Out the Window
In the early Sixties, not long after it was formed, I joined the Merry Marvel Marching Society (MMMS for short). Of course I did – I was an RFO (a Right Frantic One, as buyers of the monthly Marvel comics would now be known)!
Among the membership paraphernalia, the item that most sticks in my memory is a 33 1/3 rpm single-sided ‘floppy disc’ featuring the Voices of Marvel – that is, Stan Lee and the Bullpen clowning around. There are cameos from Fabulous Flo (Marvel’s Gal Friday) and Jack ‘King’ Kirby, while ‘wondrous’ Wally Wood gabbles away while pretending to suffer from ‘mike-fright.’
The artist who really did have ‘mike-fright’ and refused to take part was Steve Ditko, co-creator of Spider-Man and Dr Strange. So, he is introduced as causing a commotion by leaving abruptly:
‘Whoops! There he goes!’
‘Out the window again? You know, I’m beginning to think that he is Spider-Man.’
‘You mean he isn’t?’
As I increasingly immersed myself in the worlds created by my two favourite artists, it was easy for me to identify Kirby with noble heroes such as the Mighty Thor, while the gawkiness of Spider-Man and the spookiness of Dr Strange suggested that their creator was something of an oddball – which, by many accounts, he was, right down to his embracing the Objectivist philosophy of the extreme libertarian Ayn Rand. He apparently frequently clashed politically with Lee, who was more of a typical East Coast liberal. But what magic they created together! As Lee said of him (Amazing Spider-Man #9, cover dated February 1964): “One thing we always say about Steverino’s art” – did Ditko really like being called Steverino? – “It’s so far out, that it’s in!”
Spider-Man was introduced in Amazing Fantasy #15 (August 1962) and would soon amass an array of weird super-villains such as Doctor Octopus, Mysterio and the Green Goblin. It was in the Letter Pages of Amazing Spider-Man #6 (November 1963) that Lee first mentions another of his and Ditko’s creations, “the ’ole Master of Black Magic” whom they apparently snuck into the back pages of the long-running Strange Tales magazine, hoping no-one would notice him, “so that we could turn out the stories without too much effort.” But the reaction to the character was far more favourable than they expected, and he would eventually take over the whole magazine.
But…black magic? In ‘The Origin of Dr Strange’ (Strange Tales #115, December 1963) he travels to India, to the mountain home of the Ancient One, to study “the long-dead mystic arts” – his mastery of “the secrets of black magic” enables him to battle its evil practitioners with their own weapons. Moreover, the entities invoked – the Vishanti, the dread Dormammu, the all-seeing Agamotto – appear to be morally neutral. They are powers which can be called upon for good or evil.
It was perhaps to avoid confusing the morals of its readers that Strange Tales #122 (July 1964) calls Dr Strange, on the cover, the Master of the Mystic Arts, while boasting, on the splash page of the story entitled ‘The World Beyond,’ that the doctor “has made black magic the most fascinating new subject in comicdom.” The World Beyond of the title is the dream-world, specifically that part of it ruled by the entity Nightmare; but there are many Worlds Beyond encountered by Dr Strange in the course of his adventures; and a clue to the underlying nature of these worlds is given by the doctor himself, when he declares, in ‘The Possessed’ (Strange Tales #118, March 1964): ‘There is no power greater than that which I possess…For mine is the basic power of the imagination…the gossamer thread of which dreams are woven.’
The power of the imagination – greater, it would appear, than any earthly power – derives from its intermediary position (at least according to esoteric cosmology) between Heaven and Earth, between the physical and the intelligible, between mind and matter, between (as Coleridge put it) the literal and the metaphorical. As the philosopher Henry Corbin has shown, the idea of the Imagination as its own place – an Interzone, an intermediate World Beyond – was explored by Islamic theosophers in the twelfth century, when the West was discovering the Grail Kingdom; and when King Arthur’s Britain was imagined as an adventurous realm full of marvels.
In the adventurous realms of the Marvel Universe, the world of magic is described (‘The Domain of the Dread Dormammu’: Strange Tales #126, November 1964) as “half-hidden between the real and the imaginary.” If an Objectivist such as Ditko, for whom Reason is the only Absolute, could bring such intermediate worlds out of hiding, it may be because, when he put a pencil between his fingers, he became, like any true artist, a channel for something more powerful than his rational mind: the same power as that wielded by Dr Strange, the magical power of the creative imagination, For although today we tend to dismiss the “imaginary” as “unreal,” there is another way of perceiving it: as an alternative reality, where we need only follow Ditko out the window to discover that marvels are real.
The great imaginative comics artist Jim Starlin expressed it perfectly when he wrote, on the splash page to Strange Tales #181 (August 1975): “This story is dedicated to Steve Ditko, who gave us all a different reality.”