a sobering recognition of the pattern of choice making that has led to the institutional and moral decay we currently confront. I think it diminishes the significance of caste as a factor and understates the role of civil society as the only mitigating force. The solutions the epilogue proposes are self-confessedly idealistic but bear thinking about. Highly recommended read.
December 7, 2024
Bollywood Economics: A Review of India is Broken
Ashoka Mody's India is Broken offers a unique and engaging perspective on 75 years of missed economic opportunities in India. By drawing on the evocative power of Bollywood cinema, Mody skillfully intertwines politics, economics, and popular culture to illuminate complex issues. This approach makes the book accessible to a wide audience and transforms what could have been a dry academic analysis into a captivating narrative.
Mody's analysis is both insightful and critical, examining the impact of well-intentioned political novices, hubris, and outright malice on India's economic trajectory. The book's strength lies in its ability to connect historical events with contemporary challenges, providing a nuanced understanding of India's economic development.
By blending economic theory with cinematic references, Mody has created a truly original work that will appeal to both scholars and casual readers alike. India is Broken is a must-read for anyone interested in India's post-independence journey.
Ashoka Mody's India is Broken offers a unique and engaging perspective on 75 years of missed economic opportunities in India. By drawing on the evocative power of Bollywood cinema, Mody skillfully intertwines politics, economics, and popular culture to illuminate complex issues. This approach makes the book accessible to a wide audience and transforms what could have been a dry academic analysis into a captivating narrative.
Mody's analysis is both insightful and critical, examining the impact of well-intentioned political novices, hubris, and outright malice on India's economic trajectory. The book's strength lies in its ability to connect historical events with contemporary challenges, providing a nuanced understanding of India's economic development.
By blending economic theory with cinematic references, Mody has created a truly original work that will appeal to both scholars and casual readers alike. India is Broken is a must-read for anyone interested in India's post-independence journey.
March 31, 2023
I thought this was a well-researched book that offers a fairly unbiased look at India's key economic and democratic indicators post-independence. I found the chapters on the Emergency years particularly enlightening because this is a period of history that isn't covered much in history classes. The excesses of executive power are particularly troubling, as are the complete excising of civil liberties from opposition politicians. Also, Rajiv Gandhi really stuck out to me as an Indian Nero, with his penchant for forced male sterilisation drives, his corrupt inner circle and failure re: the Maruti car (intended to be a people's car: affordable for the masses) and his inglorious end (dying in a plane crash along with his flight instructor while performing dangerous manoeuvres).
Medium-length. Took me 3 days or so to chug through.
Medium-length. Took me 3 days or so to chug through.
December 31, 2025
It is not easy to write a 500 page socio-economic history of the world's largest democracy and make it read like an inter-generational thriller, but Ashoka Mody has done it.
I never really understood the inner workings of the country of my birth. From the cult-like status that political figures seem to gain so easily to the stories of Indian progress that filter through, it always felt a bit off. Why was I still getting the feeling every time I visited that, at the grassroots, things were still the same while the press in India was singing praises of progress? There were still partially-employed, less than minimum wage workers lining the city streets, pollution seemed to be getting perpetually worse, and news of religious and social violence seemed to be in constant circulation. In the beginning, it was tempting to label the lack of change as ‘quaint’ and write it off as a birth trait of the Indian ‘system’, i.e. slow but workable if you knew the tricks. But this blind rationalization can only take you so far. Ashoka Mody has made a brilliant attempt at clearing out this sense of discomfort by dissecting, starting from the moment India was declared an independent republic in 1947 till ~2023, step by step, the major social, political and economic decisions that made India what it is today.
It is a bleak history where Mody defines how public goods (education, environment, gender equality, judiciary etc) were deprioritized, time and again, with the unfortunate consequence of continued weak job creation ability, dying rivers and a climate catastrophe portending a social and political collapse. You’d be forgiven for falling into a spiral of doom and gloom after reading this book, with the final chapter even being a call to build a whole new ‘civic consciousness’ and sense of morality in the country. That being said, understanding the ‘why’ is the first step towards building your own picture of what works, what doesn’t and what kind of an India we’d like to see in the next 75 years.
The book is structured in easily digestible chapters and sections following a timeline from Aug 1947 to right after the COVID-19 era and the author's time in the IMF enables him to translate topics in National monetary policy, International Financial Aid and their socio-economic consequences in an accessible manner, the likes of which I have not seen before. It is extremely well written but stops just short of being a ‘pop-economics’ airport read, lending it the credibility that such work deserves. No top 10 listicles here but cold, hard analysis supported by facts (20% of the book’s 510pg heft is dedicated to notes and the Index!) and delivered in a way that leaves you constantly wondering…’and then what happened?’
The book is not just an economic history but very much a social one and this is underscored with references to films that are contemporary of the time being written about, from the collective frustration of educated young Bengalis shown in 1970s Pratidwandi (Satyajit Ray) to how the ’angry young man’ trope of 70s Hindi films have migrated to Tamil and other Southern films of today. I love the passage in Chapter 13 showing the arc taken by Raj Kapoor’s films starting from the idealism in 1951s Awaara, through the dismay but silent determination in Jis Desh Mei Ganga Behti Hai all the way through to the complete loss of hope in 1985s Ram Teri Ganga Maili.
This is my best read of 2025, hands down. I’m taking away context and a much deeper understanding of why the country is where it is today. The question now changes from ‘And then what happened?’ to ‘Where do we go from here?’. Highly recommended!
I never really understood the inner workings of the country of my birth. From the cult-like status that political figures seem to gain so easily to the stories of Indian progress that filter through, it always felt a bit off. Why was I still getting the feeling every time I visited that, at the grassroots, things were still the same while the press in India was singing praises of progress? There were still partially-employed, less than minimum wage workers lining the city streets, pollution seemed to be getting perpetually worse, and news of religious and social violence seemed to be in constant circulation. In the beginning, it was tempting to label the lack of change as ‘quaint’ and write it off as a birth trait of the Indian ‘system’, i.e. slow but workable if you knew the tricks. But this blind rationalization can only take you so far. Ashoka Mody has made a brilliant attempt at clearing out this sense of discomfort by dissecting, starting from the moment India was declared an independent republic in 1947 till ~2023, step by step, the major social, political and economic decisions that made India what it is today.
It is a bleak history where Mody defines how public goods (education, environment, gender equality, judiciary etc) were deprioritized, time and again, with the unfortunate consequence of continued weak job creation ability, dying rivers and a climate catastrophe portending a social and political collapse. You’d be forgiven for falling into a spiral of doom and gloom after reading this book, with the final chapter even being a call to build a whole new ‘civic consciousness’ and sense of morality in the country. That being said, understanding the ‘why’ is the first step towards building your own picture of what works, what doesn’t and what kind of an India we’d like to see in the next 75 years.
The book is structured in easily digestible chapters and sections following a timeline from Aug 1947 to right after the COVID-19 era and the author's time in the IMF enables him to translate topics in National monetary policy, International Financial Aid and their socio-economic consequences in an accessible manner, the likes of which I have not seen before. It is extremely well written but stops just short of being a ‘pop-economics’ airport read, lending it the credibility that such work deserves. No top 10 listicles here but cold, hard analysis supported by facts (20% of the book’s 510pg heft is dedicated to notes and the Index!) and delivered in a way that leaves you constantly wondering…’and then what happened?’
The book is not just an economic history but very much a social one and this is underscored with references to films that are contemporary of the time being written about, from the collective frustration of educated young Bengalis shown in 1970s Pratidwandi (Satyajit Ray) to how the ’angry young man’ trope of 70s Hindi films have migrated to Tamil and other Southern films of today. I love the passage in Chapter 13 showing the arc taken by Raj Kapoor’s films starting from the idealism in 1951s Awaara, through the dismay but silent determination in Jis Desh Mei Ganga Behti Hai all the way through to the complete loss of hope in 1985s Ram Teri Ganga Maili.
This is my best read of 2025, hands down. I’m taking away context and a much deeper understanding of why the country is where it is today. The question now changes from ‘And then what happened?’ to ‘Where do we go from here?’. Highly recommended!
July 18, 2025
We often perceive India through a lens shaped by media controlled or influenced by the country’s political and economic elite. That was one of my first reflections while reading this deeply engaging and thought-provoking book. Professor Ashoka Mody offers an alternative narrative—one that is grounded in data, historical analysis, and critical reflection. It challenges the dominant image of India as a thriving democracy on an inevitable path to prosperity.
One of my key takeaways is this: the reality of modern India may be significantly different from what we are led to believe. Mody’s account presents a country derailed from its founding ideals, where inequality, institutional decay, and social fragmentation threaten to overwhelm democratic structures.
This is not a hopeful story. It is richer, more nuanced, and certainly more unsettling than the optimistic picture often painted by official discourse. For those who care deeply about India—its culture, its contributions to civilization, and its democratic promise—this book is both enlightening and painful. What has India become? And more worryingly, what is it on track to become?
Mody’s work is not mere opinion. It is rigorously researched, with almost a third of the volume dedicated to notes and references, underscoring its academic strength. The book is a scholarly warning, thoroughly grounded in history and economics, and written with both precision and urgency.
The core thesis is sobering: India has been hijacked by forces that undermine its social contract. Instead of inclusive development and welfare, the country is plagued by rising inequality, weakened institutions, and a political climate increasingly hostile to dissent and diversity. The parallels with other democracies in crisis—particularly the United States and its growing inequality and elite capture—are striking. But Mody suggests that India may be further along this troubling path.
Is there hope? In the final chapters, the book does gesture toward a possible path forward. Kerala—one of the few states with consistent investment in education, healthcare, and local empowerment—is presented as a rare beacon. Mody advocates for decentralization and grassroots, community-driven development focused on human capital. But he also asks the hard question: is there enough collective will, or critical mass, to trigger a peaceful but decisive transformation?
"India is Broken" is a remarkable achievement—balanced in its analysis, dense with facts, and powerful in its implications. It is essential reading for anyone who wishes to understand the deeper currents shaping the future of the world’s largest democracy. Far from polemical, it is a scholarly diagnosis of a patient in critical condition, and a loud alarm bell for those willing to hear it.
Highly recommended.
One of my key takeaways is this: the reality of modern India may be significantly different from what we are led to believe. Mody’s account presents a country derailed from its founding ideals, where inequality, institutional decay, and social fragmentation threaten to overwhelm democratic structures.
This is not a hopeful story. It is richer, more nuanced, and certainly more unsettling than the optimistic picture often painted by official discourse. For those who care deeply about India—its culture, its contributions to civilization, and its democratic promise—this book is both enlightening and painful. What has India become? And more worryingly, what is it on track to become?
Mody’s work is not mere opinion. It is rigorously researched, with almost a third of the volume dedicated to notes and references, underscoring its academic strength. The book is a scholarly warning, thoroughly grounded in history and economics, and written with both precision and urgency.
The core thesis is sobering: India has been hijacked by forces that undermine its social contract. Instead of inclusive development and welfare, the country is plagued by rising inequality, weakened institutions, and a political climate increasingly hostile to dissent and diversity. The parallels with other democracies in crisis—particularly the United States and its growing inequality and elite capture—are striking. But Mody suggests that India may be further along this troubling path.
Is there hope? In the final chapters, the book does gesture toward a possible path forward. Kerala—one of the few states with consistent investment in education, healthcare, and local empowerment—is presented as a rare beacon. Mody advocates for decentralization and grassroots, community-driven development focused on human capital. But he also asks the hard question: is there enough collective will, or critical mass, to trigger a peaceful but decisive transformation?
"India is Broken" is a remarkable achievement—balanced in its analysis, dense with facts, and powerful in its implications. It is essential reading for anyone who wishes to understand the deeper currents shaping the future of the world’s largest democracy. Far from polemical, it is a scholarly diagnosis of a patient in critical condition, and a loud alarm bell for those willing to hear it.
Highly recommended.
June 27, 2024
I was heavily inclined to consider this as just another tirade by an old, opinionated and well-to-do uncle with an American degree who has given up citizenship of the country for greener pastures.
The book did not change my view although it tempered the extent of my prejudiced dismissal of the entire book. I was drawn to the author's work after having read his editorial on The Hindu that criticized the ill-effects of consumption and borrowing in the long term. His observations were based on facts that seem to be glossed over by most intellectuals and professionals. The book contains rich and well-documented traces of observation and reliable sources.
It is a sobering account of the "India growth story" and quite sober as well. The phrase " It's too good to be true " finds ready acceptance but I noticed me often sighing " It's too bad to be true " after going through reams and reams of negative attacks on the entire Indian economic story since Nehru. Everything that was considered good has been demonstrated or demolished as bad and negative; this without break for the 400 odd pages with only a portion of the last 10 pages even offering a hint of optimism or prescription.
I can understand that in this time and age of propaganda and fake chest-beating, the author's critique cuts at both the Left and the Right and far more deeper too, gaining a notional and plausible acceptance among the affected middle class and intelligentsia.
I agree with most of his prescriptions which I share in common such as - Decentralised political and financial decision-making, norms that promote good, honest and progressive practice among citizens, long-term solutions and the focus on tangible outcomes over inflated numbers. But I can also gather that the author believes in a form of "true, untested" socialism and displays a heavily collective-oriented thinking; both are two fundamentals I disagree with.
The well-narrated and well-researched aspects of the book is what prompt me to engage with it and treat it on par with a work of intellectual effort. But I was put off by the author's biases and excessive dysphoria with a country he abandoned years ago. I wish he sees the potential of the rational youth (who he either decries as militant Hindu or products of sub-par education)and other individuals in India who are working on wonderful things, looking forward to a future with a sense of optimism and purpose.
The book did not change my view although it tempered the extent of my prejudiced dismissal of the entire book. I was drawn to the author's work after having read his editorial on The Hindu that criticized the ill-effects of consumption and borrowing in the long term. His observations were based on facts that seem to be glossed over by most intellectuals and professionals. The book contains rich and well-documented traces of observation and reliable sources.
It is a sobering account of the "India growth story" and quite sober as well. The phrase " It's too good to be true " finds ready acceptance but I noticed me often sighing " It's too bad to be true " after going through reams and reams of negative attacks on the entire Indian economic story since Nehru. Everything that was considered good has been demonstrated or demolished as bad and negative; this without break for the 400 odd pages with only a portion of the last 10 pages even offering a hint of optimism or prescription.
I can understand that in this time and age of propaganda and fake chest-beating, the author's critique cuts at both the Left and the Right and far more deeper too, gaining a notional and plausible acceptance among the affected middle class and intelligentsia.
I agree with most of his prescriptions which I share in common such as - Decentralised political and financial decision-making, norms that promote good, honest and progressive practice among citizens, long-term solutions and the focus on tangible outcomes over inflated numbers. But I can also gather that the author believes in a form of "true, untested" socialism and displays a heavily collective-oriented thinking; both are two fundamentals I disagree with.
The well-narrated and well-researched aspects of the book is what prompt me to engage with it and treat it on par with a work of intellectual effort. But I was put off by the author's biases and excessive dysphoria with a country he abandoned years ago. I wish he sees the potential of the rational youth (who he either decries as militant Hindu or products of sub-par education)and other individuals in India who are working on wonderful things, looking forward to a future with a sense of optimism and purpose.
February 14, 2024
- I am very glad I read this book. It is perhaps the best collection of examples and arguments for the weakness of the India development story. Mody argues that on broad measures of human development India's progress lags well behind the standard narrative of a booming country. He details the history of criminal-politican nexus in India, and ties the country's weak development to the growth of Hindutva ideology. If you are looking for India bear case arguments, Mody has examples for every issue you can think of.
- That said, the narrative is one-sided and takes a glass half-empty view on basically everything, even when the glass used to be even emptier! India has made remarkable progress in the past 30 years especially when set against the prior 40. The book also lacks comparative perspective. India has done better than most peers in the past few decades. Comparing it solely to the Asian tigers is a bit unfair. Mody's constant gloominess reduces the credibility of his overall take.
- That said (again), because most international economics writing about India doesn't dare to be so critical, Mody's approach is somewhat refreshing. He also is almost equally critical of Congress and the BJP (including on political matters), another unique aspect. Ultimately, it is an important read to balance the standard perspective for those interested in the India development story.
- That said, the narrative is one-sided and takes a glass half-empty view on basically everything, even when the glass used to be even emptier! India has made remarkable progress in the past 30 years especially when set against the prior 40. The book also lacks comparative perspective. India has done better than most peers in the past few decades. Comparing it solely to the Asian tigers is a bit unfair. Mody's constant gloominess reduces the credibility of his overall take.
- That said (again), because most international economics writing about India doesn't dare to be so critical, Mody's approach is somewhat refreshing. He also is almost equally critical of Congress and the BJP (including on political matters), another unique aspect. Ultimately, it is an important read to balance the standard perspective for those interested in the India development story.
September 17, 2023
If you want a quick recap of the history of independent India, this is the book to read, albeit with the single perspective of pessimism.
From economic troubles to lack of focus on primary education and low-skill manufacturing, dirty dynasty politics to scams and corruption, this book attempts to cover it all. A comprehensive narrative is woven through multiple characters, events, anecdotes and data which compels the reader to turn page after page. I read this book on the Kindle and earmarked several pages. It's a book I'd definitely think of buying and owning in the hardcopy form (once I finish reading the books I already own!)
My only qualm about this book (and the author) was that it didn't appeal to the funambulist in me and strike a balance. It felt like it was presenting only one side of the story. Yes the title says "India is broken" but all the facts and figures presented paint such a grim picture that it feels like "India is defeated". If there's no hope for the nation, why bother about anything at all? And while you'd agree that's not the case, why is the current outlook so dim?
I need to balance this out with a book that sings praises of current India. However, my dejected mood non-withstanding, I'd urge everyone to read this book.
From economic troubles to lack of focus on primary education and low-skill manufacturing, dirty dynasty politics to scams and corruption, this book attempts to cover it all. A comprehensive narrative is woven through multiple characters, events, anecdotes and data which compels the reader to turn page after page. I read this book on the Kindle and earmarked several pages. It's a book I'd definitely think of buying and owning in the hardcopy form (once I finish reading the books I already own!)
My only qualm about this book (and the author) was that it didn't appeal to the funambulist in me and strike a balance. It felt like it was presenting only one side of the story. Yes the title says "India is broken" but all the facts and figures presented paint such a grim picture that it feels like "India is defeated". If there's no hope for the nation, why bother about anything at all? And while you'd agree that's not the case, why is the current outlook so dim?
I need to balance this out with a book that sings praises of current India. However, my dejected mood non-withstanding, I'd urge everyone to read this book.
March 30, 2023
The developed world is so sold on the India miracle that too few concede that much of the hype, especially in the last decade or so, is myth. So, this book is for the minority, who seek the truth about a place that's home to a fifth of the world's people. The author goes beyond facts to the truth, beyond stats to offer context, beyond the headlines to offer nuance and perspective. A book that may persuade global voters to question their politicians and governments on their unquestioning sponsorship of export to, investment into and partnership with a state that is letting its people down on a scale that few 21st century democracies do. Not all of the author's conclusions, especially about the 20th century are valid and some of his cures may be too simplistic, still, this sad, but vital, commentary, is a desperate call to the world to use its leverage to urgently fix what's currently "hard to fix".
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
October 3, 2023
I have enjoyed the information on the nehruvian era, followed by the iron lady era and slowly making its way to current scenarios. I believe your book has provided me with a very critical view of looking at the government and its role in the economics of a country.
I have enjoyed reading your book despite it being so critical and have definitely learnt some great facts. The only aspect I would like to suggest to you is to look at Indian economies, politics and ideological mindsets as a whole and not just post independence. Many of your criticisms seem to show a serious lack of not understanding of Indian history and mythological values. The way people work in India is also based a lot on our culture and values. I feel the only country in the world that has actually been the most tolerant in the world throughout history, due to its values will rise again and compete neck to neck and pound for pound against any economy out there.
February 4, 2024
This is one of the worst books I have read about India, tainting false narratives and presenting a skewed perspective of the nation from Independence to today. The author's approach is overly critical and lacks a balanced viewpoint, neglecting the progress and positive changes that have occurred over the decades. It seems to cherry-pick facts to suit a predetermined narrative, disregarding the complexity and diversity of India's journey. The book fails to engage with the nuances of India's socio-political landscape, making broad generalizations that do not do justice to the country's rich history and the efforts of its people. Moreover, the writing style is tedious and lacks the depth required to tackle such a significant topic, making it a disappointing read for anyone seeking a comprehensive understanding of India's evolution. It contributes little to constructive discourse, leaning more towards sensationalism than factual accuracy or insightful analysis.
July 2, 2025
Excellent smackdown of India optimists, both the naive-Western "world's biggest democracy!" kind and the chest-thumping Hindu nationalist kind.
Mody's thesis is that India has, since independence, completely failed to guarantee adequate employment, nutrition, and education, unlike most other Asian countries. With every lost generation, the possibility of catching up grows slimmer, while new problems like environmental despoliation compound.
This is true and well substantiated but unenlightening. The book is all what and no why: Why do Congress and the BJP opt for the same crony-capitalist governance? Why do Indians have such miserably low, zero-sum civic expectations? When a national leader gets something right (Nehru's primary education policy, Modi's tax reform) why is the implementation always so bad?
These are cultural, historical, painful questions to answer, and it seems that Mody - whose analysis is purely economic - is unable or unwilling to venture any guesses.
Mody's thesis is that India has, since independence, completely failed to guarantee adequate employment, nutrition, and education, unlike most other Asian countries. With every lost generation, the possibility of catching up grows slimmer, while new problems like environmental despoliation compound.
This is true and well substantiated but unenlightening. The book is all what and no why: Why do Congress and the BJP opt for the same crony-capitalist governance? Why do Indians have such miserably low, zero-sum civic expectations? When a national leader gets something right (Nehru's primary education policy, Modi's tax reform) why is the implementation always so bad?
These are cultural, historical, painful questions to answer, and it seems that Mody - whose analysis is purely economic - is unable or unwilling to venture any guesses.
July 26, 2023
How does an author choose a title for his book? Is it more to attract attention than to convey some meaningful substance? Ashoka Mody's book certainly seems to follow the latter idea! In the midst of fairly well informed opinions about India's failings, (and choosing to ignore its positives) the choice of the title plagues the reader all the way through to the end. "Broken"? How ? The title squarely suggests that there is anarchy in the country. His conclusions lend weight to this theory. A pity. It would be extremely interesting to know the funding for this book - one look at the favourable reviews on the Amazon.com website, I can imagine a lot. Another interesting thing would be to see how much time the author has spent in India! I have never been more compelled to finish a 500+ page book this fast in my life.
November 28, 2023
Ashoka Mody's book is well-researched and gives a comprehensive account of the Indian political-economy since independence. Mody is incisive and eloquent in phases. If you have little idea of the post-independence India, its polity and economy, then this is possibly the go-to book. [If you are already well-clued to these happenings, then most of what Mody says will be a review/repetition of what you already know.] Mody zeroes in on the problem afflicting economic decision-making in India all these years. He is critical of all the regimes - from Nehru to Modi - without exception. In some places it seems the author is critical for the sake of being so. The book could have been edited lot better. Topics emerge at random in different parts of the book. Such random rambling spoils the book to a great extent.
June 6, 2024
Really well written primer on the shaping of modern India. I’m not sure if it was intended to be very detailed given the scope of what the book was covering, but at times, the book felt too breezy & the graphs seemed to be thrown in to cover for a slight lack of detail.
Perhaps the overall narrative is a bit too unforgiving of India’s (lack of) development, but perhaps there’s an argument to be made that if we look too critically at what any governments have delivered on vs their promises, Mody’s stance is the only natural conclusion. Perhaps disillusionment and skepticism are a health necessities to build the worlds we dream of.
(something something audacity of hope I know the context is deeply cringe but obama really ate with that phrase im soRRY)
Perhaps the overall narrative is a bit too unforgiving of India’s (lack of) development, but perhaps there’s an argument to be made that if we look too critically at what any governments have delivered on vs their promises, Mody’s stance is the only natural conclusion. Perhaps disillusionment and skepticism are a health necessities to build the worlds we dream of.
(something something audacity of hope I know the context is deeply cringe but obama really ate with that phrase im soRRY)
January 15, 2025
Bitter and frightening truth which is so plain before eyes and can be felt by at least people of my generation born in the decade after independence. Sadly, (Shall be happy if I turn out wrong in my assumption), I have my own doubt that such books are read widely even in those English-speaking drawing rooms where current affairs are so generally discussed. Wish that people read, or rather read more, not only this book but so many others written with huge investigation, research, and efforts by authors, journalists often risking their well-being in the current scenario, and such material is made available in regional language also.
September 22, 2025
This is a really great book for laypersons looking to understand what went wrong with India post-Independence. It forces a lot of people on the centre-left to face uncomfortable truths about Nehru.
I think underplaying the role of caste is a problem, and so is ignoring the root cause of China and Vietnam's success even while referring to them repeatedly as well as the root cause of the success of other East Asian countries. It's like the author decided beforehand that speaking positively about revolutionary socialist governments wouldn't land well with American readers and self-censored.
I think underplaying the role of caste is a problem, and so is ignoring the root cause of China and Vietnam's success even while referring to them repeatedly as well as the root cause of the success of other East Asian countries. It's like the author decided beforehand that speaking positively about revolutionary socialist governments wouldn't land well with American readers and self-censored.
November 7, 2024
Seems like a strong introduction to a subject I didn't know much about, and I don't see any major critiques that would undermine it. Presents a very negative picture, but at least it's a clearer one for me.
My primary misgiving is that the author dismisses a few things very offhandedly, which makes me worry I've acquired new blind spots as well. Also some odd Y axis manipulation on some of the charts.
My primary misgiving is that the author dismisses a few things very offhandedly, which makes me worry I've acquired new blind spots as well. Also some odd Y axis manipulation on some of the charts.
June 20, 2023
Remarkable lack of understanding for Princeton person. Seems author has spent more time watching movies and soaking the most idiotic of the left-liberal tropes.
Extremely shoddy work. Read it because Martin Wolf recommended it. My respect for Wolf and Princeton have declined and unlikely to recover.
Dont waste your time with this.
Extremely shoddy work. Read it because Martin Wolf recommended it. My respect for Wolf and Princeton have declined and unlikely to recover.
Dont waste your time with this.
November 28, 2023
A superb economic history of the 75 odd years on Indian independence, and how successive regimes have fallen way short of delivering on progressive policy and effective implementation. The sombre realisation is that perhaps India is too far down the path to change course, and it's every man for himself.
March 31, 2023
A sobering critique of the direction India took and is headed in. The Indian state is hurtling towards a disaster of its own making Professor Mody says, and he makes a damn good case to back up this proposition. A must read.
June 18, 2023
If you want to know, what went wrong in Indian policymaking over the years (1947 - current) that pegged us behind China, Vietnam and other east Asian countries who were contemporary to us during independence in every field, this is a must-read.
July 6, 2023
Good Account of Troubled India
This is a very accurate coverage of India and it’s democracy. I had some trouble because it was so academic and focused so much on economics. Not a bad thing just kept me at arm’s length with the content.
This is a very accurate coverage of India and it’s democracy. I had some trouble because it was so academic and focused so much on economics. Not a bad thing just kept me at arm’s length with the content.
August 2, 2023
Book that shows the reality of india
The book starts during independence and tells us the story of successive governments neglected education and health which were the primary drivers of growth in the rise of a country.
The book starts during independence and tells us the story of successive governments neglected education and health which were the primary drivers of growth in the rise of a country.
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