Vitamin C: A 500-Year Scientific Biography from Scurvy to Pseudoscience is the compelling story of the history and science behind vitamin C.
Vitamin C begins with scurvy, which afflicted Europe for four hundred years and killed millions. The reasons that a disease whose cure was known from the outset persisted over that time are at once baffling and familiar, and these trials eventually lead to invention of the science of epidemiology. Author Stephen M. Sagar MD then chronicles the discovery of vitamins at the beginning of the twentieth century, a story that encapsulates the rise of a scientific approach to nutrition but with surprising twists and turns. As vitamin science became more acquainted with the mainstream, scientist Linus Pauling reached new heights of fame and influence by popularizing the practice of taking megadoses of vitamin C to prevent colds – a claim that was not necessarily backed by data. This kickstarted the growth of the $40 billion vitamin and supplement industry, which has since prospered all while ignoring science.
This unique and engrossing narrative reveals how medical science functions in the real world and how it has changed over the centuries. Featuring swashbuckling sailors, arctic explorers, penny-pinching bureaucrats, academicians with clashing egos, and intrepid scientists working in malaria-infested jungle laboratories, the story of C is in many ways the story of how science gets done (and undone). From the trial and error of early explorers to the scientific breakthroughs made by biochemists and the birth of the modern supplement industry, this revelatory book tells the story of how cherished beliefs, self-interest, and politics often intertwine with scientific progress.
Easy to read, great introduction to the origins of vitamin C and the history of scurvy at sea. Also touches upon the business of vitamins sold in stores in general. I wish it was a little longer and contained more about the place of health supplements in today's society. The book did explain a little of that, but it could be more elaborated.
หนังสือ Vitamin C: A 500-Year Scientific Biography from Scurvy to Pseudoscience จะพาเราย้อนไปในอดีต เพื่อทำความรู้จักประวัติศาสตร์ของวิตามินซี จวบจนยุคปัจจุบัน
A clear, concise history of vitamin C, that vitamin you always hear about but don’t really know much about. Scurvy, a horrid, painful disease, killed millions, yet it took several hundred years and the evolution of the scientific method to figure out why: an extreme lack of Vitamin C in people’s diets. Even when presented with the solution however, many nations didn’t listen to the evidence and citizens continued to die well into the early 1900s. Then in the 1960’s the pseudoscience of Linus Pauling led to the incorrect, yet broadly accepted notion that an average person needed vitamin C supplements. We first had not enough vitamin C and then we had too much.
While the history and affiliated characters are interesting enough, what the true lesson of this slice — think an orange slice — of science is that the scientific method, and the general reverence for science, is strained, even today with all the advances
As the author notes in his short but downright punchy Chapter 11:
Ignoring the obvious (aka bias, self-righteous stubbornness, having subjective blinders on): “…our preconceived notions of reality…constrain our thinking and prevent us from interpreting evidence objectively. Presented with new information, we try to force it into our mental models of the world, not matter how much bending and twisting we must do.”
Ignoring the science (aka forgoing rational choices due to politics, ego, religion, and habit): “Another lesson is that even when science reveals the answer, we may refuse to accept it. Scientists spend their careers searching for truth in the believe that this true will free us from superstition and irrational assumptions. Experience is otherwise. People and entire nations refuse to pay attention to the evidence….The truth does not necessarily set us free.”
In this book, we learn about ignoring the obvious and ignoring the science in the 500-year history of vitamin C. This willful ignorance is, unfortunately, continuing with Covid, as well as climate change and a myriad of other dire issues. Still, scientists continue the science and hopefully, we’ll all soon listen.
A truly excellent book. In less than 200 pages, in accessible language, the history of the discovery and use of Vitamin C as a cure for scurvy--and a pseudoscience cure for cancer, the flu, and the common cold. Here we learn that it took the British Navy 300 years and the lives of a million sailors before it was accepted that fresh fruit and vegetables was all it took to cure scurvy. Meanwhile, the Spanish Navy made frequent pitstops to pick up oranges and other fruits, because it was recognized that in 1498, oranges cured scurvy.
We learn that a brilliant chemist and advocate for nuclear disarmamen--winner of two Nobel Prizes--turned to promoting pseudoscience, using his fame and credentials. Linus Pauling founded the quack science and commercial industry of megadose vitamins. After blowing his career on a bad theory of DNA structure, he abandoned science in pursuit of narcissism.
The author succinctly explains how Vitamin C actually works in your body, why it is so profoundly critical to your health, and why you can't absorb more than 100 milligrams of it on a given day. Fun fact: primates and guinea pigs can't make our own Vitamin C. But rats can, as well as most other animals.